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Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information	Dec. 31, 2015 shares
Entity Registrant Name	JD.com, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001549802
Document Type	20-F
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2015
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2015
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Class A ordinary shares
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	2,313,578,195
Class B ordinary shares
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	480,178,455

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,757,706	¥ 17,863,868	¥ 16,914,651
Restricted cash	326,486	2,114,913	3,038,286
Short-term investments	429,232	2,780,482	12,161,643
Accounts receivable, net	1,467,826	9,508,284	2,436,256
Advance to suppliers	143,131	927,177	930,026
Inventories, net	3,170,759	20,539,543	12,190,843
Loan receivables, net	368,006	2,383,869	123,344
Prepayments and other current assets	229,467	1,486,441	1,734,334
Amount due from related parties	133,304	863,516	412,314
Total current assets	9,025,917	58,468,093	49,941,697
Non-current assets
Property, equipment and software, net	962,226	6,233,106	2,408,438
Construction in progress	195,590	1,266,992	1,928,899
Intangible assets, net	812,619	5,263,983	6,877,947
Land use rights, net	297,662	1,928,192	1,067,253
Goodwill	4,485	29,050	2,622,470
Investment in equity investees	1,368,404	8,864,249	586,959
Investment securities	155,274	1,005,831	434,118
Other non-current assets	325,214	2,106,673	625,391
Total non-current assets	4,121,474	26,698,076	16,551,475
Total assets	13,147,391	85,166,169	66,493,172
Current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries of RMB2,383,405 and RMB6,313,410 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 respectively. Note 1)
Short-term bank loans	469,327	3,040,209	1,890,771
Nonrecourse securitization debt	89,512	579,843
Accounts payable	4,603,313	29,819,341	16,363,671
Advance from customers	1,107,457	7,173,885	4,666,660
Deferred revenues (including amounts in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties of nil and RMB799,255 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively)	158,750	1,028,350	157,080
Taxes payable	15,933	103,211	236,160
Amount due to related parties	16,167	104,726	325,119
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,108,102	7,178,065	5,311,832
Deferred tax liabilities	190	1,228	43,812
Total current liabilities	7,568,751	49,028,858	28,995,105
Non-current liabilities
Deferred revenues (including amounts in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties of nil and RMB2,664,421 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively)	417,605	2,705,164
Nonrecourse securitization debt	425,098	2,753,699
Total non-current liabilities	842,703	5,458,863
Total liabilities	8,411,454	54,487,721	28,995,105
Commitments and contingencies (Note 28)
JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,237,460,751 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,208,310,595 outstanding, 556,295,899 Class B ordinary shares issued and 523,407,762 outstanding as of December 31, 2014; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015.)	55	358	358
Additional paid-in capital	7,470,611	48,393,126	47,131,172
Statutory reserves	8,577	55,560	15,009
Treasury stock	0	(3)	(4)
Accumulated deficit	(2,885,379)	(18,690,910)	(9,272,343)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	120,795	782,484	(376,125)
Total JD.com Inc. shareholders' equity	4,714,659	30,540,615	37,498,067
Non-controlling interests	21,278	137,833
Total shareholders' equity	4,735,937	30,678,448	37,498,067
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 13,147,391	¥ 85,166,169	¥ 66,493,172

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) shares
Current liabilities, consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries	¥ 49,028,858,000	¥ 28,995,105,000
Deferred revenues, traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties	1,028,350,000	¥ 157,080,000
Deferred revenues, traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties	¥ 2,705,164,000
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Deferred revenues, traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties \| ¥	¥ 799,255,000	¥ 0
Deferred revenues, traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties \| ¥	¥ 2,664,421,000	¥ 0
Class A ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,313,578,195	2,237,460,751
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,287,701,055	2,208,310,595
Class B ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	480,178,455	556,295,899
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	454,289,431	523,407,762
Consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries
Current liabilities, consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries \| ¥	¥ 6,313,410,000	¥ 2,383,405,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares
Net revenues
Online direct sales	$ 25,891,658	¥ 167,720,984	¥ 108,549,258	¥ 67,017,977
Services and others	2,094,225	13,565,971	6,453,059	2,321,835
Total net revenues	27,985,883	181,286,955	115,002,317	69,339,812
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues	(24,237,909)	(157,008,329)	(101,631,443)	(62,495,538)
Fulfillment	(2,149,030)	(13,920,988)	(8,067,048)	(4,108,939)
Marketing	(1,194,259)	(7,736,172)	(4,010,280)	(1,590,171)
Technology and content	(533,175)	(3,453,804)	(1,835,919)	(963,653)
General and administrative	(444,131)	(2,876,989)	(5,260,064)	(760,338)
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	(424,547)	(2,750,129)
Total operating expenses	(28,983,051)	(187,746,411)	(120,804,754)	(69,918,639)
Loss from operations	(997,168)	(6,459,456)	(5,802,437)	(578,827)
Other income/(expense)
Share of results of equity investees	(483,850)	(3,134,283)
Interest income	64,065	414,999	637,641	343,770
Interest expense	(12,737)	(82,507)	(28,825)	(8,437)
Others, net	(21,704)	(140,597)	216,587	193,555
Loss before tax	(1,451,394)	(9,401,844)	(4,977,034)	(49,939)
Income tax benefits/(expenses)	2,202	14,262	(19,324)	40
Net loss	(1,449,192)	(9,387,582)	(4,996,358)	(49,899)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(1,477)	(9,566)
Net loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016)	(4,996,358)	(49,899)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion \| ¥			(7,957,640)	(2,435,366)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016)	(12,953,998)	(2,485,265)
Net loss	(1,449,192)	(9,387,582)	(4,996,358)	(49,899)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	182,538	1,182,445	(121,612)	(137,921)
Net change in unrealized gains/ (losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	(36,872)	(238,852)	71,286	96,501
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	33,380	216,230	(57,181)	(73,277)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	(3,492)	(22,622)	14,105	23,224
Total other comprehensive income/ (loss)	179,046	1,159,823	(107,507)	(114,697)
Total comprehensive loss	(1,270,146)	(8,227,759)	(5,103,865)	(164,596)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(1,289)	(8,352)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	$ (1,268,857)	¥ (8,219,407)	¥ (5,103,865)	¥ (164,596)
Net loss per share
Basic \| (per share)	$ (0.53)	¥ (3.43)	¥ (5.35)	¥ (1.47)
Diluted \| (per share)	$ (0.53)	¥ (3.43)	¥ (5.35)	¥ (1.47)
Weighted average number of shares
Basic \| shares	2,735,034,034	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247	1,694,495,048
Diluted \| shares	2,735,034,034	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247	1,694,495,048
Share-based compensation expenses \| ¥		¥ (1,193,945)	¥ (4,249,548)	¥ (261,173)
Fulfillment
Weighted average number of shares
Share-based compensation expenses	$ (28,518)	(184,733)	(128,623)	(81,013)
Marketing
Weighted average number of shares
Share-based compensation expenses	(7,733)	(50,091)	(23,570)	(8,741)
Technology and content
Weighted average number of shares
Share-based compensation expenses	(36,149)	(234,165)	(79,469)	(33,269)
General and administrative
Weighted average number of shares
Share-based compensation expenses	$ (111,914)	¥ (724,956)	¥ (4,017,886)	¥ (138,150)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Parenthetical) - CNY (¥)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Unrealized gains/(losses), tax	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, tax	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (1,449,192)	¥ (9,387,582)	¥ (4,996,358)	¥ (49,899)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	404,313	2,619,061	1,650,533	293,141
Share-based compensation	184,314	1,193,945	4,249,548	261,173
Allowance for doubtful accounts	64,953	420,750	74,332	(107)
Loss from disposal of property, equipment and software	1,191	7,714	26,043	22,726
Non-cash marketing services contributed by certain shareholder				24,682
Deferred income tax	(6,574)	(42,584)	(4,169)	(40)
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	424,547	2,750,129
Impairment of investments accounted for under cost method and available-for-sale securities	94,339	611,108
Gain from the sales of investments	(233)	(1,507)
Share of results of equity investees	483,850	3,134,283	(638)	309
Foreign exchange (gains)/losses	8,860	57,395	28,980	(92,761)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,141,657)	(7,395,424)	(2,004,884)	(22,844)
Restricted cash	(166,203)	(1,076,628)	(689,499)	577,743
Inventories	(1,288,817)	(8,348,700)	(5,804,688)	(1,632,326)
Loan receivables	(356,082)	(2,306,631)	(125,935)
Advance to suppliers	(2,780)	(18,010)	(160,203)	(660,000)
Prepayments and other current assets	38,963	252,397	(1,210,697)	(59,684)
Amount due from related parties	(62,181)	(402,795)	(412,314)
Other non-current assets	(180,687)	(1,170,454)	(66,485)	(78,644)
Accounts payable	2,024,311	13,113,084	4,902,844	2,687,361
Advance from customers	387,049	2,507,225	2,611,035	1,158,745
Deferred revenues	(72,988)	(472,800)	(65,725)	103,258
Taxes payable	(20,524)	(132,949)	(42,615)	112,951
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	340,775	2,207,476	2,988,499	928,920
Amount due to related parties	10,798	69,946	67,412	(4,885)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(279,655)	(1,811,551)	1,015,016	3,569,819
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments	(775,263)	(5,022,000)	(19,104,408)	(9,966,200)
Maturity of short-term investments	2,566,553	16,625,621	7,853,607	9,166,200
Changes of deposits for capital verification			545,000	(545,000)
Purchases of investment securities	(175,891)	(1,139,386)	(421,133)
Prepayments and investments in equity investees	(1,104,818)	(7,156,789)	(434,585)	(35,133)
Cash received from disposal of investment in equity investees				1,162
Purchase of property, equipment and software	(436,387)	(2,826,830)	(1,424,534)	(439,881)
Cash paid for construction in progress	(237,830)	(1,540,615)	(1,036,513)	(737,411)
Purchase of intangible assets	(1,012)	(6,556)	(17,935)	(10,237)
Purchase of land use rights	(142,912)	(925,758)	(423,084)	(104,552)
Cash received from/ (paid for) business combination, net of cash acquired (Note 7)	(44,821)	(290,339)	1,260,337
Net cash used in investing activities	(352,381)	(2,282,652)	(13,203,248)	(2,671,052)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net			17,447,653	2,720,076
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares upon exercising of share-based awards	11,688	75,713
Capital injection from non-controlling interest	22,567	146,185
Proceeds from short-term bank loans	751,955	4,871,004	1,890,771	940,216
Repayment of short-term bank loans	(575,222)	(3,726,171)	(946,396)	(865,108)
Proceeds from nonrecourse securitization debt	514,610	3,333,542
Net cash provided by financing activities	725,598	4,700,273	18,392,028	2,795,184
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	52,973	343,147	(101,484)	(58,906)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	146,535	949,217	6,102,312	3,635,045
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,611,171	16,914,651	10,812,339	7,177,294
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	2,757,706	17,863,868	16,914,651	10,812,339
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Cash paid for income taxes	(3,584)	(23,219)	(9,807)	(251)
Cash paid for interest	(9,632)	(62,396)	(27,268)	(8,437)
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares			15,474,994	¥ 38,176
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with Tencent Transactions, net			11,644,310
Certain time deposits pledged for short-term bank loan			¥ 2,000,000
Equity investments obtained through commitment of future services	$ 592,629	¥ 3,838,933

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Ordinary shares Series A and A-1 convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Ordinary shares Series B convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Ordinary shares Series C Preferred Shares CNY (¥) shares	Ordinary shares CNY (¥) shares	Treasury stock CNY (¥) shares	Preferred Shares Series A and A-1 convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Preferred Shares Series B convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Additional paid-in capital Series A and A-1 convertible preferred shares CNY (¥)	Additional paid-in capital Series B convertible preferred shares CNY (¥)	Additional paid-in capital Series C Preferred Shares CNY (¥)	Additional paid-in capital CNY (¥)	Statutory reserves CNY (¥)	Accumulated other comprehensive loss CNY (¥)	Accumulated Deficit CNY (¥)	Non-controlling interests CNY (¥)	Series C Preferred Shares CNY (¥)	USD ($)	CNY (¥)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2012				¥ 182	¥ (7,781)	¥ 255,850	¥ 126,417				¥ 5,654,991	¥ 1,838	¥ (153,921)	¥ (4,212,915)				¥ 1,664,661
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2012 \| shares				1,358,540,331	(38,083,486)	191,894,000	84,786,405
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of ordinary shares				¥ 14							2,720,062							2,720,076
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares				119,145,642	(9,960,005)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion											(2,435,366)							(2,435,366)
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares				¥ 3			¥ (38,176)				34,108		4,065
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares				25,247,161			(25,247,161)
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards					¥ 7,781						253,392							261,173
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					8,764,449
Net loss														(49,899)				(49,899)
Foreign currency translation adjustment													(141,986)					(141,986)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sale securities													23,224					23,224
Non-cash marketing services contributed by certain shareholder											24,682							24,682
Statutory reserves												810		(810)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2013				¥ 199		¥ 255,850	¥ 88,241				6,251,869	2,648	(268,618)	(4,263,624)				2,066,565
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2013 \| shares				1,502,933,134	(39,279,042)	191,894,000	59,539,244
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of ordinary shares				¥ 80							29,091,883							29,091,963
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares				657,292,997
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares reserved for future exercise of share-based awards				¥ 4	¥ (4)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion											(7,957,640)							(7,957,640)
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares	¥ 24	¥ 7	¥ 32			¥ (255,850)	¥ (88,241)	¥ 255,826	¥ 88,234	¥ 15,130,871						¥ 15,130,903
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares	191,894,000	59,539,244	258,316,305			(191,894,000)	(59,539,244)
Exercise of share-based awards											20,593							20,593
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					849,844
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards				¥ 12							4,249,536							4,249,548
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares				93,780,970	6,390,905
Net loss														(4,996,358)				(4,996,358)
Foreign currency translation adjustment													(121,612)					(121,612)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sale securities													14,105					14,105
Statutory reserves												12,361		(12,361)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014				¥ 358	¥ (4)						47,131,172	15,009	(376,125)	(9,272,343)				37,498,067
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014 \| shares				2,793,756,650	(62,038,293)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares reserved for future exercise of share-based awards ( in shares) \| shares				30,000,000	(30,000,000)
Exercise of share-based awards					¥ 1						68,009							68,010
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					2,694,404
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards											1,193,945							1,193,945
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					7,577,725
Net loss														(9,378,016)	¥ (9,566)		$ (1,449,192)	(9,387,582)
Foreign currency translation adjustment													1,181,231		1,214			1,182,445
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sale securities													(22,622)				(3,492)	(22,622)
Statutory reserves												40,551		(40,551)
Capital injection from non-controlling interests															146,185			146,185
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015				¥ 358	¥ (3)						¥ 48,393,126	¥ 55,560	¥ 782,484	¥ (18,690,910)	¥ 137,833		$ 4,735,937	¥ 30,678,448
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015 \| shares				2,793,756,650	(51,766,164)	0	0

Principal activities and organization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Principal activities and organization

Principal activities and organization

1.Principal activities and organization

JD.com, Inc. (the “Company”, formerly known as 360buy Jingdong Inc. and Starwave Investments Holdings Limited), through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and VIEs’ subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”) serves consumers through its retail website www.jd.com and focuses on selection, price and convenience. The Group also offers programs that enable third party sellers to sell their products on its website and to fulfill the orders either by the sellers or through the Group (known as “online marketplace”). The Group’s principal operations and geographic markets are in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s major subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are as follows:

	Equity interest held		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition
Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Century Trade Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Century”)	100	%	Beijing, China, April 2007
Guangzhou Jingdong Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Guangzhou, China, July 2007
Shanghai Yuanmai Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, August 2007
Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Jiangsu, China, June 2009
Chengdu Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd. (“Chengdu Century”)	100	%	Chengdu, China, December 2009
Beijing Jingdong Century Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2010
Wuhan Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Wuhan, China, February 2011
Shanghai Shengdayuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Shengdayuan”)	100	%	Shanghai, China, April 2011
Jingdong E-Commerce (Express) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, August 2011
Jingdong Technology Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, November 2011
Shenyang Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shenyang, China, January 2012
Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, January 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Logistics) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
JD.com International Limited	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Shangke”)	100	%	Beijing, China, March 2012
Tianjin Star East Co., Ltd.	100	%	Tianjin, China, April 2012
Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, August 2012
Shanghai Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, December 2013
Chongqing Jingdong Haijia E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Chongqing Haijia”)	100	%	Chongqing, China, June 2014
Beijing Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2014

	Economic interest held		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition

VIEs
Beijing Jingdong 360 Degree E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong 360”)	100	%	Beijing, China, April 2007
Fortune Rising Holdings Ltd. (“Fortune Rising”)	100	%	British Virgin Islands, May 2008
Jiangsu Yuanzhou E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Yuanzhou”)	100	%	Jiangsu, China, September 2010
Suqian Limao Donghong Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Suqian Limao”)	100	%	Jiangsu, China, December 2015

VIEs’ Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Shangboguangyi Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Shangboguangyi”)	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2012
Chinabank Payment Business Services Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment”)	100	%	Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Chinabank Payment Technology Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment Technology”)	100	%	Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Shanghai Banghui Commercial Factoring Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, June 2013

Organization

The Company was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) in November 2006 and was re-domiciled in the Cayman Islands in January 2014 as an exempted company registered under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and was renamed as JD.com, Inc.

In April 2007 and April 2011, the Company established Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan as wholly foreign-owned enterprises in the PRC, respectively. In April 2007, September 2010 and December 2015, Jingdong 360, Jiangsu Yuanzhou and Suqian Limao were incorporated in the PRC, respectively. The paid-in capital of these entities were funded by the Company, and they were established to facilitate the Group’s operation and business expansion plans and comply with the PRC laws and regulations which prohibit or restrict foreign ownership of the companies where the PRC operating licenses are required. By entering into a series of agreements, Jingdong 360 and Jiangsu Yuanzhou became VIEs of Jingdong Century and Suqian Limao became a VIE of Shanghai Shengdayuan. Consequently, Jingdong Century became the primary beneficiary of Jingdong 360 and Jiangsu Yuanzhou, and Shanghai Shengdayuan became the primary beneficiary of Suqian Limao.

In May 2008, Fortune Rising, a BVI incorporated company and a consolidated variable interest entity of the Group, was established by the Group to facilitate the adoption of the Company’s stock incentive plans.

