UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of March 2023

Commission File Number: 001-36450

JD.com, Inc.

20th Floor, Building A, No. 18 Kechuang 11 Street

Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone

Daxing District, Beijing 101111

The People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F  ☒            Form 40-F  ☐

Exhibit Index

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 9, 2023

Exhibit 99.1

JD.com Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results and Dividend

Beijing, China—March 9, 2023—JD.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: JD and HKEX: 9618), a leading supply chain-based technology and service provider, today announced its unaudited financial results for the three months and the full year ended December 31, 2022 and dividend for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Highlights

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“While 2022 posed many challenges for JD.com and China as a whole, we delivered solid operational results and surpassed 1 trillion RMB in annual revenue for the first time,” said Lei Xu, CEO of JD.com. “During the pandemic, our steadfast commitment to helping society further established JD.com as a highly trusted brand. Looking ahead, amidst ever-evolving opportunities and challenges we will stay focused on lowering costs, increasing efficiency and constantly improving user experience. I am confident that JD.com will play an even larger role in China’s economic development while delivering strong returns for our shareholders in the years ahead.”

“We achieved profitable growth and strong cash flow for the quarter and full-year,” said Sandy Xu, Chief Financial Officer of JD.com. “While we explore new growth opportunities, we will continue our focus on financial discipline and technology-driven operational efficiency to build a solid foundation for JD.com’s future high-quality growth. Reflecting our healthy profitability and balance sheet and commitment to shareholder value, we are also pleased to continue to return value to shareholders in the form of a cash dividend.”

Business Highlights

Environment, Social and Governance

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JD Retail

JD Health

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JD Logistics

JD Industrials

JD Property

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Dada

Fourth Quarter 2022 Financial Results

Net Revenues. For the fourth quarter of 2022, JD.com reported net revenues of RMB295.4 billion (US$42.8 billion), representing a 7.1% increase from the same period of 2021. Net product revenues increased by 1.2%, while net service revenues increased by 40.3% for the fourth quarter of 2022, as compared to the same period of 2021.

Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues increased by 6.3% to RMB253.9 billion (US$36.8 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022 from RMB238.8 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021.

Fulfillment Expenses. Fulfillment expenses, which primarily include procurement, warehousing, delivery, customer service and payment processing expenses, increased by 3.3% to RMB16.9 billion (US$2.4 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022 from RMB16.3 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021. Fulfillment expenses as a percentage of net revenues was 5.7% for the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to 5.9% for the same period last year.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses decreased by 10.3% to RMB12.0 billion (US$1.7 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022 from RMB13.4 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased by 6.4% to RMB4.4 billion (US$0.6 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022 from RMB4.1 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased by 2.5% to RMB3.6 billion (US$0.5 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022 from RMB3.7 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021.

Income/(Loss) from Operations and Non-GAAP Income from Operations. Income from operations for the fourth quarter of 2022 was RMB4.8 billion (US$0.7 billion), compared to a loss of RMB0.4 billion for the same period last year. Non-GAAP income from operations was RMB7.3 billion (US$1.1 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022, as compared to RMB2.8 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021. Operating margin of JD Retail before unallocated items for the fourth quarter of 2022 was 3.0%, compared to 2.1% for the fourth quarter of 2021.

Non-GAAP EBITDA. Non-GAAP EBITDA increased by 113.8% to RMB8.9 billion (US$1.3 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022 from RMB4.2 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021.

Share of Results of Equity Investees. Share of results of equity investees was an income of RMB113.0 million (US$16.0 million) for the fourth quarter of 2022, as compared to a loss of RMB4.3 billion for the fourth quarter of 2021. The loss for the fourth quarter of 2021 was primarily due to non-cash impairment from certain equity investees.

Net Income/(Loss) Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders and Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders. Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for the fourth quarter of 2022 was RMB3.0 billion (US$0.4 billion), compared to a net loss of RMB5.2 billion for the same period last year. Non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for the fourth quarter of 2022 was RMB7.7 billion (US$1.1 billion), as compared to RMB3.6 billion for the same period last year.