Variable interest entities

In order to comply with the PRC laws and regulations which prohibit or restrict foreign control of companies involved in provision of internet content and other restricted businesses, the Group operates its website and other restricted businesses in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members of the Company (“Nominee Shareholders”). The Company obtained control over these PRC domestic companies by entering into a series of Contractual Arrangements with these PRC domestic companies and their respective Nominee Shareholders. These contractual agreements include loan agreements, exclusive purchase option agreements, exclusive technology consulting and services agreements, intellectual property rights license agreement, equity pledge agreements, powers of attorney, business cooperation agreements and business operation agreements. These contractual agreements can be extended at the relevant PRC subsidiaries’ options prior to the expiration date. As a result, the Company maintains the ability to control these PRC domestic companies, is entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits from these PRC domestic companies and is obligated to absorb expected losses of these PRC domestic companies. Management concluded that these PRC domestic companies are VIEs of the Company, of which the Company is the ultimate primary beneficiary. As such, the Group consolidated financial results of these PRC domestic companies and their subsidiaries in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 2(b) to the consolidated financial statements for the principles of consolidation.

The following is a summary of the contractual agreements (collectively, “Contractual Agreements”) that the Company, through Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan, entered into with the VIEs and their Nominee Shareholders:

 Loan agreements

Pursuant to the relevant loan agreements, the relevant PRC subsidiaries have granted interest-free loans to the relevant Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs with the sole purpose of providing funds necessary for the capital injection to the relevant VIEs. The loans for initial and subsequent capital injections are eliminated with the capital of the relevant VIEs during consolidation. The relevant PRC subsidiaries can require the Nominee Shareholders to settle the loan amount with the equity interests of relevant VIEs, subject to any applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. The loan agreements are renewable upon expiration.

 Exclusive purchase option agreements

The Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs have granted the relevant PRC subsidiaries the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase from the Nominee Shareholders, to the extent permitted under PRC laws and regulations, part or all of the equity interests in these entities for a purchase price equal to the lowest price permitted by PRC laws and regulations. The relevant PRC subsidiaries may exercise such option at any time. In addition, the VIEs and their Nominee Shareholders agree that without prior written consent of the relevant PRC subsidiaries, they will not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividend.

 Exclusive technology consulting and services agreements

The relevant PRC subsidiaries and relevant VIEs entered into exclusive technology consulting and services agreements under which relevant VIEs engage the relevant PRC subsidiaries as their exclusive provider of technical platform and technical support, maintenance and other services. The VIEs shall pay to the relevant PRC subsidiaries service fees determined based on the volume and market price of the service provided. The relevant PRC subsidiaries shall exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreements. During the term of the agreements, relevant VIEs may not enter into any agreement with third parties for the provision of identical or similar services without prior consent of the relevant PRC subsidiaries.

 Intellectual property rights license agreement

Pursuant to the intellectual property rights license agreement, Jingdong Century grants Jingdong 360 non-exclusive rights to use certain software products, trademarks, website, copyrights, and domain names developed or owned by Jingdong Century within the scope of internet information service operation of Jingdong 360 and in the territory of PRC. Jingdong 360 agrees to pay license fees to Jingdong Century and the amount of the license fee is at least RMB10 per year, subject to annual evaluation and adjustment.

 Equity pledge agreements

Pursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs have pledged all of their equity interests in relevant VIEs to the relevant PRC subsidiaries as collateral for all of their payments due to the relevant PRC subsidiaries and to secure their obligations under the above agreements. The Nominee Shareholders may not transfer or assign the equity interests, the rights and obligations in the equity pledge agreements or create or permit to create any pledges which may have an adverse effect on the rights or benefits of the relevant PRC subsidiaries without the relevant PRC subsidiaries’ preapproval. The relevant PRC subsidiaries are entitled to transfer or assign in full or in part the equity interests pledged. In the event of default, the relevant PRC subsidiaries as the pledgee, will be entitled to request immediate repayment of the loans or to dispose of the pledged equity interests through transfer or assignment. The equity pledge agreements will expire on the second anniversary of the date when the Nominee Shareholders have completed all their obligations under the above agreements unless otherwise terminated earlier by the relevant PRC subsidiaries.

 Power of attorney

Pursuant to the irrevocable power of attorney, each of the Nominee Shareholders appointed any person designated by the relevant PRC subsidiaries as their attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights under PRC law and the relevant articles of association, including but not limited to, voting on their behalf on all matters requiring shareholder approval, disposing of all or part of the Nominee Shareholders’ equity interests, and electing, appointing or removing directors and the general manager of the VIEs. Each power of attorney will remain in force during the period when the Nominee Shareholders continues to be shareholders of the VIEs. Each Nominee Shareholders has waived all the rights which have been authorized to the person designated by the relevant PRC subsidiaries under each power of attorney.

 Business cooperation agreement

Pursuant to the business cooperation agreement, Jingdong 360 agrees to provide to Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan services, including operating the Group’s website, posting Jingdong Century’s and Shanghai Shengdayuan’s product and service information on the website, transmitting the users’ order and transaction information to Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan, processing user data and transactions in collaboration with banks and payment agents and other services reasonably requested by Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan. Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan agree to pay service fees to Jingdong 360 on a quarterly basis. The service fee should be 105% of Jingdong 360’s operating costs incurred in the previous quarter, but in no event more than RMB20 per quarter.

 Business operation agreements

Pursuant to the business operation agreements, the relevant Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs must appoint the candidates nominated by the relevant PRC subsidiaries to be the directors on their board of directors in accordance with applicable laws and the articles of association of VIEs, and must cause the persons recommended by the relevant PRC subsidiaries to be appointed as their general manager, chief financial officer and other senior executives.

 Risks in relations to the VIE structure

In the opinion of management, the relevant PRC subsidiaries’ Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs and the Nominee Shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally binding and enforceable. The Nominee Shareholders are also shareholders or nominees of shareholders of the Company and therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the Contractual Arrangements. However, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations including those that govern the Group’s Contractual Arrangements, which could limit the Group’s ability to enforce these Contractual Arrangements and if the Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs were to reduce their interests in the Company, their interest may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the Contractual Arrangements. The Company’s ability to control the VIEs also depends on the power of attorney the relevant PRC subsidiaries have to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. As noted above, the Company believes these power of attorney are legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership. In addition, if the Group’s corporate structure and the Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs through which the Group conducts its business in PRC were found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws and regulations, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities could:

revoke or refuse to grant or renew the Group’s business and operating licenses;

restrict or prohibit related party transactions between the relevant PRC subsidiaries and their subsidiaries, the VIEs;

impose fines, confiscate income or other requirements which the Group may find difficult or impossible to comply with;

require the Group to alter the corporate structure operations; and

restrict or prohibit the Group’s ability to finance its operations.

The imposition of any of these government actions could result in a material adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct its operations. In such case, the Group may not be able to operate or control the VIEs, which may result in deconsolidation of the VIEs in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the likelihood for the Company to lose such ability is remote based on current facts and circumstances. The Company’s operations depend on the VIEs to honor their contractual agreements with the Company. These agreements are governed by PRC law and disputes arising out of these agreements are expected to be decided by arbitration in China. The management believes that each of the Contractual Agreements constitutes valid and legally binding obligations of each party to such contractual agreements under PRC Laws. However, the interpretation and implementation of the laws and regulations in the PRC and their application to an effect on the legality, binding effect and enforceability of contracts are subject to the discretion of competent PRC authorities, and therefore there is no assurance that relevant PRC authorities will take the same position as the Group herein in respect of the legality, binding effect and enforceability of each of the Contractual Agreements. Meanwhile, since the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to the Company to enforce the Contractual Arrangements should the VIEs or the Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs fail to perform their obligations under those arrangements.

The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and changes in cash and cash equivalents of the VIEs and their subsidiaries taken as a whole, which were included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated:

			As of December 31,
			2014		2015
			RMB		RMB
Total assets			3,784,170		12,369,251
Total liabilities			4,180,518		12,705,021

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Total net revenues	2,023,143		3,431,134		4,637,086
Net loss	(206,144	)	(41,228	)	(293,862	)

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(144,315	)	1,450,744		1,394,182
Net cash used in investing activities	(22,659	)	(494,633	)	(169,549	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	262,270		438,891		610,194

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	95,296		1,395,002		1,834,827
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	238,082		333,378		1,728,380

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	333,378		1,728,380		3,563,207

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the total assets of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries were mainly consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, prepayments and other current assets, property, equipment and software and intangible assets. As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the total liabilities of the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries were mainly consisting of short-term bank loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and liabilities to the Group’s other subsidiaries. These balances have been reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated.

In accordance with the Contractual Agreements, the relevant PRC subsidiaries have the power to direct activities of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, and can have assets transferred out of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries. Therefore, the relevant PRC subsidiaries consider that there is no asset in the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries that can be used only to settle their obligations except for registered capitals of the Group’s VIEs amounting to RMB304,320 as of December 31, 2015. As the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are incorporated as limited liability companies under the PRC Company Law, the creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the relevant PRC subsidiaries for all the liabilities of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries. The total shareholders’ deficit of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries was RMB396,348 and RMB335,770 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Currently there is no contractual arrangement that could require the relevant PRC subsidiaries or the Group to provide additional financial support to the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries. As the Group is conducting certain businesses in the PRC through the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, the Group may provide additional financial support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Group to a loss.

There is no VIE where the Company or any subsidiary has a variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary.

Summary of significant accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies

2.Summary of significant accounting policies

a.Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

b.Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries for which the Company is the ultimate primary beneficiary. Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power; or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors.

A VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiaries, through Contractual Arrangements, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with, ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiary of the entity.

All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

c.Non-controlling interests

For the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, non-controlling interests are recognized to reflect the portion of their equity that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company as the controlling shareholder. Non-controlling interests are classified as a separate line item in the equity section of the Group’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and have been separately disclosed in the Group’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss to distinguish the interests from that of the Company.

d.Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates are used for, but not limited to, sales returns, vendor and customer incentives, the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation arrangements, realization of deferred tax assets, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, assessment for impairment of long-lived assets, investment in equity investees, investment securities, intangible assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation for excess and obsolete inventories, lower of cost and market value of inventories, depreciable lives of property, equipment and software, useful lives of intangible assets and redemption value of the redeemable preferred shares. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

e.Foreign currency translation

The Group’s reporting currency is Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Group’s entities incorporated in Cayman Islands, British Virgin Islands (“BVI”), Hong Kong (“HK”), Singapore and The United States of America is the United States dollars (“US$”). The functional currency of the Group’s entities incorporated in The Republic of Indonesia is the Indonesian rupiah (“IDR”). The Group’s PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries determined their functional currency to be RMB. The determination of the respective functional currency is based on the criteria of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters.

Transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currency are translated into functional currency at the exchange rates quoted by authoritative banks prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from those foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded as a component of others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Total exchange gains were RMB92,761 for the years ended December 31 2013, and total exchange losses were RMB28,980 and RMB57,395 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

The financial statements of the Group are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in current period are translated into RMB at the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB using the periodic average exchange rates. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity. Total foreign currency translation adjustments to the Group’s comprehensive income were a loss of RMB137,921, a loss of RMB121,612 and a gain of RMB1,182,445 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. The grant-date fair value of the Group’s share-based awards is reported in US$ as the respective valuation is conducted on US$ basis.

f.Convenience translation

Translations of balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows from RMB into US$ as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB6.4778, representing the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 31, 2015. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2015, or at any other rate.

g.Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, time deposits, as well as highly liquid investments, some of which are subject to certain penalty as to early withdrawal, which have original maturities of three months or less.

h.Restricted cash

Cash that is restricted as to withdrawal for use or pledged as security is reported separately on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and is not included in the total cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Group’s restricted cash mainly represents (a) secured deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance and letter of guarantee; and (b) time deposits that are pledged for short-term bank loans.

i.Short-term investments

Short-term investments include wealth management products, which are certain deposits with variable interest rates or principal not-guaranteed with certain financial institutions. The Group classifies the wealth management products as “available-for-sale” securities. These investments were recorded at fair market value with the unrealized gains or losses recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity. Realized gains are reflected as a component of interest income.

In addition, short-term investments are also comprised of time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year.

The Group assesses whether there are any other-than-temporary impairment to its short-term investments due to declines in fair value or other market conditions. Declines in fair values that are considered other-than-temporary are recorded as an impairment loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. No impairment losses in relation to its short-term investments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

j.Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net mainly represents amounts due from customers and online payment channels, are recorded net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Group considers many factors in assessing the collectability of its accounts receivable, such as, the age of the amounts due, the customer’s payment history, credit-worthiness, financial conditions of the customers and industry trend. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. The Group also makes specific allowance if there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable is likely to be unrecoverable. Accounts receivable balances are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. The accounts receivable with the collection period over one year was classified into other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

k.Inventories, net

Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated market value due to slow-moving merchandise and damaged goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased, but has arrangements to return unsold goods with certain vendors. Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The Group also provides fulfillment-related services in connection with the Group’s online marketplace. Third-party sellers maintain ownership of their inventories and therefore these products are not included in the Group’s inventories.

l.Loan receivables, net

Loan receivables consist primarily of micro loans services to small and medium size enterprises that are merchants on the Group’s online marketplace and qualified individual customers as well. Such amounts are recorded at the principal amount less allowance for doubtful accounts relating to micro loans, and include accrued interest receivable as of the balance sheet date. Allowance for doubtful accounts relating to micro loans represents the Group’s best estimate of the losses inherent in the outstanding portfolio of loans. The loan periods extended by the Group to the merchants and the individual customers generally range from 1 day to 6 months. Judgment is required to determine the allowance amounts and whether such amounts are adequate to cover potential bad debts, and periodic reviews are performed to ensure such amounts continue to reflect the best estimate of the losses inherent in the outstanding portfolio of loans. As of December 31, 2015, allowance for doubtful accounts relating to micro loans was insignificant.

m.Property, equipment and software, net

Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Property, equipment and software are depreciated at rates sufficient to write off their costs less impairment and residual value, if any, over the estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Category		Estimated Useful lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Office equipment		5 years
Vehicles		5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment		5 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software		3-5 years
Building		40 years
Building improvement		5-10 years

Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and betterment that extends the useful lives of property, equipment and software are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Retirements, sales and disposals of assets are recorded by removing the costs, accumulated depreciation and impairment with any resulting gain or loss recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

n.Construction in progress

Direct costs that are related to the construction of property, equipment and software and incurred in connection with bringing the assets to their intended use are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress is transferred to specific property, equipment and software items and the depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the balances of construction in progress were RMB1,928,899 and RMB1,266,992, which were primarily relating to the construction of office buildings and warehouses.

o.Land use rights, net

Land use rights are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives which are generally 40-70 years and represent the shorter of the estimated usage periods or the terms of the agreements.

p.Intangible assets, net

Domain name and copyrights

Domain name and copyrights purchased from third parties are initially recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic useful lives of approximately ten years and two to five years, respectively.

Intangible assets arising from business combination

The Group performs valuation of the intangible assets arising from business combination to determine the relative fair value to be assigned to each asset acquired. The acquired intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value and are expensed or amortized using the straight-line approach over the estimated economic useful life of the assets.

q.Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination.

Goodwill is not depreciated or amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, and in between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could indicate that the asset might be impaired. In accordance with the FASB guidance on “Testing of Goodwill for Impairment,” a company first has the option to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the company decides, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is mandatory. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of each reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and the carrying amount of goodwill will be recorded. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. The judgment in estimating the fair value of reporting units includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and making other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit.

r.Investment in equity investees

Investment in equity investees represents the Company’s investments in privately held companies and publicly traded companies. The Company applies the equity method of accounting to account for an equity investment, in common stock or in-substance common stock, according to ASC 323 “Investment—Equity Method and Joint Ventures”, over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control.

An investment in in-substance common stock is an investment in an entity that has risk and reward characteristics that are substantially similar to that entity’s common stock. The Company considers subordination, risks and rewards of ownership and obligation to transfer value when determining whether an investment in an entity is substantially similar to an investment in that entity’s common stock.

For other equity investments that are not considered as debt securities or equity securities that have readily determinable fair values and over which the Company has neither significant influence nor control through investments in common stock or in-substance common stock, the cost method of accounting is used.

Under the equity method, the Company’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the equity investees are recorded in share of results of equity investees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and its share of post-acquisition movements in accumulated other comprehensive income is recognized in shareholders’ equity. The Company records its share of the results of equity investments in publicly listed companies on a one quarter in arrears basis. The excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the underlying equity in net assets of the equity investee represents goodwill and intangible assets acquired. When the Company’s share of losses in the equity investee equals or exceeds its interest in the equity investee, the Company does not recognize further losses, unless the Company has incurred obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of the equity investee.

Under the cost method, the Company carries the investment at cost and recognizes income to the extent of dividends received from the distribution of the equity investee’s post-acquisition profits.

The Company continually reviews its investment in equity investees to determine whether a decline in fair value to below the carrying value is other-than-temporary. The primary factors the Company considers in its determination are the length of time that the fair value of the investment is below the Company’s carrying value; the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of the equity investee; and other company specific information such as recent financing rounds. If the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the carrying value of the equity investee is written down to fair value.

s.Investment securities

The Company invests in marketable equity securities to meet business objectives. These marketable securities are reported at fair value, classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities in investment securities. The treatment of a decline in the fair value of an individual security is based on whether the decline is other-than-temporary. The Company assesses its available-for-sale securities for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, its ability and intent to hold the individual security, severity of the impairment, expected duration of the impairment and forecasted recovery of fair value. Investments classified as available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses, if any, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity. If the Company determines a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the individual security is written down to fair value as a new cost basis and the amount of the write-down is accounted for as a realized loss charged in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive loss. The fair value of the investment would not be adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value.

t.Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets.

u.Nonrecourse securitization debt

The Group periodically securitizes accounts receivables and loans arising from its consumer and supply chain financing businesses through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles. The securitization vehicles then issue debt securities to third-party investors, collateralized by the transferred assets. The asset-backed debt securities issued by the securitization vehicles are nonrecourse to the Group and are payable only out of collections on their respective underlying collateralized assets. The securitization vehicles are considered consolidated variable interest entities based upon the applicable accounting guidance, and the asset-backed debt securities issued by the securitization vehicles are reported as current and non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on their respective expected repayment dates. While the contractual maturity of the asset-backed debt securities is in 2019, the securities are repaid as collections on the underlying collateralized assets occur. As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the collateralized accounts receivables and loans were nil and RMB4,320,000, respectively. The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding nonrecourse securitization debt as of December 31, 2015 was approximately 5.30%.

v.Fair value

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurement for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The Company measures certain financial assets, including the investments under the cost method and equity method on other-than-temporary basis, intangible assets, goodwill and fixed assets are marked to fair value when an impairment charge is recognized.

Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

w.Revenue

Consistent with the criteria of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, the Group recognizes revenues when the following four revenue recognition criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the selling price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

In accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, the Group evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. When the Group is primarily obligated in a transaction, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, or has several but not all of these indicators, revenues should be recorded on a gross basis. When the Group is not the primary obligor, doesn’t bear the inventory risk and doesn’t have the ability to establish the price, revenues are recorded on a net basis.

Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units of accounting and arrangement considerations are allocated using estimated selling prices if the Group does not have vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of the selling prices of the deliverables.

The Group recognizes revenue net of discounts and return allowances when the products are delivered and title passes to customers. Return allowances, which reduce net revenues, are estimated based on historical experiences.

The Group also sells prepaid cards which can be redeemed to purchase products on the website www.jd.com. The cash collected from the sales of prepaid cards is initially recorded in advance from customers in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently recognized as revenues upon the sales of the respective products through redemption of prepaid cards are completed.

Revenue is recorded net of value-added taxes, business taxes and related surcharges.

Online Direct Sales

The Group primarily sells electronics and home appliance products and general merchandise products through online direct sales. The Group recognizes the revenues from the online direct sales on a gross basis as the Group is primarily obligated in these transactions, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, or has met several but not all of these indicators. Revenues from the sales of electronics and home appliance products were RMB56,814,078, RMB90,890,026 and RMB134,346,243, and revenues from the sales of general merchandise products were RMB10,203,899, RMB17,659,232 and RMB33,374,741, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Services and Others

The revenues of services and others primarily consist of commission fees charged to third-party sellers for participating in the Group’s online marketplace, where the Group generally is not the primary obligor, does not bear the inventory risk, does not have the ability to establish the price or control the related shipping services when utilized by the online marketplace merchants. Upon successful sales at www.jd.com, the Group will charge the third-party sellers a negotiated amount or a fixed rate commission fee based on the sales amount. Commission fee revenues are recognized on a net basis at the point of delivery of products, net of return allowance.

The Group also provides online marketing services to merchants and suppliers on its various website channels and third party marketing affiliate’s websites, including but not limited to advertising placements such as banners, links, logos and buttons, and pay for performance marketing services on which merchants and suppliers are charged based on effective click on their products or service listings. The Group recognizes revenues from advertising placements ratably over the period during which the advertising services were provided or on the number of times that the advertisement has been displayed based on cost per thousand impressions, and recognizes revenues from pay for performance marketing services based on effective clicks. Advertising arrangements involving multiple deliverables are allocated into single-element arrangements based on their relative selling price in the absence of both vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence, and the related revenue is recognized over the period during which the element is provided. Significant assumptions and estimates have been made in estimating the relative selling price of each single-element, and changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the timing of advertising revenue recognition. The Group did not enter into material advertising-for-advertising barter transactions, or any other types of barter transactions.

The Group earns transaction fees from processing transactions for online payment customers. Revenues resulting from these transactions are recognized when transactions are completed. Transaction fee is charged based on certain criteria (such as account type and volume of payments received per month) for funds they receive.

The Group offers comprehensive customer services, primarily include 7*24 hours customer service to respond to customer post-sales requests, return and exchange service to facilitate customer’s return, exchange and repair of defective goods. These services are free of charge. The Group also provides return/exchange logistic service to the customers, of which the revenues recognized was not material for the periods presented.

x.Customer incentives and loyalty programs

The Group provides two types of discounted coupons, referred to as D Coupons and J Coupons, for free to its customers to incentivize purchase.

D Coupons are given to a customer upon their current purchase or can be given for free to promote future purchases. This coupon requires the customer to make future purchase of a minimum value in order to enjoy the value provided by the coupon. The right to purchase discounted products in the future is not considered an element of an arrangement within the scope of the multiple-element arrangements guidance in ASC 605, as the right does not represent a significant and incremental discount to the customer. The Group assesses the significance of the discount by considering its percentage of the total future minimum purchase value, historical usage pattern by the customers and relative outstanding volume and monetary value of D Coupons compared to the other discounts offered by the Group. D Coupons are accounted for as a reduction of revenue on the future purchase.

J Coupons are given to a customer that has made a qualified purchase and is to be used on a future purchase, with no limitation as to the minimum value of the future purchase. Accordingly, the Group has determined that J Coupons awarded during a purchase activity are considered an element of an arrangement within the scope of ASC 605-25, as the J Coupons represent a significant and incremental discount to the customer. Therefore, the delivered products and the J Coupons awarded are treated as separate unit of accounting. The selling price of the J Coupons awarded is generally determined by management’s best estimate of the selling price in the absence of both vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence. The amount allocated to the J Coupons is deferred and recognized when the J Coupons are redeemed or at the coupon’s expiration, whichever occurs first. J Coupons have an expiration of one year after issuance. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the amount of expired J Coupons was not material.

Registered customers may also earn loyalty points or J Beans, which was launched in October 2013 based on certain activities performed on the Group’s website by the customers such as purchasing merchandise or reviewing their buying experiences. Customers may redeem the loyalty points for J Coupons or J Beans to be used for future purchase of selected items without minimum purchase requirements. The Group considers loyalty points and J Beans awarded from sales of products and reviewing buying experiences to be part of its revenue generating activities, and such arrangements are considered to have multiple elements. Therefore, the sales consideration is allocated to the products and loyalty points or J Beans based on the relative selling price of the products and loyalty points or J Beans awarded. Consideration allocated to the loyalty points or J Beans is initially recorded as deferred revenues, and recognized as revenues when the J Coupons for which the loyalty points are redeemed are used, or when J Beans are used or expired. In October 2014, the Group terminated its loyalty points program and transferred all of the loyalty points to J Beans for the customers. J Beans will expire at the subsequent year end after issuance. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the amount of expired J Beans was not material.

y.Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues consists of purchase price of products, inbound shipping charges, write-downs of inventory and traffic acquisition costs related to online marketing services. Shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are included in the inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of the products to the customers. Payment processing and related transaction costs, including those associated with the sales transactions as well as packaging material costs, are classified in fulfillment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

z.Rebates and subsidies

The Group periodically receives considerations from certain vendors, representing rebates for products sold and subsidies for the sales of the vendors’ products over a period of time. The rebates are not sufficiently separable from the Group’s purchase of the vendors’ products and they do not represent a reimbursement of costs incurred by the Group to sell vendors’ products. The Group accounts for the rebates received from its vendors as a reduction to the prices it pays for the products purchased and therefore the Group records such amounts as a reduction of cost of revenues when recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Rebates are earned upon reaching minimum purchase thresholds for a specified period. When volume rebates can be reasonably estimated based on the Group’s past experiences and current forecasts, a portion of the rebates is recognized as the Group makes progress towards the purchase threshold. Subsidies are calculated based on the volume of products sold through the Group and are recorded as a reduction of cost of revenues when the sales have been completed and the amount is determinable.

aa.Fulfillment

Fulfillment costs represent packaging material costs and those costs incurred in outbound shipping, operating and staffing the Group’s fulfillment and customer service centers, including costs attributable to buying, receiving, inspecting and warehousing inventories; picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment; processing payment and related transaction costs and responding to inquiries from customers. Fulfillment costs also contain third party transaction fees, such as credit card processing and debit card processing fees. Shipping cost amounted to RMB2,068,781, RMB4,077,586 and RMB7,236,163 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

bb.Marketing

Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising costs and related expenses for personnel engaged in marketing and business development activities.

Advertising costs, which consist primarily of online advertising, offline television, movie and outdoor advertising, are expensed as incurred, and totaled RMB1,491,467, RMB2,780,642 and RMB5,721,216 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

cc.Technology and content

Technology and content expenses consist primarily of technology infrastructure expenses and payroll and related expenses for employees involved in platform development, category expansion, editorial content, buying and merchandising selection systems support, as well as costs associated with the compute, storage and telecommunications infrastructure for internal use that supports the Group’s web services. Technology and content expenses are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are recorded in “Technology and content” as incurred as the costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant.

dd.General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of payroll and related expenses for employees involved in general corporate functions, including accounting, finance, tax, legal and human relations; costs associated with use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation expenses, rental and other general corporate related expenses.

ee.Share-based compensation

The Company grants non-vested ordinary shares, restricted share units (“RSUs”) and share options to eligible employees, non-employee consultants and the Founder of the Company and accounts for these share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation — Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50 Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.

Employees’ share-based awards and the Founder’s share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses a) immediately at grant date if no vesting conditions are required; or b) using graded vesting method, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.

All transactions in which goods or services are received in exchange for equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.

Non-employees’ share-based awards are measured at fair value at the earlier of the commitment date or the date the services are completed. Awards granted to non-employees are re-measured at each reporting date using the fair value as at each period end until the measurement date, generally when the services are completed and awards are vested. Changes in fair value between the reporting dates are recognized by graded vesting method.

If a share-based award is modified after the grant date, the Company evaluate for such modifications in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation — Stock Compensation and the modification is determined to be a probable-to-probable (Type 1) modification, additional compensation expenses are recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of the modified equity instrument over the fair value of the original equity instrument immediately before modification. The additional compensation expenses are recognized immediately on the date of modification or over the remaining requisite service period, depending on the vesting status of the award.

Prior to the Company’s initial public offering, the fair value of the non-vested ordinary shares and RSUs were assessed using the income approach/discounted cash flow method, with a discount for lack of marketability given that the shares underlying the awards were not publicly traded at the time of grant. This assessment required complex and subjective judgments regarding the Company’s projected financial and operating results, its unique business risks, the liquidity of its ordinary shares and its operating history and prospects at the time the grants were made. In addition, the binomial option-pricing model is used to measure the value of share options. The determination of the fair value is affected by the fair value of the ordinary shares as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility, actual and projected employee and non-employee share option exercise behavior, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield. Binomial option-pricing model incorporates the assumptions about grantees’ future exercise patterns. The fair value of these awards was determined with the assistance from an independent valuation firm using management’s estimates and assumptions.

After the Company’s initial public offering, in determining the fair value of the non-vested ordinary shares and RSUs granted, the closing market price of the underlying shares on the last trading date prior to the grant dates is applied. In determining the fair value of the non-vested ordinary shares and RSUs granted on May 22, 2014, the date when the Group’s ADSs first commenced trading on NASDAQ, the per share equivalent of the Company’s initial public offering price is applied.

Determination of estimated fair value of the Company’s subsidiaries before they were publicly listed requires complex and subjective judgments due to their limited financial and operating history, unique business risks and limited public information on companies in China similar to the Company’s subsidiaries. The Company, with the assistance of an independent valuation firm, evaluated the use of two generally accepted valuation approaches. The income approach is used if a revenue model had been established, the market approach is used if information from comparable companies had been available, or a weighted blend of these two approaches is used if more than one is applicable, to estimate the Company’s subsidiaries’ enterprise value for purposes of recording stock-based compensation.

The assumptions used in share-based compensation expense recognition represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and application of management judgment. If factors change or different assumptions are used, the share-based compensation expenses could be materially different for any period. Moreover, the estimates of fair value of the awards are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by grantees who receive share-based awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made by the Company for accounting purposes.

Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in the subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

ff.Income tax

Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. The Group follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Group records a valuation allowance to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the period of change.

The Group recognizes in its consolidated financial statements the benefit of a tax position if the tax position is “more likely than not” to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Group estimates its liability for unrecognized tax benefits which are periodically assessed and may be affected by changing interpretations of laws, rulings by tax authorities, changes and/or developments with respect to tax audits, and expiration of the statute of limitations. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in some cases, appeal or litigation process. The actual benefits ultimately realized may differ from the Group’s estimates. As each audit is concluded, adjustments, if any, are recorded in the Group’s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the audit is concluded. Additionally, in future periods, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Changes in recognition and measurement estimates are recognized in the period in which the changes occur. As of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.

gg.Leases

Each lease is classified at the inception date as either a capital lease or an operating lease. For the lessee, a lease is a capital lease if any of the following conditions exist: a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) there is a bargain purchase option, c) the lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life or d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased property to the leaser at the inception date. A capital lease is accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and an incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases. Payments made under operating lease are charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss on a straight-line basis over the terms of underlying lease. The Group has no capital leases for any of the periods presented.

hh.Comprehensive income/(loss)

Comprehensive income/(loss) is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive income/(loss) for the periods presented includes net loss, changes in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sales securities, foreign currency translation adjustments, and share of change in other comprehensive income of equity investments in publicly listed companies one quarter in arrears.

ii.Earnings/(Loss) per share

Basic earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income/(loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares, considering the accretions to redemption value of the preferred shares, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Diluted earnings/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders, as adjusted for the accretion and allocation of net income related to the preferred shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of shares issuable upon the conversion of the preferred shares using the if-converted method, unvested restricted shares, restricted share units and ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share options using the treasury stock method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.

jj.Segment reporting

The Group engages primarily in the sale of electronics and home appliance products and general merchandise products (including audio, video products and books) sourced from manufacturers, distributors and publishers in PRC on the internet through its website www.jd.com. The Group also operates its online marketplace under which third-party sellers sell products on the Group’s website to customers. The Group does not distinguish revenues, costs and expenses between segments in its internal reporting, and reports costs and expenses by nature as a whole. The Group’s chief operating decision maker, who has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, reviews the consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group as a whole and hence, the Group has only one reportable segment. The Group operates and manages its business as a single segment mainly through the provision of a single class of services for accelerating and improving the delivery of its products over the internet. The Group does not distinguish between markets or segments for the purpose of internal reports. As the Group’s long-lived assets are all located in the PRC and most of all the Group’s revenues are derived from the PRC, no geographical information is presented.

kk.Statutory reserves

The Company’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries established in the PRC are required to make appropriations to certain non-distributable reserve funds.

In accordance with the laws applicable to the Foreign Investment Enterprises established in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries registered as wholly-owned foreign enterprise have to make appropriations from their after-tax profits (as determined under generally accepted accounting principles in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) to reserve funds including general reserve fund, enterprise expansion fund and staff bonus and welfare fund. The appropriation to the general reserve fund must be at least 10% of the after-tax profits calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the general reserve fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the company. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff bonus and welfare fund are made at the respective company’s discretion.

In addition, in accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group’s VIE and VIEs subsidiaries, registered as Chinese domestic companies, must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as determined under the PRC GAAP to non-distributable reserve funds including statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be 10% of the after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the company. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the respective company.

The use of the general reserve fund, enterprise expansion fund, statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted to the offsetting of losses or increasing of the registered capital of the respective company. The staff bonus and welfare fund is a liability in nature and is restricted to fund payments of special bonus to employees and for the collective welfare of employees. None of these reserves are allowed to be transferred to the company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except under liquidation.

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, profit appropriation to statutory surplus fund for the Group’s entities incorporated in the PRC was approximately RMB810, RMB12,361 and RMB40,551 respectively. No appropriation to other reserve funds was made for any of the periods presented.

ll.Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)”, and requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of the revenue recognition guidance to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810) - Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis,” which provides guidance for reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. In accordance with ASU 2015-02, all legal entities are subject to reevaluation under the revised consolidation model. ASU 2015-02 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Group does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330),” which modifies the accounting for inventory. Under this ASU, the measurement principle for inventory will change from lower of cost or market value to lower of cost and net realizable value. The ASU defines net realizable value as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The ASU is effective for reporting periods after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Group does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income taxes (Topic 740),” which amends the accounting for income taxes and requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The ASU may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively. The Group does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which introduces a new lessee model that brings substantially all leases in the balance sheets. This standard will be effective for the Group beginning the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The Group is currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Concentration and risks	12 Months Ended
Concentration and risks	Dec. 31, 2015
Concentration and risks
Concentration and risks	3. Concentration and risks Concentration of customers and suppliers There are no customers or suppliers from whom revenues or purchases individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues or the total purchases of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Concentration of credit risk Assets that potentially subject the Group to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and short-term investments. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amounts as of the balance sheet dates. As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, all of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments were held by major financial institutions located in the PRC and Hong Kong which management believes are of high credit quality. On May 1, 2015, China’s new Deposit Insurance Regulation came into effect, pursuant to which banking financial institutions, such as commercial banks, established in China are required to purchase deposit insurance for deposits in RMB and in foreign currency placed with them. Such Deposit Insurance Regulation would not be effective in providing complete protection for the Group’s accounts, as its aggregate deposits is much higher than the compensation limit. However, the Group believes that the risk of failure of any of these PRC banks is remote. Bank failure is uncommon in China and the Group believes that those Chinese banks that hold the Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments are financially sound based on public available information. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers in the PRC. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by credit evaluations the Group performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring process of outstanding balances. Currency convertibility risk The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies. The Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments denominated in RMB that are subject to such government controls amounted to RMB9,054,762 and RMB12,630,577 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The value of RMB is subject to changes in the central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the PRC foreign exchange trading system market. In the PRC, certain foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”). Remittances in currencies other than RMB by the Group in the PRC must be processed through PBOC or other Chinese foreign exchange regulatory bodies which require certain supporting documentation in order to process the remittance. Foreign currency exchange rate risk In July 2005, the PRC government changed its decades-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar, and the RMB appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.

Restricted cash and restricted time deposit	12 Months Ended
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit	Dec. 31, 2015
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit	4. Restricted cash and restricted time deposit To meet the requirements of specific business operations, primarily including secured deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance, the Group held restricted cash of RMB1,038,286 and RMB2,114,913 as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015 respectively. Changes in the restricted cash balances associated with the bank acceptance are classified as cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as the Group considers restricted cash arising from these activities directly related to the Group’s ordinary business operations. To maintain guarantee balances at the bank as collaterals for the short-term bank loans of US$309,000 (see Note 16), the Group held restricted cash of RMB2,000,000 as of December 31, 2014, which was bank deposit with the original term of one year at the bank. Changes in the restricted cash balances associated with short-term bank loans are classified as cash flow from investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as the Group considers restricted cash arising from these activities similar to an investment.