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Diluted EPS and Non-GAAP Diluted EPS. Diluted net income per ADS for the fourth quarter of 2022 was RMB1.91 (US$0.28), compared to a diluted net loss per ADS of RMB3.33 for the fourth quarter of 2021. Non-GAAP diluted net income per ADS for the fourth quarter of 2022 was RMB4.81 (US$0.70), compared to RMB2.21 for the fourth quarter of 2021.

Cash Flow and Working Capital

As of December 31, 2022, the company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments totaled RMB226.2 billion (US$32.8 billion), compared to RMB191.3 billion as of December 31, 2021. For the fourth quarter of 2022, free cash flow of the company was as follows:

Net cash used in investing activities was RMB17.9 billion (US$2.6 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022, consisting primarily of the increase in short-term investments and cash paid for capital expenditures.

Net cash used in financing activities was RMB4.2 billion (US$0.6 billion) for the fourth quarter of 2022, consisting primarily of the net repayment of bank loans.

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Full Year 2022 Financial Results

Net Revenues. For the full year of 2022, JD.com reported net revenues of RMB1,046.2 billion (US$151.7 billion), representing a 9.9% increase from the full year of 2021. Net product revenues increased by 6.1%, while net service revenues increased by 33.3% for the full year of 2022, as compared to the full year of 2021.

Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues increased by 9.3% to RMB899.2 billion (US$130.4 billion) for the full year of 2022 from RMB822.5 billion for the full year of 2021.

Fulfillment Expenses. Fulfillment expenses, which primarily include procurement, warehousing, delivery, customer service and payment processing expenses, increased by 6.7% to RMB63.0 billion (US$9.1 billion) for the full year of 2022 from RMB59.1 billion for the full year of 2021. Fulfillment expenses as a percentage of net revenues was 6.0% for the full year of 2022, compared to 6.2% for the full year of 2021.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses were RMB37.8 billion (US$5.5 billion) for the full year of 2022, as compared to RMB38.7 billion for the full year of 2021.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses were RMB16.9 billion (US$2.4 billion) for the full year of 2022, as compared to RMB16.3 billion for the full year of 2021.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased by 4.4% to RMB11.1 billion (US$1.6 billion) for the full year of 2022 from RMB11.6 billion for the full year of 2021.

Income from Operations and Non-GAAP Income from Operations. Income from operations for the full year of 2022 was RMB19.7 billion (US$2.9 billion), compared to RMB4.1 billion for the full year of 2021. Non-GAAP income from operations for the full year of 2022 was RMB27.6 billion (US$4.0 billion), compared to RMB13.4 billion for the full year of 2021. Operating margin of JD Retail before unallocated items for the full year of 2022 was 3.7%, compared to 3.1% for the full year of 2021.

Non-GAAP EBITDA. Non-GAAP EBITDA for the full year of 2022 increased by 79.6% to RMB33.6 billion (US$4.9 billion) from RMB18.7 billion for the full year of 2021.

Share of Results of Equity Investees. Share of results of equity investees was a loss of RMB2.2 billion (US$0.3 billion) for the full year of 2022, as compared to a loss of RMB4.9 billion for the full year of 2021. The loss for the full year of 2022 was primarily due to non-cash impairment in certain equity investees.

Net Income/(Loss) Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders and Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders. Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for the full year of 2022 was RMB10.4 billion (US$1.5 billion), compared to a net loss of RMB3.6 billion for the full year of 2021. Non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for the full year of 2022 was RMB28.2 billion (US$4.1 billion), compared to RMB17.2 billion for the full year of 2021.

Diluted EPS and Non-GAAP Diluted EPS. Diluted net income per ADS for the full year of 2022 was RMB6.42 (US$0.93), compared to a diluted net loss per ADS of RMB2.29 for the full year of 2021. Non-GAAP diluted net income per ADS for the full year of 2022 was RMB17.73 (US$2.57), compared to RMB10.75 for the full year of 2021.

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Cash Flow and Working Capital

For the full year of 2022, free cash flow of the company was as follows:

Net cash used in investing activities was RMB54.0 billion (US$7.8 billion) for the full year of 2022, consisting primarily of cash paid for capital expenditures, increase in short-term investments, and net cash paid for the acquisition of China Logistics Property Holdings Co., Ltd (“CNLP”) and Deppon.