Fair value measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement

5. Fair value measurement

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, information about inputs into the fair value measurement of the Group’s assets that are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is as follows:

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	December 31, 2014	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	4,323,900	—	4,323,900	—
Restricted cash	3,038,286	—	3,038,286	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	10,402,301	—	10,402,301	—
Wealth management products	1,759,342	—	1,759,342	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	434,118	434,118	—	—

Total assets	19,957,947	434,118	19,523,829	—

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	December 31, 2015	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	462,158	—	462,158	—
Restricted cash	2,114,913	—	2,114,913	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	28,501	—	28,501	—
Wealth management products	2,751,981	—	2,751,981	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	1,005,831	1,005,831	—	—

Total assets	6,363,384	1,005,831	5,357,553	—

When available, the Group uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of an asset or liability. If quoted market prices are not available, the Group will measure fair value using valuation techniques that use, when possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates and currency rates. Following is a description of the valuation techniques that the Group uses to measure the fair value of assets that the Group reports in its Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value on a recurring basis.

Cash equivalents

Time deposits. The Group values its time deposits held in certain bank accounts using quoted prices for securities with similar characteristics and other observable inputs, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash are valued based on the pervasive interest rate in the market, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

Short-term investments

Wealth management products. The Group values its wealth management products using alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs, and accordingly the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, gross unrealized gains of RMB24,344 and RMB1,981 were recorded on wealth management products, respectively. No impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Investment securities

Listed equity securities. The Group values its listed equity securities using quoted prices for the underlying securities in active markets, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1. The following table summaries the carrying value and fair value of the investment securities which are accounted for as available-for-sale securities:

	Cost Basis	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses		Provision for decline in value		Fair Value
	RMB	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB

December 31, 2014	421,133	14,512	(1,527	)	—		434,118

December 31, 2015	1,254,589	77,299	—		(326,057	)	1,005,831

On May 26, 2015, the Company invested in Kingdee International Software Group Company Limited (“Kingdee”) by subscription of its newly issued ordinary shares, representing approximately 10% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Kingdee. Total cash consideration for the investment in Kingdee was RMB1,047,296.

The Company reviews its available-for-sale securities investments regularly to determine if an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in quoted market price or other impairment indicators. For the year ended December 31, 2015, considering the severity and duration of the decline in quoted stock prices of the investment compared to the carrying value, the Company recognized an impairment charge of RMB326,057 on its investments on listed equity securities to write down the investment to the quoted closing stock price as of December 31, 2015. No impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014 respectively.

Other financial instruments

The followings are other financial instruments not measured at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, but for which the fair value is estimated for disclosure purposes.

Short-term receivables and payables. Accounts receivable, loan receivables and prepayments and other assets are financial assets with carrying values that approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Accounts payable, advance from customers, accrued expenses and other liabilities and deferred revenues are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

Short-term bank loans. Interest rates under the loan agreements with the lending banks were determined based on the prevailing interest rates in the market. The Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2 fair value measurement.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Goodwill. The inputs used to measure the estimated fair value of goodwill are classified as Level 3 fair value measurement due to the significance of unobservable inputs using company-specific information. The valuation methodology used to estimate the fair value of goodwill is discussed in Note 7 —“Business Combination”.

Other Investments. As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Company held approximately RMB586,959 and RMB3,308,127, respectively, of investments in equity securities of privately-held companies that are accounted for using the cost method. These investments are included within investment in equity investees in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such investments are reviewed periodically for impairment using fair value measurement. As of December 31, 2015, investments under cost method were measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) and impairment charges of RMB285,051 was recorded in others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year then ended. No impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014 respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Investment in equity investees

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Investment in equity investees

Investment in equity investees

6.Investment in equity investees

	Cost method		Equity method		Total
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Balance at December 31, 2013	36,502		—		36,502
Additions	552,493		—		552,493
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,036	)	—		(2,036	)

Balance at December 31, 2014	586,959		—		586,959
Additions	2,856,500		7,870,773		10,727,273
Share of results and other comprehensive income	—		(186,302	)	(186,302	)
Transferred from investment securities	—		305,655		305,655
Impairment loss	(285,051	)	(2,867,247	)	(3,152,298	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	149,719		433,243		582,962

Balance at December 31, 2015	3,308,127		5,556,122		8,864,249

Cost method

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, carrying value of the Company’s cost method investments were RMB586,959 and RMB3,308,127, respectively. Investments were accounted for under the cost method if the Company had no significant influence over the investee or if the underlying shares the Company invested in were not considered in-substance common stock and had no readily determinable fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company invested RMB2,856,500 in multiple private companies accounted for under cost method, which may have operational synergy with the Company’s core business. Among these entities, investment consideration for the top two investees were RMB648,829 and RMB551,957, respectively.

Equity method

As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s investments accounted for under the equity method totaled RMB5,556,122 which mainly included the investment in Bitauto Holdings Limited (“Bitauto”) with amount of RMB2,881,194 and the investment in Tuniu Corporation (“Tuniu”) with amount of RMB2,494,331. The Company applies the equity method of accounting to account for its equity investments, in common stock or in-substance common stock, over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control.

Investment in Bitauto

On February 16, 2015, the Company completed its investment in Bitauto through the subscription of Bitauto’s newly issued ordinary shares, representing approximately 25% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Bitauto. Total consideration for the investment in Bitauto was RMB5,496,188 with a combination of RMB2,450,920 in cash and RMB3,045,268 in the form of future services, including exclusive access to the new and used car channels on the Company’s website and mobile apps and additional support from the Company’s key platforms for a period of 5 years. Investment in Bitauto is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows:

	February 16, 2015		December 31, 2015
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Bitauto (*)	5,496,188		2,881,194
Proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	2,119,109		2,422,659

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	3,377,079		458,535


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill (*)	2,846,260		—
Amortizable intangible assets (**)	707,758		611,379
Deferred tax liabilities	(176,939	)	(152,844	)

	3,377,079		458,535


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Bitauto	—		(2,614,994	)

(*) In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company conducted an impairment assessment on its investment in Bitauto with consideration of the duration and severity of the continued decline of Bitauto’s stock price after the investment, and concluded the decline in fair value of the investment was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of RMB2,867,247 to write down the carrying value of its investment in Bitauto to the fair value of RMB2,881,194, based on quoted closing price of Bitauto’s stock of US$28.28 per ADS as of December 31, 2015.

(**) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Bitauto’s consolidated financial statements was 6 years.

Investment in Tuniu

In December 2014, the Company acquired 6.5% equity interest in Tuniu with cash consideration of RMB305,930 (“Initial Investment”), and accounted for the investment as an available-for-sale security.

On May 22, 2015, the Company additionally acquired Tuniu’s newly issued ordinary shares for total consideration of RMB2,188,490 with a combination of RMB1,528,275 in cash and RMB660,215 in the form of future services, including granting Tuniu an exclusive right, for a period of 5 years, to operate the leisure travel channels on the Company’s website and mobile apps, and Tuniu becomes the Company’s preferred partner for hotel and air ticket booking services. After the subsequent investment in May 2015, the Company held approximately 28% of Tuniu’s issued and outstanding shares and had one board seat, hence, the Company adopted equity method of accounting to account for the investment in Tuniu. In accordance with ASC 323, accumulated unrealized gains of RMB14,395 that were previously recorded for fair value change of the Initial Investment were reversed in the second quarter of 2015, and the cost of Initial Investment balance was adjusted as if the equity method of accounting had been applied since the Initial Investment was made and reclassified from investment securities to investment in equity investees in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investment in Tuniu is accounted for using the equity method with the cost allocated as follows:

	May 22, 2015		December 31, 2015
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Tuniu	2,494,145		2,494,331
Proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,014,296		1,029,698

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,479,849		1,464,633


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill	1,212,149		1,212,149
Amortizable intangible assets (*)	356,933		336,645
Deferred tax liabilities	(89,233	)	(84,161	)

	1,479,849		1,464,633


Cumulative gains in equity interest in Tuniu	—		186

(*) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Tuniu’s financial statements was 9 years.

As of December 31, 2015, aggregate market value of the Company’s investment in Tuniu was approximately RMB2,700,098 based on quoted closing price of Tuniu’s stock of US$15.98 per ADS as of December 31, 2015.

The Company recorded its interests in Bitauto and Tuniu one quarter in arrears, which will enable the Company to provide its financial disclosure independent of the reporting schedule of Bitauto and Tuniu.

The Company performs impairment assessment of its investments under the cost method and equity method whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may not be fully recoverable. Impairment charges in connection with the cost method investments of nil, nil and RMB285,051 were recorded in others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Impairment charges in connection with the equity method investments of nil, nil and RMB2,867,247 were recorded in share of results of equity investees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Business Combination

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Business Combination

Business Combination

7.Business Combination

Transaction with Tencent

On March 10, 2014, the Company entered into a Strategic Cooperation Agreement (“Agreement”) with Tencent Holdings Limited (“Tencent”), for a period of 5 years from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2019. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company will become Tencent’s preferred partner in the development of physical goods e-Commerce business in Greater China including: (a) Tencent will grant the Company prominent level-1 access points in Weixin and mobile QQ applications; (b) Tencent will provide internet traffic and other support from other key platforms to the Company; and (c) the Company will cooperate with Tencent in a number of areas primarily mobile-related products, social networking services, membership systems and payment solutions. Terms described in (a), (b) and (c) above are hereinafter collectively referred to as “Strategic Cooperation”. In addition, for a period of 8 years from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2022, other than the operation of Shanghai Icson E-Commerce Development Company Limited (“Shanghai Icson”), a subsidiary of Tencent, Tencent will not engage in any online direct sales or managed marketplace business model in physical goods e-Commerce businesses in Greater China and a few selected international markets, hereinafter referred to as “Non-Compete”.

On the same date, the Company also entered into a series of agreements with Tencent and its affiliates, pursuant to which, the Company acquired from Tencent: (i) 100% business operation of two online marketplace platforms, Paipai and QQ Wanggou (“Combined Platform Business”); (ii) 9.9% equity interest in Shanghai Icson (“Investment in Shanghai Icson”); (iii) a call option (“Call Option”) to acquire the remaining equity interest of Shanghai Icson, with a price higher of the fair value of the remaining equity interest or RMB800,000 within three years commencing the closing of the Transaction; (iv) certain logistic workforce; and (v) a land use right. The above (i) to (v), Strategic Cooperation and Non-Compete are collectively referred to as “Transaction”. In April, 2016, the Company exercised the Call Option by paying RMB800,000 to acquire the remaining equity interest in Shanghai Iscon. The Company is currently evaluating the accounting impact of the transaction.

As consideration for the Transaction, the Company issued 351,678,637 ordinary shares to Huang River Investment Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tencent, representing 15% shares on a fully diluted basis under treasury method upon the closing of the Transaction, on March 10, 2014.

The main purpose of the transaction is to further expand product and service offerings to the Group’s online shopping customers.

The acquisition of Combined Platform Business is accounted for as a business combination and the results of operations of the Combined Platform Business from the acquisition date have been included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. The acquisitions of Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistic Workforce and Land use right are considered asset acquisitions separate from the acquisition of Combined Platform Business. The investment in Shanghai Icson was accounted for under the cost method and recorded in investment in equity investees on the acquisition day. The identifiable intangible assets acquired are amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective useful lives.

The Company has performed the following steps to estimate the cost of the assets and business acquired with the assistance from an independent valuation firm: 1) estimate the total fair value of 351,678,637 ordinary shares issued to Huang River Investment Limited as the consideration of the transaction on March 10, 2014 using the income approach, or the discounted cash flow, or DCF method; 2) estimate the stand-alone fair value of the Combined Platform Business as well as fair value of each of Strategic Cooperation Agreement, Non-Compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistic workforce and Land Use Right (collectively “Asset Acquisition”); 3) The excess of (1) over sum of (2) and net cash acquired in the Transaction has been allocated to each individual asset of the Asset Acquisition and the Combined Platform Business based on their relative fair values. Additionally, in accordance with the relevant accounting guidance, non-transferability relating to lock-up period associated with the shares issued to Huang River Investment Limited for a period of three years commencing from March 10, 2014, is factored in estimating the fair value of shares issued to acquire Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistic Workforce and Land use right, but is not factored in estimating the fair value of shares issued to acquire Combined Platform Business.

The Company considered the following valuation method and significant assumptions in evaluating certain significant intangible assets acquired from the current Transaction:

Strategic Cooperation Agreement—In addition to the Company’s general business cooperation with Tencent primarily in areas of mobile-related products, social networking services, membership systems and payment solutions, the other parts of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement is in substance a prepaid advertising/promotion service where Tencent users can be diverted to the Company’s websites/platforms where (a) Tencent will grant the Company prominent level-1 access points in Weixin and mobile QQ applications and (b) Tencent will provide internet traffic and other support from its other key platforms to the Company. These advertising/promotion services include push messages, advertising, payment processing and application activation. The general business cooperation is not recognized as a separate intangible asset because such provisions only set out the general principal for the cooperation between the Company and Tencent with no specific deliverables provided to the Company. The amount recognized for the Strategic Cooperation Agreement relates to the advertising/promotion services and the fair value was established using a form of the income approach known as the cost saving method. This method recognizes that, because of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, the Company can save advertising fees, traffic acquisition costs, payment processing fees and application activation fees that otherwise it would need to be paid to a third party for the similar services. The estimated unit market price of the advertising/promotion services were multiplied by the volume of the services to be provided by Tencent to arrive at the cost saving attributable to the Strategic Cooperation Agreement. The most significant assumptions inherent in this approach include: 1) the estimated market price of the services to be provided, 2) the volume of the services to be provided, and 3) discount rate. When applying the cost saving method for the valuation of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, market participant assumptions were used in accordance with ASC 820. Specifically, the basis of the assumptions were determined with consideration of the terms of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, an industry report regarding China’s e-commerce sector and a market rate that market participants have to pay to third parties for similar services on arm’s length basis. The present value of the after-tax cost savings at an appropriate discount rate indicates the value of Strategic Cooperation Agreement. The discount rate was derived by using the capital asset pricing model (the “CAPM”), which is a method that market participants commonly use to price assets. Based on the CAPM, the Company concluded a discount rate of 17.5% was appropriate for valuing the Strategic Cooperation Agreement.

Non-compete Agreement—Other than the operation of Shanghai Icson, Tencent will not engage in any online direct sales or managed marketplace business models in physical goods e-Commerce business in Greater China and a few selected international markets. The fair value of the Non-compete was determined based on the “with and without” method, which takes into consideration the cash flow increments between the scenario where the Non-compete is not in place and the scenario where the Non-compete is in place for a period of 8 years from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2022. The most significant assumption inherent in this approach when valuing the Non-compete was the amount of economic impact to the Company that would occur from competition during the period when non-compete agreement is effective. Based on the CAPM, the Company concluded a discount rate of 17.5%, which reflects a market participant’s required rate of return for the risks of investing in the Non-compete, was appropriate for discounting the cash flow attributable to the Non-compete.

Investment in Shanghai Icson—In determining the fair value of the investment in Shanghai Icson, the Company followed a two-step process. In the first step, the discounted cash flow method, or DCF, was used as the primary approach to determine the fair value of the equity interest of Shanghai Icson and market approach to cross-check the valuation results derived by the DCF method. The free cashflow of Shanghai Icson was discounted by 22%, which was determined by the CAPM to reflect a market participant’s required rate of return for the risks of investing in the equity interest of Shanghai Icson. In the second step, since the Company’s investment in Shanghai Icson is in the form of preferred shares, an option pricing method to allocate the equity interest of Shanghai Icson to its common shares and preferred shares was used. The significant assumptions inherent in option pricing models are the expected time of liquidity event, risk free rate and volatility factor of equity interest of Shanghai Icson.

The Group made estimates and judgments in determining the fair value of the assets and business acquired with the assistance from an independent valuation firm. The purchase price allocation is as follows:

		Amount
		RMB
Fair value of the Company’s shares issued *		11,644,310
Transaction costs**		20,705

Total value to be allocated in purchase accounting		11,665,015

	Amount		Amortization Years
	RMB
Strategic Cooperation Agreement	6,075,289		5
Non-compete Agreement	1,442,389		8
Combined Platform Business
Cash	60,284
Other current assets	3,587
Property, plant and equipment, net	17,647
Current liabilities	(63,871	)
Technology***	108,800		5
Domain names and trademark***	33,100		10
Advertising customer relationship***	80,400		7
Goodwill***	2,593,420
Deferred tax liability	(41,893	)
Investment in Shanghai Icson	252,779
Call Option	—
Logistic workforce	13,900		3
Land use right	73,632		40
Net cash acquired	1,015,552

Total Purchase price	11,665,015

* Among total fair value of the shares issued of RMB11,644,310, RMB2,791,474 is the consideration for the acquisition of Combined Platform Business and RMB8,852,836 is the consideration for the acquisition of Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistics workforce, Land use right, and Net cash acquired.

** In accordance with ASC 805-10-25-23, transaction costs relating to the business combination of the Combined Platform Business are expensed as incurred while in accordance with ASC 805-50-30-2, transaction costs relating to the acquisition of the assets in the Asset Acquisition form part of the assets’ initial carrying values, and have been included in the estimated purchase price.

*** In November 2015, the Company announced its decision to terminate the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) business of Paipai.com by December 31, 2015 with a transitional period of three months. The shut-down of Paipai.com is to combat the marketing and sales of counterfeit products and to protect the interests of consumers and brands. As a result, the Company decided that the goodwill arisen from the acquisition of the Combined Platform Business was fully impaired and an impairment charge of RMB2,593,420 was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015. Concurrently, remaining balance of the intangible assets arisen from the acquisition amounted to RMB156,709 as of December 31, 2015 was also impaired and the related deferred tax liability of RMB27,796 recorded from the acquisition of the Combined Platform Business was reversed as a tax benefit in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Based on the assessment on financial performance of the acquired Combined Platform Business made by the Group, the acquired business is not considered material to the Group. Thus the presentation of the pro-forma financial information with regard to a summary of the results of operations of the Group for the business combination is not required.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956515&loc=d3e1497-128463

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956515&loc=d3e1490-128463

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956515&loc=d3e1392-128463

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
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-Paragraph 4
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e7008-128479

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956515&loc=d3e1486-128463

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e6927-128479

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956791&loc=d3e4845-128472

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956515&loc=d3e1500-128463

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956515&loc=d3e1524-128463

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e7000-128479

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956791&loc=d3e4922-128472

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956791&loc=d3e4934-128472

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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956791&loc=d3e4926-128472

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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56956515&loc=d3e1383-128463

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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e6996-128479

+ Details

Accounts receivable, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net

8. Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables	2,043,243		8,939,054
Online payment processing transactions receivables	182,412		385,547
Advertising receivables	62,705		121,170
Others	219,567		379,059
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of the year	(1,770	)	(71,671	)
Additions	(72,608	)	(324,270	)
Reversals	868		—
Write-offs	1,839		79,395

Balance at end of the year	(71,671	)	(316,546	)

Accounts receivable, net	2,436,256		9,508,284

The value-added tax receivables due from customers are recorded in online direct sales and online marketplace receivables. The allowance for doubtful accounts related to the Group’s consumer financing business was RMB64,228 and RMB297,913 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Inventories, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Inventories, net

Inventories, net

9. Inventories, net

Inventories, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Products	12,119,359	20,436,275
Packing materials and others	71,484	103,268

Inventories, net	12,190,843	20,539,543

Prepayments and other current assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Prepayments and other current assets

Prepayments and other current assets

10. Prepayments and other current assets

Prepayments and other current assets consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Receivables related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards	811,783	289,196
VAT receivables	—	423,286
Interest receivables	135,498	7,289
Prepaid rental fees	145,501	272,480
Prepaid promotion expenses	45,677	60,788
Deposits	166,945	135,157
Bridge loans	157,438	150,000
Staff loans	151,612	5,182
Employee advances	16,217	20,206
Others	103,663	122,857

Total	1,734,334	1,486,441

Property, equipment and software, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Property, equipment and software, net

Property, equipment and software, net

11. Property, equipment and software, net

Property, equipment and software, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Electronic equipment	1,372,896		3,089,415
Office equipment	33,190		202,422
Vehicles	530,731		843,922
Logistic and warehouse equipment	598,831		1,105,245
Leasehold improvement	136,522		306,352
Software	100,215		149,590
Building and building improvement	661,365		2,526,948

Total	3,433,750		8,223,894
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,025,312	)	(1,990,788	)

Net book value	2,408,438		6,233,106

Depreciation expenses were RMB257,213, RMB514,974 and RMB1,123,076 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Land use rights, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Land use rights, net

Land use rights, net

12. Land use rights, net

Land use rights, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Land use rights	1,108,125		1,999,424
Less: Accumulated amortization	(40,872	)	(71,232	)

Net book value	1,067,253		1,928,192

Amortization expenses for land use rights were RMB11,700, RMB19,342 and RMB30,360 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

As of December 31, 2015, amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods are estimated to be as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	40,802	40,802	40,802	40,802	40,802	1,724,182

Intangible assets, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net

13. Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31, 2014
	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount	Net Carrying Amount
Strategic Cooperation	6,075,289	(915,455	)	—	5,159,834
Non-compete	1,447,189	(146,364	)	—	1,300,825
Technology	110,900	(17,965	)	—	92,935
Advertising customer relationship	80,400	(9,283	)	—	71,117
Domain names and trademark	79,969	(12,447	)	—	67,522
Logistic workforce	13,900	(3,745	)	—	10,155
Online payment and other licenses	189,000	(27,300	)	—	161,700
Copyrights	28,873	(15,014	)	—	13,859

Total	8,025,520	(1,147,573	)	—	6,877,947

	As of December 31, 2015
	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount		Net Carrying Amount
Strategic Cooperation	6,075,289	(2,130,512	)	—		3,944,777
Non-compete	1,447,189	(327,622	)	—		1,119,567
Technology	110,900	(40,715	)	(69,922	)	263
Advertising customer relationship	80,400	(20,737	)	(59,663	)	—
Domain names and trademark	85,632	(22,893	)	(27,124	)	35,615
Logistic workforce	13,900	(8,378	)	—		5,522
Online payment and other licenses	200,924	(45,981	)	—		154,943
Copyrights	19,656	(16,360	)	—		3,296

Total	8,033,890	(2,613,198	)	(156,709	)	5,263,983

Amortization expenses for intangible assets were RMB24,228, RMB1,116,217 and RMB1,465,625 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The Group recorded an impairment charge of RMB156,709 for the year ended December 31, 2015. Please refer to Note 7 for details.

As of December 31, 2015, amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods are estimated to be as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	1,424,705	1,415,781	1,414,590	498,415	198,222	312,270

Other non-current assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Other non-current assets

Other non-current assets

14. Other non-current assets

Other non-current assets consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Prepayments for purchase of office building	288,999	456,457
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables	—	976,486
Staff loans	—	39,903
Prepayments for purchase of land use rights	96,911	60,519
Rental deposits	108,621	182,256
Prepayments for purchase of property, equipment and software	110,469	70,873
Bridge loans	—	258,167
Others	20,391	62,012

Total	625,391	2,106,673

Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Goodwill.

Goodwill

15. Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were as follows:

	Amounts
	RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2013	14,649
Additions	—

Balance as of December 31, 2013	14,649
Additions	2,607,821

Balance as of December 31, 2014	2,622,470
Additions	—
Impairment	(2,593,420	)

Balance as of December 31, 2015	29,050

The Group recorded an impairment charge of nil, nil and RMB2, 593,420 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Please refer to Note 7 for details.

Short-term bank loans	12 Months Ended
Short-term bank loans	Dec. 31, 2015
Short-term bank loans
Short-term bank loans	16. Short-term bank loans Short-term bank loans as of December 31, 2014 amounted to RMB 1,890,771, represent bank borrowings denominated in U.S. dollar, which was repayable within one year. In March 2014, the Group entered into a loan agreement, whereby on March 7, 2014 the Group effectively pledged certain time deposits to secure the bank loan, totaling US$309,000 and bearing interest at 0.80% per annum over 1-month LIBOR with the maturity date of March 6, 2015. The loan was fully repaid in the first quarter of 2015. Short-term bank loans as of December 31, 2015 amounted to RMB3,040,209, which consisted of several bank borrowings denominated in RMB. All of these bank borrowings were repayable within one year. The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2015 was approximately 4.40%.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

17. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Salary and welfare payables	1,577,761	1,689,809
Deposits	1,834,172	3,627,058
Payable related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards	811,783	276,259
Rental fee payables	69,341	135,534
Professional fee accruals	48,121	75,086
Others	970,654	1,374,319

Total	5,311,832	7,178,065

Others, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Others, net.

Others, net

18. Others, net

Others, net, consist of the following:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Foreign exchange gains/(losses), net	92,761		(28,980	)	(57,395	)
Government financial incentives	120,301		214,623		392,022
Impairment of investments	—		—		(611,108	)
Others	(19,507	)	30,944		135,884

Total	193,555		216,587		(140,597	)

Government financial incentives represent rewards provided by the relevant PRC municipal government authorities to the Group for business achievements made by the Group. As there is no further obligation for the Group to perform, government financial incentives are recognized as other income when received. The amount of such government financial incentives are determined solely at the discretion of the relevant government authorities and there is no assurance that the Group will continue to receive these government financial incentives in the future.

Taxation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Taxation

Taxation

19. Taxation

a) Transition from PRC Business Tax to PRC Value Added Tax

A pilot program for transition from business tax to value added tax (“VAT”) for certain services revenues was launched in Shanghai on January 1, 2012. Starting from September 1, 2012, the pilot program has been expanded from Shanghai to other cities and provinces in China, including Beijing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Suqian, in which the Group has operations. Commencing August 1, 2013, the pilot program was expanded to cover all regions in the PRC.

b) Value added tax

During the periods presented, the Group is subject to 13% and 17% VAT for revenues from sales of audio, video products and books and sales of other products, respectively, in the PRC. The Group is exempted from VAT for revenues from sales of books since January 1, 2014.

Prior to the pilot program, the Group were subject to 5% or 3% business tax for revenues from online advertising and other services or for revenues from logistic services, respectively. After the launch of the pilot program, the Group is subject to 6% and 11% VAT for the revenues from logistics services and 6% VAT for the revenues from online advertising and other services.

The Group is also subject to 3% cultural undertaking development fees on revenues from online advertising services in China.

The Group is also subject to surcharges on VAT payments according to PRC tax law.

c) Business tax

Chinabank Payment and Chinabank Payment Technology are subject to 5% business tax and related surcharges for revenues from online payment services. Business tax and the related surcharges are recognized when the revenue is earned.

d) Income tax

Cayman Islands

Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in the Cayman Islands are not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.

British Virgin Islands

Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, entities incorporated in British Virgin Islands are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.

Hong Kong

Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, the Group’s subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong. Additionally, payments of dividends by the subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong to the Company are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.

China

On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of PRC enacted a new Corporate Income Tax Law (“new CIT law”), under which Foreign Investment Enterprises (“FIEs”) and domestic companies would be subject to corporate income tax at a uniform rate of 25%. The new CIT law became effective on January 1, 2008. Under the new CIT law, preferential tax treatments will continue to be granted to entities which conduct businesses in certain encouraged sectors and to entities otherwise classified as “high and new technology enterprises”.

Chinabank Payment Technology has been qualified as “high and new technology enterprise” in 2010, whose qualification was renewed in 2013, and enjoyed a preferential corporate income tax rate of 15% from 2010 to 2015.

Beijing Shangke entitles to an exemption from income tax for first two years and 50% reduction for the next three years from its first profitable year as a “software enterprise”. It has also been qualified as “high and new technology enterprise” and enjoys a preferential income tax rate of 15% from 2013 to 2016. The privileges cannot be applied simultaneously.

Chongqing Haijia and Chengdu Century have been recognized as within encouraged industries in the Western Regions of China and enjoyed a preferential income tax rate of 15% in 2014 and 2015.

The Group’s other PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are subject to the statutory income tax rate of 25%.

Withholding tax on undistributed dividends

The new CIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose “de facto management body” is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules of the EIT Law merely define the location of the “de facto management body” as “the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, property, etc., of a non-PRC company is located.” Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances, the Group does not believe that it is likely that its operations outside of the PRC should be considered a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes.

The new CIT law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by an FIE to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% (if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE). The Company did not record any dividend withholding tax, as it has no retained earnings for any of the periods presented.

The components of loss before tax are as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Income/(loss) before tax
Loss from China operations	(236,593	)	(529,173	)	(4,705,034	)
Income/(loss) from non-China operations	186,654		(4,447,861	)	(4,696,810	)

Total loss before tax	(49,939	)	(4,977,034	)	(9,401,844	)


Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations
Current income tax expenses	—		(23,493	)	(28,322	)
Deferred tax benefits	40		4,169		42,584

Subtotal income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations	40		(19,324	)	14,262

Total income tax benefits/(expenses)	40		(19,324	)	14,262

Reconciliation of difference between PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group’s effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015

Statutory income tax rate	25.0	%	25.0	%	25.0	%
Tax effect of preferential tax treatments	172.3	%	1.7	%	1.8	%
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities	54.7	%	(22.4	)%	(11.3	)%
Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction	22.1	%	0.1	%	(0.2	)%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses	(148.4	)%	(3.4	)%	(10.6	)%
Tax effect of non-taxable income	36.5	%	1.1	%	0.2	%
Changes in valuation allowance	(97.0	)%	(0.5	)%	(4.3	)%
Expiration of loss carry forward	(65.1	)%	(2.0	)%	(0.4	)%

Effective tax rates	0.1	%	(0.4	)%	0.2	%

e) Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Deferred tax assets
- Allowance for doubtful accounts	17,918		79,136
- Deferred revenues	39,270		66,027
- Net operating loss carry forwards	874,270		1,215,975
Less: valuation allowance	(931,458	)	(1,361,138	)

Net deferred tax assets	—		—


Deferred tax liabilities
- Interest income	5,650		—
- Intangible assets arisen from business combination	38,162		1,228

Total deferred tax liabilities	43,812		1,228

As of December 31, 2015, the Group had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately RMB4,988,224 which arose from the subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries established in the PRC. The loss carry forwards will expire during the period from 2016 to 2020.

A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group’s operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods.

The Group has incurred net accumulated operating losses for income tax purposes since its inception. The Group believes that it is more likely than not that these net accumulated operating losses and other deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. Therefore, the Group has provided full valuation allowances for the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

Movement of valuation allowance

	As of December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balance at beginning of the period	857,413		905,833		931,458
Additions	81,119		156,820		449,381
Reversals	(32,699	)	(131,195	)	(19,701	)

Balance at end of the period	905,833		931,458		1,361,138

Convertible Preferred Shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Convertible Preferred Shares

Convertible Preferred Shares

20. Convertible Preferred Shares

All of the preference shares were converted to ordinary shares immediately upon the completion of the Group’s initial public offering on May 28, 2014. Prior to their automatic conversion to ordinary shares upon the Company’s initial public offering on May 28, 2014, the preferred shares were entitled to certain preferences with respect to conversion, redemption, dividends and liquidation. The holders of preferred shares were entitled to vote together with the holders of ordinary shares, and not as a separate class, on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders of the Company, on an as-if-converted basis. Immediately prior to the initial public offering, the Company’s preference shares comprised the following:

Series	Issuance Date	Shares Issued	Issue Price per Share	Proceeds from Issuance	Shares Outstanding		Carrying Amount
			US$	US$			RMB

A	March 27, 2007	155,000,000	0.0323	5,000	155,000,000		215,626
A-1	August 15, 2007	130,940,000	0.0382	5,000	36,894,000		40,224
B	January 12, 2009	235,310,000	0.0892	21,000	59,539,244		88,241
C	September 21, 2010	178,238,250	0.7742	138,000	258,316,305	*	15,130,903

*Among total shares outstanding, 64,579,075 shares and 15,498,980 shares were re-designated from Series A-1 and Series B preferred shares in conjunction with the issuance of the Series C Preferred Shares.

Prior to the issuance of Series C Preferred Shares, the Company determined that the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares should be classified as mezzanine equity since the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares were contingently redeemable. In conjunction with the issuance of the Series C Preferred Shares, as a result of the waivers to their redemption and preferential liquidation rights, the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares were reclassified from mezzanine equity to permanent equity. The Series C Preference Shares were classified as mezzanine equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets because they were contingently redeemable.

The Company records accretion on the Preferred Shares, where applicable, to the redemption value from the issuance dates to the earliest redemption dates. The accretion of Series C Preference Shares was RMB7,957,640 for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares	12 Months Ended
Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares	Dec. 31, 2015
Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares
Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares	21. Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares 25,247,161 Series B Preferred Shares were transferred to new investors and re-designated into ordinary shares in December 2013. The transaction was viewed as if the holders of the Series B Preferred Shares exercised their option to convert Series B Preferred Shares into ordinary shares, and then subsequently transferred the newly converted ordinary shares to the new investors. Accordingly, the carrying amounts of the Series B Preferred Shares were reduced, offset by increases in the ordinary shares and additional paid-in capital which equaled to RMB34,108, with total translation adjustment gains amounted to RMB4,065.

Ordinary Shares	12 Months Ended
Ordinary Shares	Dec. 31, 2015
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary Shares	22. Ordinary Shares Upon inception, 1 ordinary share was issued at a par value of US$0.00002 per share. In March 2014, the Company issued 351,678,637 ordinary shares to Huang River Investment Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tencent, in connection with Tencent Transaction (Note 7). Additionally, upon the initial public offering in May 2014, the Company issued 166,120,400 Class A ordinary shares. Concurrently, the Company issued 139,493,960 Class A ordinary shares in a private placement to Huang River Investment Limited. The ordinary shares reserved for future exercise of the RSUs and share options were 59,786,401 and 93,722,508 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Share-based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Share-based Compensation

Share-based Compensation

23. Share-based Compensation

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, total share-based compensation expenses recognized were RMB261,173, RMB4,249,548 and RMB1,193,945, respectively.

The ordinary shares issued for the Company’s equity incentive plans are held by Fortune Rising, a consolidated variable interest entity of the Company, and accounted for as treasury stocks of the Company prior to their vest. As of December 31, 2015, the Group had reserved 195,907,439 ordinary shares available to be granted as share-based awards.

Share incentive plan

The Company granted share-based awards to eligible employees and non-employees pursuant to the 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 stock incentive plans and 2011 special stock incentive plan (collectively, the “Plans”), which govern the terms of the awards. On December 20, 2013, the Company adopted a 2013 Share Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”), which was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company, to replace the Plans. The awards granted and outstanding under the Plans will survive and remain effective and binding under the 2013 Plan, subject to certain amendments to the original award agreements. The adoption of 2013 Plan did not result in any significant incremental share-based compensation expenses. The 2013 Plan was replaced by a share incentive plan entitled “Share Incentive Plan” containing substantially the same terms as the 2013 Plan on November 13, 2014.

Share option exchange program

On December 20, 2013, the Company launched a one-time stock option exchange program (the “Program”) pursuant to which eligible employees were able to exchange certain of their unvested RSUs for share options with the exercise price of US$3.96 per share. The Group’s named executive officers and members of the Group’s Board of Directors were not eligible to participate in the Program. The Program expired on December 27, 2013. As a result of the Program, 7,954,526 unvested RSUs were accepted for exchange and were cancelled effective as of the expiration of the Program, and in exchange for those RSUs, the Company issued options to purchase 23,863,578 ordinary shares to the employees who participated in the Program. The new awards are subject to the original vesting schedule with the corresponding exchanged RSUs. The Company accounted for the Program as a probable to probable modification and expected to take a modification charge for the incremental compensation costs of RMB89,030 as a result of the exchange over the remaining vesting periods of 1 to 6 years.

1)Employee awards

The non-vested ordinary shares, RSUs and share options are scheduled to be vested over three to six years:

(1) One-third, one-fourth, one-fifth or one-sixth of the awards, depending on different vesting schedules of the 2013 Plans, shall be vested upon the end of the calendar year in which the awards were granted or the first anniversary dates of the grants;

(2) The remaining of the awards shall be vested on straight line basis at the end of the remaining calendar or the anniversary years.

Non-vested ordinary shares

A summary of activities of the non-vested ordinary shares for the year ended December 31, 2013 is presented below:

	Number of Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
			US$

Unvested at January 1, 2013	2,829,080		0.24
Granted	—
Vested	(2,320,633	)	0.24
Forfeited	(508,447	)	0.24

Unvested at December 31, 2013	—		—

No non-vested ordinary shares activities for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015.

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the non-vested ordinary shares granted were RMB1,142, nil and nil, respectively.

As of December 31, 2013, all share-based compensation expenses related to the non-vested ordinary shares granted have been recognized.