Net cash provided by financing activities was RMB1.2 billion (US$0.2 billion) for the full year of 2022, consisting primarily of net proceeds from bank loans, net proceeds from JD Property’s non-redeemable series B preferred share financing and share placement of JD Logistics, partially offset by cash paid for dividends.

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Supplemental Information

The company reports four segments, JD Retail, JD Logistics, Dada and New businesses. JD Retail, components of which include JD Health and JD Industrials, among others, mainly consists of online retail, online marketplace and marketing services in China. JD Logistics includes both internal and external logistics businesses. Dada is a local on-demand delivery and retail platform in China. New businesses mainly include JD Property, Jingxi, overseas businesses and technology initiatives.

The table below sets forth the segment operating results:

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The table below sets forth the revenue information:

Recent Development

Dividend Payment

The company announced that its board of directors (the “Board”) approved a cash dividend of US$0.31 per ordinary share, or US$0.62 per ADS, to holders of ordinary shares and holders of ADSs, respectively, as of the close of business on April 6, 2023 Beijing/Hong Kong Time and New York Time, respectively, payable in U.S. dollars. The aggregate amount of the dividend will be approximately US$1.0 billion. The payment date is expected to be on or around April 27, 2023 and on or around May 4, 2023 for holders of ordinary shares and holders of ADSs, respectively.

In addition, the company plans to adopt an annual dividend policy, under which the company may choose to declare and distribute a cash dividend each year, starting from 2023, at an amount determined in relation to the company’s financial performance in the previous fiscal year, among other factors. The determination to make dividend distributions in any particular year will be made at the discretion of the Board based upon factors such as the company’s results of operations, cash flow, financial condition, capital requirements and other considerations that the Board deems relevant.

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Establishment of ESG Committee and Change in Committees Composition

On March 8, 2023, the Board resolved to establish an environmental, social and governance committee, or the ESG Committee, to supervise ESG-related matters of the company, demonstrating the company’s unremitting commitment to ESG. The ESG Committee consists of Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu, Professor Dingbo Xu and Ms. Carol Yun Yau Li, with Mr. Liu serving as the chairperson, effective immediately. Meanwhile, the functions and responsibilities in relation to corporate governance will be shifted to the ESG Committee from the nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board, which will be renamed as the nomination committee. In light of his new committee membership, Professor Dingbo Xu will retire from the compensation committee of the Board, effective immediately.

JD Industrials’ Series B Transaction

Recently in March 2023, JD Industrials, the leading industrial supply chain technology and service provider in China and a subsidiary of the company, has entered into definitive transaction agreements in connection with its series B preferred shares with a group of investors. The company will remain the majority shareholder of JD Industrials after the completion of the transactions.

Conference Call

JD.com’s management will hold a conference call at 7:00 am, Eastern Time on March 9, 2023, (8:00 pm, Beijing/Hong Kong Time on March 9, 2023) to discuss the fourth quarter and full year of 2022 financial results.

Please register in advance of the conference using the link provided below and dial in 15 minutes prior to the call, using participant dial-in numbers, the Passcode and unique access PIN which would be provided upon registering. You will be automatically linked to the live call after completion of this process, unless required to provide the conference ID below due to regional restrictions.

PRE-REGISTER LINK: https://s1.c-conf.com/diamondpass/10028786-gdt5ed.html

CONFERENCE ID: 10028786

A telephone replay will be available for one week until March 16, 2023. The dial-in details are as follows:

Additionally, a live and archived webcast of the conference call will also be available on the JD.com’s investor relations website at http://ir.jd.com.

About JD.com

JD.com is a leading supply chain-based technology and service provider. The company’s cutting-edge retail infrastructure seeks to enable consumers to buy whatever they want, whenever and wherever they want it. The company has opened its technology and infrastructure to partners, brands and other sectors, as part of its Retail as a Service offering to help drive productivity and innovation across a range of industries.