RSUs

a) Service-based RSUs

A summary of activities of the service-based RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is presented below:

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value

Unvested at January 1, 2013	30,818,337		3.65
Granted	15,075,413		3.95
RSUs exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program	(7,954,526	)	3.83
Vested	(6,365,824	)	3.62
Forfeited	(4,422,552	)	3.66

Unvested at December 31, 2013	27,150,848		3.77


Unvested at January 1, 2014	27,150,848		3.77
Granted	14,588,400		8.43
Vested	(6,385,905	)	3.71
Forfeited	(3,649,817	)	5.07

Unvested at December 31, 2014	31,703,526		5.77


Unvested at January 1, 2015	31,703,526		5.77
Granted	18,295,642		14.37
Vested	(7,130,556	)	4.96
Forfeited	(3,934,276	)	9.73

Unvested at December 31, 2015	38,934,336		9.56

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the service-based RSUs granted were RMB254,124, RMB386,632 and RMB690,742, respectively.

As of December 31, 2015, there were RMB1,649,328 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the service-based RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.1 years.

b) Performance-based RSUs

A summary of activities of the performance-based RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 is presented below:

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value

Unvested at January 1, 2014	—		—
Granted	1,515,151		6.33
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(48,493	)	6.33

Unvested at December 31, 2014	1,466,658		6.33

Granted	—		—
Vested	(188,936	)	6.33
Forfeited	(401,358	)	6.33

Unvested at December 31, 2015	876,364		6.33

The Company granted nil, 1,515,151 and nil performance-based RSUs to its employees for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the performance-based RSUs granted were nil, 14,124, and RMB4,630, respectively.

As of December 31, 2015, there were RMB7,788 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the performance-based RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.

Share Options

The Company granted 3,048,750, 2,745,000 and 5,652,500 service-based share options to its employees for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. In December, 2013, the Company launched a one-time stock option exchange program under which 7,954,526 RSUs were exchanged for 23,863,578 share options, with the exercise price of US$3.96 per share.

A summary of activities of the service-based share options for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is presented below:

Share options	Number of share options		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
			US$		US$

Outstanding as of January 1, 2013	—
Granted	3,048,750		3.96
Share options exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program	23,863,578		3.96
Exercised	—
Forfeited or cancelled	—
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2013	26,912,328		3.96	9.4	—

Granted	2,745,000		8.20
Exercised	(849,844	)	3.96
Forfeited or cancelled	(2,606,232	)	4.31
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2014	26,201,252		4.37	8.5	189,729

Granted	5,652,500		13.17
Exercised	(2,694,404	)	4.07
Forfeited or cancelled	(1,724,726	)	6.07
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	27,434,622		6.10	8.1	275,040

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2015	24,691,160		6.10	8.1	247,536
Exercisable as of December 31, 2015	7,250,546		4.08	7.4	87,394

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was US$1.94, US$4.48 and US$5.59 per share, respectively.

No options were exercised for the year ended December 31, 2013. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 was US$6,648 and US$29,522, respectively. The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the market value on the date of exercise and the exercise price of the share options. Cash received from the exercises of share options of the Company during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 was nil and US$12,332, respectively. Cash receivable from the exercises of share options of the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 was US$3,365 and US$1,992, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the share options granted were RMB4,007, RMB115,469 and RMB103,962, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, there were RMB271,059 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the share options granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.0 years.

The estimated fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Binominal option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	2013	2014	2015
Expected volatility	47%~50%	52%~53%	33%~50%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)	1.83%~2.91%	2.42%~3.50%	2.17%~2.65%
Exercise multiples	2.8	2.8	2.0~2.8
Expected dividend yield	—	—	—
Expected term (in years)	7.4~10.0	10.0	10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)	3.96	6.33~12.51	11.57~14.69

The Group estimated the risk free interest rate based on the yield to maturity of U.S. treasury bonds denominated in USD at the option valuation date. The exercise multiple is estimated as the ratio of fair value of underlying shares over the exercise price as at the time the option is exercised, based on a research study regarding exercise pattern from historical statistical data. Expected term is the contract life of the option. The expected volatility at the date of grant date and each option valuation date was estimated based on the implied volatility of the Company and the historical stock price volatility of listed comparable companies over a period comparable to the expected term of the options. The Group has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its capital stock, and the Group does not anticipate any dividend payments in the foreseeable future.

2)Non-employee awards

RSUs

A summary of activities of the non-employee RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is presented below:

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
			US$
Unvested at January 1, 2013	—
Granted	107,992		3.96
Vested	(77,992	)	3.96

Unvested at December 31, 2013	30,000		3.96


Unvested at January 1, 2014	30,000		3.96
Granted	389,965		7.89
Vested	(5,000	)	3.96

Unvested at December 31, 2014	414,965		7.65


Unvested at January 1, 2015	414,965		7.65
Granted	300,000		12.94
Vested	(237,779	)	7.56

Unvested at December 31, 2015	477,186		11.02

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the non-employee RSUs granted were RMB1,900, RMB15,917 and RMB23,305, respectively.

As of December 31, 2015, there were RMB33,635 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the non-employee RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.3 years.

3)Founder awards

RSUs

On March 11, 2014, the Company approved a grant of 93,780,970 RSUs to the Founder, Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu. The share awards were immediately vested and the Company recorded a share-based compensation charge of RMB3,685,041 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The grant date fair value of the awards was US$6.3 per share.

Share options

In May 2015, the board of directors approved a 10-year compensation plan for the Founder, Mr. Liu. Under this plan, Mr. Liu will receive RMB0.001 per year in cash salary and zero cash bonus during the 10-year period. Mr. Liu was granted an option to acquire a total of 26,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of the Company with an exercise price of US$16.70 per share (or US$33.40 per ADS) under the Company’s Share Incentive Plan, subject to a 10-year vesting schedule with 10% of the awards vesting on each anniversary of the grant date. The Company will not grant any additional equity incentive to Mr. Liu during the 10-year period.

For the years ended December 31, 2015, total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the Founder’s share options granted were RMB240,024.

As of December 31, 2015, there were RMB1,100,865 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the Founder’s share options granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 9.4 years.

The method used to determine fair value of the share options granted to the Founder was the same as the method used for the share options granted to the employees as described above. The assumptions used in the Binominal option-pricing model to estimate fair value of the Founder’s share option on the date of grant is presented below:

		2015
Expected volatility		36%~38%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)		2.74%~2.79%
Exercise multiples		2.0
Expected dividend yield		—
Expected term (in years)		10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)		16.70~16.93

4)Share-based compensation of subsidiaries

In October 2015, the Group’s finance business (“JD Finance”) adopted a 2015 Share Incentive Plan (“2015 JD Finance Plan”), which permits the granting of stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted share units and restricted shares of JD Finance to employees, directors and consultants. The Company granted restricted shares units of JD Finance equivalent to approximately 7.25% of the subsidiary’s ordinary shares on a fully diluted basis in 2015. Share-based compensation expenses recognized for the JD Finance RSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 were RMB95,664. As of December 31, 2015, the unrecognized compensation expenses, related to 2015 JD Finance Plan was RMB484,590. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 6.2 years.

Net loss per share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Net loss per share

Net loss per share

24.Net loss per share

Basic and diluted net loss per share for each of the years presented are calculated as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Numerator:
Net loss	(49,899	)	(4,996,358	)	(9,378,016	)
Series C Preferred Shares redemption value accretion	(2,435,366	)	(7,957,640	)	—

Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)

Numerator for basic net loss per share	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)
Numerator for diluted net loss per share	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)

Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares — basic	1,694,495,048		2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034
Weighted average number of shares — diluted	1,694,495,048		2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034

Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1.47	)	(5.35	)	(3.43	)

Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1.47	)	(5.35	)	(3.43	)

Generally, basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

As a result of the modification of the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares on September 21, 2010, the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares were classified as separate classes of permanent equity securities with no senior or prior rights to ordinary shares, except for the dividend rights. Accordingly for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, the “two-class” method is required to be used for the calculation of net loss per share. Since the Company did not declare any dividends for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, the net loss per share attributable to each class would be the same under the “two-class” method for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014. As such, the three classes of shares have been presented on a combined basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and in the above computation of net loss per share.

Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares, Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the respective year. The potentially dilutive ordinary shares that were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share in the periods presented where their inclusion would be anti-dilutive include non-vested ordinary shares, RSUs and options to purchase ordinary shares of 33,084,709, 63,453,677 and 81,737,438 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 on a weighted average basis, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, the assumed conversion of the Series C Preferred Shares was anti-dilutive and excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share.

Related party transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Related party transactions

Related party transactions

25.Related party transactions

The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Group as of December 31, 2015:

Name of related parties		Relationship with the Group

Tencent and its subsidiaries (“Tencent Group”)		Tencent is a shareholder of the Group
Shanghai Icson and its subsidiaries (“Shanghai Icson Group”)		An investee of the Group
Staging Finance Holding Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Staging Finance Group”)		An investee of the Group
China Business Infinite Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Business Infinite Group”)		An investee of the Group
Bitauto and its subsidiaries (“Bitauto Group”)		An investee of the Group
Tuniu and its subsidiaries (“Tuniu Group”)		An investee of the Group

(a)The Group entered into the following transactions with the major related parties:

	For the year ended December 31,
Transactions	2013	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB	RMB
Revenues:
Sales of goods to Staging Finance Group	—	—	1,016,286
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Business Infinite Group	—	—	112,541
Commission service revenue from cooperation on advertising business with Tencent Group	—	95,287	139,602
Online marketplace services provided to Tencent Group	—	272	111
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Shanghai Icson Group	—	164,811	6
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Bitauto Group	—	—	455,161
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Tuniu Group	—	—	51,095

Operating expenses:
Service and purchases from Shanghai Icson Group	—	103,976	168,875
Purchase of advertising resources from Tencent Group	—	88,076	195,805

Revenues from related parties, excluding those from the major related parties as stated above, represented approximately nil, nil and 0.01% of total net revenues of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Transactions with related parties included in operating expenses, excluding those with the major related parties as stated above, represented nil, 0.01%, and 0.02% of total operating expenses of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively.

(b)The Group had the following balances with the major related parties:

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Due from Shanghai Icson Group	237,365		105,176
Due from Tencent Group	174,949		520,094
Due from Staging Finance Group	—		183,260

Total	412,314		808,530


Due to Tencent Group	(321,066	)	(77,893	)
Due to Business Infinite Group	—		(6,209	)
Due to Tuniu Group	—		(721	)
Due to Bitauto Group	—		(311	)

Total	(321,066	)	(85,134	)


Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Bitauto Group	—		(2,755,158	)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Tuniu Group	—		(649,047	)

Total	—		(3,404,205	)

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Group recorded amount due from related parties other than the major related parties as stated above of nil and RMB54,986, which represented approximately nil and 0.50% of the Group’s total accounts receivable, net and prepayments and other current assets, respectively. As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Group recorded amount due to related parties other than the major related parties and deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties other than the major related parties as stated above of RMB4,053 and RMB79,064, which represented approximately 0.02% and 0.19% of the Group’s total accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and deferred revenues, respectively. The Group believes that the terms of the agreements with the related parties are comparable to the terms in arm’s-length transactions with third-party customers and vendors.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References + Details

Employee benefit	12 Months Ended
Employee benefit	Dec. 31, 2015
Employee benefit
Employee benefit	26.Employee benefit Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to the employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries of the Group make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government. The Group has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefit expenses, which were expensed as incurred, were approximately RMB618,052, RMB903,494 and RMB1,815,532 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Lines of credit	12 Months Ended
Lines of credit	Dec. 31, 2015
Line of credit
Lines of credit	27.Lines of credit As of December 31, 2015, the Group had agreements with eighteen PRC commercial banks for unsecured revolving lines of credit, and increased its revolving lines of credit to RMB14,092,000. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants, if any, under those lines of credit as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, under the lines of credit, the Company had RMB3,040,209 outstanding for the liquidity loans, RMB5,510,796 reserved for the issuance of bank acceptance, RMB82,056 reserved for the bank guarantee and RMB180,000 outstanding for the bank factoring.

Commitments and contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

28.Commitments and contingencies

Operating lease commitments

The Group leases office, fulfillment centers and bandwidth under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The rental and bandwidth leasing expenses were RMB621,629, RMB1,084,264 and RMB1,917,683 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, and were charged to Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss when incurred.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more consist of the following:

	Office and fulfillment centers rental	Bandwidth leasing	Total
	RMB	RMB	RMB

2016	1,355,914	240,386	1,596,300
2017	895,534	187,425	1,082,959
2018	508,825	100,410	609,235
2019	305,582	78,318	383,900
2020	270,793	17,172	287,965
2021 and Thereafter	241,050	—	241,050

	3,577,698	623,711	4,201,409

Capital commitments

The Group’s capital commitments primarily relate to commitments on construction of office building and warehouses. Total capital commitments contracted but not yet reflected in the consolidated financial statements amounted to RMB1,289,609 as of December 31, 2015. All of these capital commitments will be fulfilled in the following years according to the construction progress.

Equity investment commitment

On August 7, 2015, the Company entered into definitive agreements with Yonghui Superstores Co., Ltd (“Yonghui”), a leading hypermarket and supermarket operator in China. Under the agreements, the Group will subscribe for newly issued ordinary shares of Yonghui at a purchase price of RMB9.00 per share with total consideration of RMB4,306,708. The Company will hold a 10% equity interest in Yonghui upon completion of the transaction. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2016.

Long-Term Debt Obligations

The Group’s long-term debt obligations are nonrecourse securitization debt which consists of asset-backed debt securities issued in connection with securitization of certain financial assets. The expected repayment amount of the nonrecourse securitization debt is approximately RMB579,843 and RMB2,753,699 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Legal proceedings

From time to time, the Group is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. Third parties assert patent infringement claims against the Group from time to time in the form of letters, lawsuits and other forms of communication. In addition, from time to time, the Group receives notification from customers claiming that they are entitled to indemnification or other obligations from the Group related to infringement claims made against them by third parties. Litigation, even if the Group is ultimately successful, can be costly and divert management’s attention away from the day-to-day operations of the Group.

The Group records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Group reviews the need for any such liability on a regular basis. The Group has not recorded any material liabilities in this regard as of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

Restricted net assets	12 Months Ended
Restricted net assets	Dec. 31, 2015
Restricted net assets
Restricted net assets	29.Restricted net assets The Group’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Group receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries incorporated in PRC only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Group’s subsidiaries. In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, a foreign invested enterprise established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserve funds, namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profits as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. A foreign invested enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profits to the general reserve fund until such reserve fund has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the board of directors for all foreign invested enterprises. The aforementioned reserved funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. Additionally, in accordance with the Company Law of the PRC, a domestic enterprise is required to provide statutory surplus fund at least 10% of its annual after-tax profits until such statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. A domestic enterprise is also required to provide discretionary surplus fund, at the discretion of the board of directors, from the net profits reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. The aforementioned reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations that require annual appropriations of 10% of net after-tax profits to be set aside prior to payment of dividends as general reserve fund or statutory surplus fund, the Group’s PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserve funds, as determined pursuant to PRC GAAP, totaling approximately RMB20,261,086 as of December 31, 2015; therefore in accordance with Rules 4.08 (e) (3) of Regulation S-X, the condensed parent company only financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are disclosed in Note 31.

Subsequent events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent events	Dec. 31, 2015
Subsequent events
Subsequent events	30.Subsequent events In January 2016, JD Finance announced an RMB6,650,000 financing round with lead investors including Sequoia Capital China, China Harvest Investments and China Taiping Insurance, representing approximately 14% ownership of JD Finance on a fully-diluted, post-investment basis. The deal was closed on March 1, 2016. Following the financing, the Group still maintains majority ownership in JD Finance. In April 2016, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with Dada Nexus Limited (“Dada”), China’s largest crowdsourcing delivery company, pursuant to which agreement the Company will merge its O2O business, JD Daojia, with Dada to form a new company, and contribute certain resources and US$200 million in cash. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2016, and upon completion of the transaction the Company will own approximately 47% equity interest of the new company on a fully diluted basis. The Company is still in process of evaluating the accounting impact of the transaction.

Parent company only condensed financial information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Parent company only condensed financial information

Parent company only condensed financial information

31. Parent company only condensed financial information

The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Rule 4-08 (e) (3), “General Notes to Financial Statements” and concluded that it was applicable for the Company to disclose the financial information for the parent company only.

The subsidiaries did not pay any dividend to the Company for the years presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures generally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed and omitted. The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company, as such, these statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The Company did not have significant capital and other commitments, long-term obligations, or guarantees as of December 31, 2015.

Condensed Balance Sheets

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		US$
					Note 2(f)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	8,128,802		8,942,549		1,380,492
Short-term investments	6,119,000		—		—
Prepayments and other current assets	66,209		11,349		1,752
Amount due from related parties	170,592		—		—

Total current assets	14,484,603		8,953,898		1,382,244

Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	16,563,755		16,480,937		2,544,218
Investment securities	—		103,363		15,956
Intangible assets, net	6,456,198		5,056,644		780,611

Total non-current assets	23,019,953		21,640,944		3,340,785

Total assets	37,504,556		30,594,842		4,723,029


LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	6,489		54,227		8,370

Total liabilities	6,489		54,227		8,370


SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,237,460,751 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,208,310,595 outstanding, 556,295,899 Class B ordinary shares issued and 523,407,762 outstanding as of December 31, 2014; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015)	358		358		55
Additional paid-in capital	47,131,172		48,393,126		7,470,611
Statutory reserves	15,009		55,560		8,577
Treasury stock	(4	)	(3	)	(0	)
Accumulated deficit	(9,272,343	)	(18,690,910	)	(2,885,379	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(376,125	)	782,484		120,795

Total shareholders’ equity	37,498,067		30,540,615		4,714,659

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	37,504,556		30,594,842		4,723,029

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$ Note 2(f)
Operating expenses
Marketing	—		(915,455	)	(1,221,580	)	(188,579	)
General and administrative	(4,065	)	(3,834,699	)	(445,095	)	(68,711	)

Loss from operations	(4,065	)	(4,750,154	)	(1,666,675	)	(257,290	)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	(164,843	)	(449,816	)	(7,790,292	)	(1,202,613	)
Interest income	3,987		183,294		143,757		22,192
Others, net	115,022		20,318		(64,806	)	(10,004	)

Net loss	(49,899	)	(4,996,358	)	(9,378,016	)	(1,447,715	)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion	(2,435,366	)	(7,957,640	)	—		—

Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)	(1,447,715	)


Net loss	(49,899	)	(4,996,358	)	(9,378,016	)	(1,447,715	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(137,921	)	(121,612	)	1,181,231		182,350
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	96,501		71,286		(238,852	)	(36,872	)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	(73,277	)	(57,181	)	216,230		33,380

Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	23,224		14,105		(22,622	)	(3,492	)

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(114,697	)	(107,507	)	1,158,609		178,858

Total comprehensive loss	(164,596	)	(5,103,865	)	(8,219,407	)	(1,268,857	)

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$ Note 2(f)

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(1,209	)	101,150		169,018		26,092
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(5,399,613	)	(9,069,394	)	579,850		89,513
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,720,076		17,447,655		75,713		11,688
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(51,988	)	(363,084	)	(10,834	)	(1,672	)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(2,732,734	)	8,116,327		813,747		125,621
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,745,209		12,475		8,128,802		1,254,871

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	12,475		8,128,802		8,942,549		1,380,492

Basis of presentation

The Company’s accounting policies are the same as the Group’s accounting policies with the exception of the accounting for the investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries.

For the Company only condensed financial information, the Company records its investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Such investments are presented on the Condensed Balance Sheets as “Investment in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries” and shares in the subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries’ loss are presented as “Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries” on the Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The parent company only condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Group’ consolidated financial statements.

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

a.Basis of presentation

Principles of consolidation

b.Principles of consolidation

All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Non-controlling interests

c.Non-controlling interests

Use of estimates

d.Use of estimates

Foreign currency translation

e.Foreign currency translation

Convenience translation

f.Convenience translation

Cash and cash equivalents

g.Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

h.Restricted cash

Short-term investments

i.Short-term investments

In addition, short-term investments are also comprised of time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year.

Accounts receivable, net

j.Accounts receivable, net

Inventories, net

k.Inventories, net

Loan receivables, net

l.Loan receivables, net

Property, equipment and software, net

m.Property, equipment and software, net

Category		Estimated Useful lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Office equipment		5 years
Vehicles		5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment		5 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software		3-5 years
Building		40 years
Building improvement		5-10 years

Construction in progress

n.Construction in progress

Land use rights, net

o.Land use rights, net

Intangible assets, net

p.Intangible assets, net

Domain name and copyrights

Intangible assets arising from business combination

Goodwill

q.Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination.

Investment in equity investees

r.Investment in equity investees

Under the cost method, the Company carries the investment at cost and recognizes income to the extent of dividends received from the distribution of the equity investee’s post-acquisition profits.

Investment securities

s.Investment securities

Impairment of long-lived assets

t.Impairment of long-lived assets

Nonrecourse securitization debt

u.Nonrecourse securitization debt

Fair value

v.Fair value

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

Revenue

w.Revenue

Revenue is recorded net of value-added taxes, business taxes and related surcharges.

Online Direct Sales

Services and Others

Customer incentives and loyalty programs

x.Customer incentives and loyalty programs

The Group provides two types of discounted coupons, referred to as D Coupons and J Coupons, for free to its customers to incentivize purchase.

Cost of revenues

y.Cost of revenues

Rebates and subsidies

z.Rebates and subsidies

Fulfillment

aa.Fulfillment

Marketing

bb.Marketing

Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising costs and related expenses for personnel engaged in marketing and business development activities.

Technology and content

cc.Technology and content

General and administrative

dd.General and administrative

Share-based compensation

ee.Share-based compensation

Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in the subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Income tax

ff.Income tax

Leases

gg.Leases

Comprehensive income/(loss)

hh.Comprehensive income/(loss)

Earnings/ (Loss) per share

ii.Earnings/(Loss) per share

Segment reporting

jj.Segment reporting

Statutory reserves

kk.Statutory reserves

The Company’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries established in the PRC are required to make appropriations to certain non-distributable reserve funds.

Recent accounting pronouncements

ll.Recent accounting pronouncements

Principal activities and organization (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Principal activities and organization

Schedule of percentage of legal ownership in major subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries

As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s major subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are as follows:

	Equity interest held		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition
Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Century Trade Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Century”)	100	%	Beijing, China, April 2007
Guangzhou Jingdong Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Guangzhou, China, July 2007
Shanghai Yuanmai Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, August 2007
Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Jiangsu, China, June 2009
Chengdu Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd. (“Chengdu Century”)	100	%	Chengdu, China, December 2009
Beijing Jingdong Century Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2010
Wuhan Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Wuhan, China, February 2011
Shanghai Shengdayuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Shengdayuan”)	100	%	Shanghai, China, April 2011
Jingdong E-Commerce (Express) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, August 2011
Jingdong Technology Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, November 2011
Shenyang Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shenyang, China, January 2012
Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, January 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Logistics) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
JD.com International Limited	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Shangke”)	100	%	Beijing, China, March 2012
Tianjin Star East Co., Ltd.	100	%	Tianjin, China, April 2012
Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, August 2012
Shanghai Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, December 2013
Chongqing Jingdong Haijia E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Chongqing Haijia”)	100	%	Chongqing, China, June 2014
Beijing Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2014

	Economic interest held		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition

VIEs
Beijing Jingdong 360 Degree E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong 360”)	100	%	Beijing, China, April 2007
Fortune Rising Holdings Ltd. (“Fortune Rising”)	100	%	British Virgin Islands, May 2008
Jiangsu Yuanzhou E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Yuanzhou”)	100	%	Jiangsu, China, September 2010
Suqian Limao Donghong Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Suqian Limao”)	100	%	Jiangsu, China, December 2015

VIEs’ Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Shangboguangyi Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Shangboguangyi”)	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2012
Chinabank Payment Business Services Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment”)	100	%	Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Chinabank Payment Technology Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment Technology”)	100	%	Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Shanghai Banghui Commercial Factoring Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, June 2013

Schedule of consolidated financial information

			As of December 31,
			2014		2015
			RMB		RMB
Total assets			3,784,170		12,369,251
Total liabilities			4,180,518		12,705,021

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Total net revenues	2,023,143		3,431,134		4,637,086
Net loss	(206,144	)	(41,228	)	(293,862	)

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(144,315	)	1,450,744		1,394,182
Net cash used in investing activities	(22,659	)	(494,633	)	(169,549	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	262,270		438,891		610,194

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	95,296		1,395,002		1,834,827
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	238,082		333,378		1,728,380

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	333,378		1,728,380		3,563,207

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Summary of significant accounting policies

Schedule of estimated useful lives of property, equipment and software

Category		Estimated Useful lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Office equipment		5 years
Vehicles		5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment		5 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software		3-5 years
Building		40 years
Building improvement		5-10 years

Fair value measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Fair value measurement

Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	December 31, 2014	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	4,323,900	—	4,323,900	—
Restricted cash	3,038,286	—	3,038,286	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	10,402,301	—	10,402,301	—
Wealth management products	1,759,342	—	1,759,342	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	434,118	434,118	—	—

Total assets	19,957,947	434,118	19,523,829	—

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	December 31, 2015	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	462,158	—	462,158	—
Restricted cash	2,114,913	—	2,114,913	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	28,501	—	28,501	—
Wealth management products	2,751,981	—	2,751,981	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	1,005,831	1,005,831	—	—

Total assets	6,363,384	1,005,831	5,357,553	—

Schedule of carrying amount and fair value of available-for-sale securities

	Cost Basis	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses		Provision for decline in value		Fair Value
	RMB	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB

December 31, 2014	421,133	14,512	(1,527	)	—		434,118

December 31, 2015	1,254,589	77,299	—		(326,057	)	1,005,831

Investment in equity investees (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Schedule of investment activity in equity investees

	Cost method		Equity method		Total
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Balance at December 31, 2013	36,502		—		36,502
Additions	552,493		—		552,493
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,036	)	—		(2,036	)

Balance at December 31, 2014	586,959		—		586,959
Additions	2,856,500		7,870,773		10,727,273
Share of results and other comprehensive income	—		(186,302	)	(186,302	)
Transferred from investment securities	—		305,655		305,655
Impairment loss	(285,051	)	(2,867,247	)	(3,152,298	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	149,719		433,243		582,962

Balance at December 31, 2015	3,308,127		5,556,122		8,864,249

Bitauto Group

Schedule of excess of carrying value of investment proportionate share of investees' net tangible and intangible assets

	February 16, 2015		December 31, 2015
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Bitauto (*)	5,496,188		2,881,194
Proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	2,119,109		2,422,659

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	3,377,079		458,535


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill (*)	2,846,260		—
Amortizable intangible assets (**)	707,758		611,379
Deferred tax liabilities	(176,939	)	(152,844	)

	3,377,079		458,535


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Bitauto	—		(2,614,994	)

(**) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Bitauto’s consolidated financial statements was 6 years.

Tuniu Group

Schedule of excess of carrying value of investment proportionate share of investees' net tangible and intangible assets

	May 22, 2015		December 31, 2015
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Tuniu	2,494,145		2,494,331
Proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,014,296		1,029,698

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,479,849		1,464,633


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill	1,212,149		1,212,149
Amortizable intangible assets (*)	356,933		336,645
Deferred tax liabilities	(89,233	)	(84,161	)

	1,479,849		1,464,633


Cumulative gains in equity interest in Tuniu	—		186

(*) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Tuniu’s financial statements was 9 years.

Business Combination (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Transaction with Tencent

Business combination

Schedule of allocation of the purchase price

		Amount
		RMB
Fair value of the Company’s shares issued *		11,644,310
Transaction costs**		20,705

Total value to be allocated in purchase accounting		11,665,015

	Amount		Amortization Years
	RMB
Strategic Cooperation Agreement	6,075,289		5
Non-compete Agreement	1,442,389		8
Combined Platform Business
Cash	60,284
Other current assets	3,587
Property, plant and equipment, net	17,647
Current liabilities	(63,871	)
Technology***	108,800		5
Domain names and trademark***	33,100		10
Advertising customer relationship***	80,400		7
Goodwill***	2,593,420
Deferred tax liability	(41,893	)
Investment in Shanghai Icson	252,779
Call Option	—
Logistic workforce	13,900		3
Land use right	73,632		40
Net cash acquired	1,015,552

Total Purchase price	11,665,015

Accounts receivable, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Accounts receivable, net

Schedule of accounts receivable, net

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables	2,043,243		8,939,054
Online payment processing transactions receivables	182,412		385,547
Advertising receivables	62,705		121,170
Others	219,567		379,059
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of the year	(1,770	)	(71,671	)
Additions	(72,608	)	(324,270	)
Reversals	868		—
Write-offs	1,839		79,395

Balance at end of the year	(71,671	)	(316,546	)

Accounts receivable, net	2,436,256		9,508,284

Inventories, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Inventories, net

Schedule of Inventories, net

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Products	12,119,359	20,436,275
Packing materials and others	71,484	103,268

Inventories, net	12,190,843	20,539,543

Prepayments and other current assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Prepayments and other current assets

Schedule of prepayments and other current assets

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Receivables related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards	811,783	289,196
VAT receivables	—	423,286
Interest receivables	135,498	7,289
Prepaid rental fees	145,501	272,480
Prepaid promotion expenses	45,677	60,788
Deposits	166,945	135,157
Bridge loans	157,438	150,000
Staff loans	151,612	5,182
Employee advances	16,217	20,206
Others	103,663	122,857

Total	1,734,334	1,486,441

Property, equipment and software, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Property, equipment and software, net

Schedule of property, equipment and software, net

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Electronic equipment	1,372,896		3,089,415
Office equipment	33,190		202,422
Vehicles	530,731		843,922
Logistic and warehouse equipment	598,831		1,105,245
Leasehold improvement	136,522		306,352
Software	100,215		149,590
Building and building improvement	661,365		2,526,948

Total	3,433,750		8,223,894
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,025,312	)	(1,990,788	)

Net book value	2,408,438		6,233,106

Land use rights, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Land use rights, net

Schedule of land use rights, net

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Land use rights	1,108,125		1,999,424
Less: Accumulated amortization	(40,872	)	(71,232	)

Net book value	1,067,253		1,928,192

Schedule of amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods

As of December 31, 2015, amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods are estimated to be as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	40,802	40,802	40,802	40,802	40,802	1,724,182

Intangible assets, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Intangible assets, net

Schedule of intangible assets, net

	As of December 31, 2014
	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount	Net Carrying Amount
Strategic Cooperation	6,075,289	(915,455	)	—	5,159,834
Non-compete	1,447,189	(146,364	)	—	1,300,825
Technology	110,900	(17,965	)	—	92,935
Advertising customer relationship	80,400	(9,283	)	—	71,117
Domain names and trademark	79,969	(12,447	)	—	67,522
Logistic workforce	13,900	(3,745	)	—	10,155
Online payment and other licenses	189,000	(27,300	)	—	161,700
Copyrights	28,873	(15,014	)	—	13,859

Total	8,025,520	(1,147,573	)	—	6,877,947

	As of December 31, 2015
	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount		Net Carrying Amount
Strategic Cooperation	6,075,289	(2,130,512	)	—		3,944,777
Non-compete	1,447,189	(327,622	)	—		1,119,567
Technology	110,900	(40,715	)	(69,922	)	263
Advertising customer relationship	80,400	(20,737	)	(59,663	)	—
Domain names and trademark	85,632	(22,893	)	(27,124	)	35,615
Logistic workforce	13,900	(8,378	)	—		5,522
Online payment and other licenses	200,924	(45,981	)	—		154,943
Copyrights	19,656	(16,360	)	—		3,296

Total	8,033,890	(2,613,198	)	(156,709	)	5,263,983

Schedule of amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods

As of December 31, 2015, amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods are estimated to be as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	1,424,705	1,415,781	1,414,590	498,415	198,222	312,270

Other non-current assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Other non-current assets

Schedule of other non-current assets

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Prepayments for purchase of office building	288,999	456,457
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables	—	976,486
Staff loans	—	39,903
Prepayments for purchase of land use rights	96,911	60,519
Rental deposits	108,621	182,256
Prepayments for purchase of property, equipment and software	110,469	70,873
Bridge loans	—	258,167
Others	20,391	62,012

Total	625,391	2,106,673

Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Goodwill.

Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill

	Amounts
	RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2013	14,649
Additions	—

Balance as of December 31, 2013	14,649
Additions	2,607,821

Balance as of December 31, 2014	2,622,470
Additions	—
Impairment	(2,593,420	)

Balance as of December 31, 2015	29,050

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB
Salary and welfare payables	1,577,761	1,689,809
Deposits	1,834,172	3,627,058
Payable related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards	811,783	276,259
Rental fee payables	69,341	135,534
Professional fee accruals	48,121	75,086
Others	970,654	1,374,319

Total	5,311,832	7,178,065

Others, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Others, net.

Schedule of others non-operating income (expense), net

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Foreign exchange gains/(losses), net	92,761		(28,980	)	(57,395	)
Government financial incentives	120,301		214,623		392,022
Impairment of investments	—		—		(611,108	)
Others	(19,507	)	30,944		135,884

Total	193,555		216,587		(140,597	)

Taxation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Taxation

Schedule of components of loss before taxes

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Income/(loss) before tax
Loss from China operations	(236,593	)	(529,173	)	(4,705,034	)
Income/(loss) from non-China operations	186,654		(4,447,861	)	(4,696,810	)

Total loss before tax	(49,939	)	(4,977,034	)	(9,401,844	)


Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations
Current income tax expenses	—		(23,493	)	(28,322	)
Deferred tax benefits	40		4,169		42,584

Subtotal income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations	40		(19,324	)	14,262

Total income tax benefits/(expenses)	40		(19,324	)	14,262

Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015

Statutory income tax rate	25.0	%	25.0	%	25.0	%
Tax effect of preferential tax treatments	172.3	%	1.7	%	1.8	%
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities	54.7	%	(22.4	)%	(11.3	)%
Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction	22.1	%	0.1	%	(0.2	)%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses	(148.4	)%	(3.4	)%	(10.6	)%
Tax effect of non-taxable income	36.5	%	1.1	%	0.2	%
Changes in valuation allowance	(97.0	)%	(0.5	)%	(4.3	)%
Expiration of loss carry forward	(65.1	)%	(2.0	)%	(0.4	)%

Effective tax rates	0.1	%	(0.4	)%	0.2	%

Schedule of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Deferred tax assets
- Allowance for doubtful accounts	17,918		79,136
- Deferred revenues	39,270		66,027
- Net operating loss carry forwards	874,270		1,215,975
Less: valuation allowance	(931,458	)	(1,361,138	)

Net deferred tax assets	—		—


Deferred tax liabilities
- Interest income	5,650		—
- Intangible assets arisen from business combination	38,162		1,228

Total deferred tax liabilities	43,812		1,228

Schedule of movement of valuation allowance

	As of December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balance at beginning of the period	857,413		905,833		931,458
Additions	81,119		156,820		449,381
Reversals	(32,699	)	(131,195	)	(19,701	)

Balance at end of the period	905,833		931,458		1,361,138

Convertible Preferred Shares (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Convertible Preferred Shares

Schedule of Preferred shares

Series	Issuance Date	Shares Issued	Issue Price per Share	Proceeds from Issuance	Shares Outstanding		Carrying Amount
			US$	US$			RMB

A	March 27, 2007	155,000,000	0.0323	5,000	155,000,000		215,626
A-1	August 15, 2007	130,940,000	0.0382	5,000	36,894,000		40,224
B	January 12, 2009	235,310,000	0.0892	21,000	59,539,244		88,241
C	September 21, 2010	178,238,250	0.7742	138,000	258,316,305	*	15,130,903

Share-based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Employees

Share-based compensation

Schedule of non-vested ordinary shares activity

	Number of Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
			US$

Unvested at January 1, 2013	2,829,080		0.24
Granted	—
Vested	(2,320,633	)	0.24
Forfeited	(508,447	)	0.24

Unvested at December 31, 2013	—		—

Schedule of service-based share options activity

Share options	Number of share options		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
			US$		US$

Outstanding as of January 1, 2013	—
Granted	3,048,750		3.96
Share options exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program	23,863,578		3.96
Exercised	—
Forfeited or cancelled	—
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2013	26,912,328		3.96	9.4	—

Granted	2,745,000		8.20
Exercised	(849,844	)	3.96
Forfeited or cancelled	(2,606,232	)	4.31
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2014	26,201,252		4.37	8.5	189,729