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Non-GAAP Measures

In evaluating the business, the company considers and uses non-GAAP measures, such as non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders, non-GAAP net margin, free cash flow, non-GAAP EBITDA, non-GAAP EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income/(loss) per share and non-GAAP net income/(loss) per ADS, as supplemental measures to review and assess operating performance. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The company defines non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations as income/(loss) from operations excluding share-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions, effects of business cooperation arrangements, gain on sale of development properties and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. The company defines non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders as net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders excluding share-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions, effects of business cooperation arrangements and non-compete agreements, gain/(loss) on disposals/deemed disposals of investments and others, reconciling items on the share of equity method investments, loss/(gain) from fair value change of long-term investments, impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and investments, gain in relation to sale of development properties and tax effects on non-GAAP adjustments. The company defines free cash flow as operating cash flow adjusting the impact from JD Baitiao receivables included in the operating cash flow and capital expenditures, net of the proceeds from sale of development properties. Capital expenditures include purchase of property, equipment and software, cash paid for construction in progress, purchase of intangible assets and land use rights. The company defines non-GAAP EBITDA as non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations plus depreciation and amortization excluding amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions. Non-GAAP basic net income/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the periods. Non-GAAP diluted net income/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the periods, including the dilutive effect of share-based awards as determined under the treasury stock method. Non-GAAP net income/(loss) per ADS is equal to non-GAAP net income/(loss) per share multiplied by two.

The company presents these non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by management to evaluate operating performance and formulate business plans. Non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders and non-GAAP EBITDA reflect the company’s ongoing business operations in a manner that allows more meaningful period-to-period comparisons. Free cash flow enables management to assess liquidity and cash flow while taking into account the impact from JD Baitiao receivables included in the operating cash flow and the demands that the expansion of fulfillment infrastructure and technology platform has placed on financial resources. The company believes that the use of the non-GAAP financial measures facilitates investors to understand and evaluate the company’s current operating performance and future prospects in the same manner as management does, if they so choose. The company also believes that the non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to both management and investors by excluding certain expenses, gain/loss and other items that are not expected to result in future cash payments or that are non-recurring in nature or may not be indicative of the company’s core operating results and business outlook.

The non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. The company’s non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect all items of income and expense that affect the company’s operations or not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. Further, these non-GAAP measures may differ from the non-GAAP information used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore their comparability may be limited. The company compensates for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance measure, all of which should be considered when evaluating performance. The company encourages you to review the company’s financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

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CONTACTS:

Investor Relations

Sean Zhang

+86 (10) 8912-6804

IR@JD.com

Media Relations

+86 (10) 8911-6155

Press@JD.com

Safe Harbor Statement

This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “confident” and similar statements. Among other things, the business outlook and quotations from management in this announcement, as well as JD.com’s strategic and operational plans, contain forward-looking statements. JD.com may also make written or oral forward-looking statements in its periodic reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), in announcements made on the website of the HKEX, in its annual report to shareholders, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by its officers, directors or employees to third parties. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about JD.com’s beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, including but not limited to the following: JD.com’s growth strategies; its future business development, results of operations and financial condition; its ability to attract and retain new customers and to increase revenues generated from repeat customers; its expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of its products and services; trends and competition in China’s e-commerce market; changes in its revenues and certain cost or expense items; the expected growth of the Chinese e-commerce market; laws, regulations and governmental policies relating to the industries in which JD.com or its business partners operate; potential changes in laws, regulations and governmental policies or changes in the interpretation and implementation of laws, regulations and governmental policies that could adversely affect the industries in which JD.com or its business partners operate, including, among others, initiatives to enhance supervision of companies listed on an overseas exchange and tighten scrutiny over data privacy and data security; risks associated with JD.com’s acquisitions, investments and alliances, including fluctuation in the market value of JD.com’s investment portfolio; impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; natural disasters and geopolitical events; change in tax rates and financial risks; intensity of competition; and general market and economic conditions in China and globally. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in JD.com’s filings with the SEC and the announcements on the website of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. All information provided herein is as of the date of this announcement, and JD.com undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as required under applicable law.

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions, except otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions, except otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions, except otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In millions, except per share data)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In millions, except per share data)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Non-GAAP Net Income Per Share and Per ADS

(In millions, except per share data)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Free Cash Flow

(In millions)

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JD.com, Inc.

Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics

GMV⁽⁸⁾ increased by 5.6% for the full year of 2022, as compared to the full year of 2021.

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Results

(In millions, except percentage data)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Results

(In millions, except percentage data)