Granted	5,652,500		13.17
Exercised	(2,694,404	)	4.07
Forfeited or cancelled	(1,724,726	)	6.07
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	27,434,622		6.10	8.1	275,040

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2015	24,691,160		6.10	8.1	247,536
Exercisable as of December 31, 2015	7,250,546		4.08	7.4	87,394

Schedule of assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant

	2013	2014	2015
Expected volatility	47%~50%	52%~53%	33%~50%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)	1.83%~2.91%	2.42%~3.50%	2.17%~2.65%
Exercise multiples	2.8	2.8	2.0~2.8
Expected dividend yield	—	—	—
Expected term (in years)	7.4~10.0	10.0	10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)	3.96	6.33~12.51	11.57~14.69

Non-employees

Share-based compensation

Schedule of RSUs activity

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
			US$
Unvested at January 1, 2013	—
Granted	107,992		3.96
Vested	(77,992	)	3.96

Unvested at December 31, 2013	30,000		3.96


Unvested at January 1, 2014	30,000		3.96
Granted	389,965		7.89
Vested	(5,000	)	3.96

Unvested at December 31, 2014	414,965		7.65


Unvested at January 1, 2015	414,965		7.65
Granted	300,000		12.94
Vested	(237,779	)	7.56

Unvested at December 31, 2015	477,186		11.02

Founder

Share-based compensation

Schedule of assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant

		2015
Expected volatility		36%~38%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)		2.74%~2.79%
Exercise multiples		2.0
Expected dividend yield		—
Expected term (in years)		10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)		16.70~16.93

Vesting Based On Service | Employees

Share-based compensation

Schedule of RSUs activity

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value

Unvested at January 1, 2013	30,818,337		3.65
Granted	15,075,413		3.95
RSUs exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program	(7,954,526	)	3.83
Vested	(6,365,824	)	3.62
Forfeited	(4,422,552	)	3.66

Unvested at December 31, 2013	27,150,848		3.77


Unvested at January 1, 2014	27,150,848		3.77
Granted	14,588,400		8.43
Vested	(6,385,905	)	3.71
Forfeited	(3,649,817	)	5.07

Unvested at December 31, 2014	31,703,526		5.77


Unvested at January 1, 2015	31,703,526		5.77
Granted	18,295,642		14.37
Vested	(7,130,556	)	4.96
Forfeited	(3,934,276	)	9.73

Unvested at December 31, 2015	38,934,336		9.56

Vesting Based On Performance | Employees

Share-based compensation

Schedule of RSUs activity

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value

Unvested at January 1, 2014	—		—
Granted	1,515,151		6.33
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(48,493	)	6.33

Unvested at December 31, 2014	1,466,658		6.33

Granted	—		—
Vested	(188,936	)	6.33
Forfeited	(401,358	)	6.33

Unvested at December 31, 2015	876,364		6.33

Net loss per share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Net loss per share

Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Numerator:
Net loss	(49,899	)	(4,996,358	)	(9,378,016	)
Series C Preferred Shares redemption value accretion	(2,435,366	)	(7,957,640	)	—

Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)

Numerator for basic net loss per share	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)
Numerator for diluted net loss per share	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)

Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares — basic	1,694,495,048		2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034
Weighted average number of shares — diluted	1,694,495,048		2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034

Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1.47	)	(5.35	)	(3.43	)

Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1.47	)	(5.35	)	(3.43	)

Related party transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Related party transactions

Schedule of the major related parties and their relationships with the Group

The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Group as of December 31, 2015:

Name of related parties		Relationship with the Group

Tencent and its subsidiaries (“Tencent Group”)		Tencent is a shareholder of the Group
Shanghai Icson and its subsidiaries (“Shanghai Icson Group”)		An investee of the Group
Staging Finance Holding Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Staging Finance Group”)		An investee of the Group
China Business Infinite Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Business Infinite Group”)		An investee of the Group
Bitauto and its subsidiaries (“Bitauto Group”)		An investee of the Group
Tuniu and its subsidiaries (“Tuniu Group”)		An investee of the Group

Schedule of the major related party transactions

	For the year ended December 31,
Transactions	2013	2014	2015
	RMB	RMB	RMB
Revenues:
Sales of goods to Staging Finance Group	—	—	1,016,286
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Business Infinite Group	—	—	112,541
Commission service revenue from cooperation on advertising business with Tencent Group	—	95,287	139,602
Online marketplace services provided to Tencent Group	—	272	111
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Shanghai Icson Group	—	164,811	6
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Bitauto Group	—	—	455,161
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Tuniu Group	—	—	51,095

Operating expenses:
Service and purchases from Shanghai Icson Group	—	103,976	168,875
Purchase of advertising resources from Tencent Group	—	88,076	195,805

Schedule of the major related party balances

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB
Due from Shanghai Icson Group	237,365		105,176
Due from Tencent Group	174,949		520,094
Due from Staging Finance Group	—		183,260

Total	412,314		808,530


Due to Tencent Group	(321,066	)	(77,893	)
Due to Business Infinite Group	—		(6,209	)
Due to Tuniu Group	—		(721	)
Due to Bitauto Group	—		(311	)

Total	(321,066	)	(85,134	)


Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Bitauto Group	—		(2,755,158	)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Tuniu Group	—		(649,047	)

Total	—		(3,404,205	)

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Commitments and contingencies

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements

	Office and fulfillment centers rental	Bandwidth leasing	Total
	RMB	RMB	RMB

2016	1,355,914	240,386	1,596,300
2017	895,534	187,425	1,082,959
2018	508,825	100,410	609,235
2019	305,582	78,318	383,900
2020	270,793	17,172	287,965
2021 and Thereafter	241,050	—	241,050

	3,577,698	623,711	4,201,409

Parent company only condensed financial information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Parent company only condensed financial information

Condensed Balance Sheet

Condensed Balance Sheets

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		US$
					Note 2(f)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	8,128,802		8,942,549		1,380,492
Short-term investments	6,119,000		—		—
Prepayments and other current assets	66,209		11,349		1,752
Amount due from related parties	170,592		—		—

Total current assets	14,484,603		8,953,898		1,382,244

Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	16,563,755		16,480,937		2,544,218
Investment securities	—		103,363		15,956
Intangible assets, net	6,456,198		5,056,644		780,611

Total non-current assets	23,019,953		21,640,944		3,340,785

Total assets	37,504,556		30,594,842		4,723,029


LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	6,489		54,227		8,370

Total liabilities	6,489		54,227		8,370


SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,237,460,751 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,208,310,595 outstanding, 556,295,899 Class B ordinary shares issued and 523,407,762 outstanding as of December 31, 2014; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015)	358		358		55
Additional paid-in capital	47,131,172		48,393,126		7,470,611
Statutory reserves	15,009		55,560		8,577
Treasury stock	(4	)	(3	)	(0	)
Accumulated deficit	(9,272,343	)	(18,690,910	)	(2,885,379	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(376,125	)	782,484		120,795

Total shareholders’ equity	37,498,067		30,540,615		4,714,659

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	37,504,556		30,594,842		4,723,029

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$ Note 2(f)
Operating expenses
Marketing	—		(915,455	)	(1,221,580	)	(188,579	)
General and administrative	(4,065	)	(3,834,699	)	(445,095	)	(68,711	)

Loss from operations	(4,065	)	(4,750,154	)	(1,666,675	)	(257,290	)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	(164,843	)	(449,816	)	(7,790,292	)	(1,202,613	)
Interest income	3,987		183,294		143,757		22,192
Others, net	115,022		20,318		(64,806	)	(10,004	)

Net loss	(49,899	)	(4,996,358	)	(9,378,016	)	(1,447,715	)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion	(2,435,366	)	(7,957,640	)	—		—

Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(2,485,265	)	(12,953,998	)	(9,378,016	)	(1,447,715	)


Net loss	(49,899	)	(4,996,358	)	(9,378,016	)	(1,447,715	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(137,921	)	(121,612	)	1,181,231		182,350
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	96,501		71,286		(238,852	)	(36,872	)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	(73,277	)	(57,181	)	216,230		33,380

Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	23,224		14,105		(22,622	)	(3,492	)

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(114,697	)	(107,507	)	1,158,609		178,858

Total comprehensive loss	(164,596	)	(5,103,865	)	(8,219,407	)	(1,268,857	)

Condensed Statements of Cash Flow

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	For the year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$ Note 2(f)

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(1,209	)	101,150		169,018		26,092
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(5,399,613	)	(9,069,394	)	579,850		89,513
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,720,076		17,447,655		75,713		11,688
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(51,988	)	(363,084	)	(10,834	)	(1,672	)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(2,732,734	)	8,116,327		813,747		125,621
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,745,209		12,475		8,128,802		1,254,871

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	12,475		8,128,802		8,942,549		1,380,492

Principal activities and organization (Details)	12 Months Ended
Principal activities and organization (Details)	Dec. 31, 2015
Jingdong 360
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Fortune Rising
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jiangsu Yuanzhou
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Suqian Limao
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shangboguangyi
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Chinabank Payment
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Chinabank Payment Technology
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Banghui Commercial Factoring Co., Ltd.
Organization
Economic interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong Century
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Guangzhou Jingdong Trading Co., Ltd
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Yuanmai Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Chengdu Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Jingdong Century Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Wuhan Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Shengdayuan
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Express) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong Technology Group Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shenyang Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Logistics) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com International Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Shangke
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Tianjin Star East Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Chongqing Haijia
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%

Principal activities and organization (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Total assets	$ 13,147,391		¥ 66,493,172		¥ 85,166,169
Total liabilities	8,411,454		28,995,105		54,487,721
Total net revenues	27,985,883	¥ 181,286,955	115,002,317	¥ 69,339,812
Net loss	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016)	(4,996,358)	(49,899)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(279,655)	(1,811,551)	1,015,016	3,569,819
Net cash used in investing activities	(352,381)	(2,282,652)	(13,203,248)	(2,671,052)
Net cash provided by financing activities	725,598	4,700,273	18,392,028	2,795,184
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	146,535	949,217	6,102,312	3,635,045
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,611,171	16,914,651	10,812,339	7,177,294
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	2,757,706	17,863,868	16,914,651	10,812,339
Common Stock, Value, Issued	55		358		358
Shareholders' deficit	$ (2,885,379)		(9,272,343)		(18,690,910)
VIEs and their subsidiaries
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Total assets			3,784,170		12,369,251
Total liabilities			4,180,518		12,705,021
Total net revenues		4,637,086	3,431,134	2,023,143
Net loss		(293,862)	(41,228)	(206,144)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities		1,394,182	1,450,744	(144,315)
Net cash used in investing activities		(169,549)	(494,633)	(22,659)
Net cash provided by financing activities		610,194	438,891	262,270
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		1,834,827	1,395,002	95,296
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		1,728,380	333,378	238,082
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		3,563,207	1,728,380	¥ 333,378
Asset in the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries that can be used only to settle their obligations except for registered capitals					0
Common Stock, Value, Issued					304,320
Shareholders' deficit			¥ 396,348		¥ 335,770
Jingdong 360 \| Jingdong Century \| Minimum
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
License fee per year		¥ 10
Jingdong 360 \| Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Percentage of service fee	105.00%	105.00%
Jingdong 360 \| Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan \| Maximum
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Service fee per quarter		¥ 20

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Foreign currency translation
Exchange gains/(losses)	$ (8,860)	¥ (57,395,000)	¥ (28,980,000)	¥ 92,761,000
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$ 182,538	¥ 1,182,445,000	(121,612,000)	(137,921,000)
Convenience translation
Convenience translation rate (RMB to USD)	6.4778	6.4778
Short-term investments
Impairment losses related to short-term investments		¥ 0	0	¥ 0
Construction in progress
Amount of construction in progress	$ 195,590		¥ 1,928,899,000		¥ 1,266,992,000
Minimum
Loan receivables, net
Loan periods extended range	1 day	1 day
Maximum
Loan receivables, net
Loan periods extended range	6 months	6 months
Electronic equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	3 years	3 years
Office equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	5 years	5 years
Vehicles
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	5 years	5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	5 years	5 years
Leasehold improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term	Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software \| Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	3 years	3 years
Software \| Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	5 years	5 years
Building
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	40 years	40 years
Building improvement \| Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	5 years	5 years
Building improvement \| Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful lives	10 years	10 years

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details 2) - CNY (¥)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Nonrecourse Securitization Debt
Collateralized accounts receivables and loans	¥ 4,320,000,000	¥ 0
Weighted average interest rate	5.30%
Minimum
Land use rights, net
Estimated useful lives	40 years
Maximum
Land use rights, net
Estimated useful lives	70 years
Domain name
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives	10 years
Copyrights \| Minimum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives	2 years
Copyrights \| Maximum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives	5 years

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details 3) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) item	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Revenue
Online direct sales	$ 25,891,658	¥ 167,720,984,000	¥ 108,549,258,000	¥ 67,017,977,000
Customer incentives and loyalty programs
Types of Discounted Coupons \| item	2	2
Fulfillment
Shipping cost		¥ 7,236,163,000	4,077,586,000	2,068,781,000
Marketing
Advertising costs		5,721,216,000	2,780,642,000	1,491,467,000
Statutory reserves
Appropriations of statutory reserves		40,551,000	12,361,000	810,000
Appropriations to other reserve funds		¥ 0	0	0
PRC \| General reserve fund \| Foreign invested enterprise
Statutory reserves
Minimum portion of after tax profit to be allocated to general reserve under PRC law (as a percentage)	10.00%	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%	50.00%
PRC \| Statutory surplus reserve \| Domestic enterprise
Statutory reserves
Minimum portion of after tax profit to be allocated to statutory surplus under PRC law (as a percentage)	10.00%	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory surplus reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%	50.00%
Electronics and home appliance products
Revenue
Online direct sales		¥ 134,346,243,000	90,890,026,000	56,814,078,000
General merchandise products
Revenue
Online direct sales		¥ 33,374,741,000	¥ 17,659,232,000	¥ 10,203,899,000

Concentration and risks (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	36 Months Ended
Concentration and risks (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2008	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Minimum
Concentration and risks
Foreign currency exchange appreciation rate	20.00%
Currency convertibility risk
Concentration and risks
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments		¥ 12,630,577	¥ 9,054,762

- Definition

Cash includes currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. It also includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits in that the customer may deposit additional funds at any time and effectively may withdraw funds at any time without prior notice or penalty. Cash equivalents, excluding items classified as marketable securities, include short-term, highly liquid Investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present minimal risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments with original maturities of three months or less qualify under that definition. Original maturity means original maturity to the entity holding the investment. For example, both a three-month US Treasury bill and a three-year Treasury note purchased three months from maturity qualify as cash equivalents. However, a Treasury note purchased three years ago does not become a cash equivalent when its remaining maturity is three months. Short-term investments, exclusive of cash equivalents, generally consist of marketable securities intended to be sold within one year (or the normal operating cycle if longer) and may include trading securities, available-for-sale securities, or held-to-maturity securities (if maturing within one year), as applicable.

+ References + Details

Restricted cash and restricted time deposit (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit
Restricted cash		$ 326,486	¥ 2,114,913	¥ 3,038,286
Short-term bank loans		$ 469,327	3,040,209	1,890,771
Bank loan
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit
Short-term bank loans \| $	$ 309,000
Restricted cash for issuance of bank acceptance and letter of guarantee
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit
Restricted cash			¥ 2,114,913	1,038,286
Restricted cash for collaterals for the short-term bank loans
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit
Restricted cash				¥ 2,000,000
Term of bank deposits	1 year

Fair value measurement (Details) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
Fair value measurement (Details) $ in Thousands	May 26, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Assets
Investment securities			¥ 434,118,000		$ 155,274	¥ 1,005,831,000
Short-term investments
Gross unrealized gains			14,512,000			77,299,000
Gross unrealized losses			1,527,000
Impairment charges		¥ 0	0	¥ 0
Investment securities
Cost Basis			421,133,000			1,254,589,000
Gross Unrealized Gains			14,512,000			77,299,000
Gross Unrealized Losses			(1,527,000)
Provision for decline in value						(326,057,000)
Fair Value			434,118,000			1,005,831,000
Impairment charges of available-for-sale investments		326,057,000	0	0
Investments under cost method			586,959,000			3,308,127,000
Others, net
Investment securities
Impairment losses related to cost method investments		285,051,000	0	0
Kingdee
Investment securities
Percentage of outstanding ordinary shares subscribed	10.00%
Total cash consideration for the investment	¥ 1,047,296,000
Wealth management products
Short-term investments
Gross unrealized gains			24,344,000			1,981,000
Investment securities
Gross Unrealized Gains			24,344,000			1,981,000
Parent company
Assets
Investment securities					$ 15,956	103,363,000
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Investment securities
Impairment losses related to cost method investments			0	¥ 0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Others, net
Investment securities
Impairment losses related to cost method investments		¥ 285,051,000
Recurring basis
Assets
Restricted cash			3,038,286,000			2,114,913,000
Total assets			19,957,947,000			6,363,384,000
Recurring basis \| Time deposits
Assets
Short-term investments			10,402,301,000			28,501,000
Recurring basis \| Wealth management products
Assets
Short-term investments			1,759,342,000			2,751,981,000
Recurring basis \| Listed equity securities
Assets
Investment securities			434,118,000			1,005,831,000
Recurring basis \| Time deposits
Assets
Cash equivalents:			4,323,900,000			462,158,000
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Assets
Total assets			434,118,000			1,005,831,000
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) \| Listed equity securities
Assets
Investment securities			434,118,000			1,005,831,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets
Restricted cash			3,038,286,000			2,114,913,000
Total assets			19,523,829,000			5,357,553,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Time deposits
Assets
Short-term investments			10,402,301,000			28,501,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Wealth management products
Assets
Short-term investments			1,759,342,000			2,751,981,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Time deposits
Assets
Cash equivalents:			¥ 4,323,900,000			¥ 462,158,000

Investment in equity investees (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Equity investee activity [Roll Forward]
Balance at year beginning		¥ 586,959	¥ 36,502
Additions		10,727,273	552,493
Share of results and other comprehensive income		(186,302)
Transferred from investment securities		305,655
Impairment loss		(3,152,298)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		582,962	(2,036)
Balance at year end	$ 1,368,404	8,864,249	586,959
Cost method
Equity investee activity [Roll Forward]
Balance at year beginning		586,959	36,502
Additions		2,856,500	552,493
Impairment loss		(285,051)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		149,719	(2,036)
Balance at year end		3,308,127	¥ 586,959
Equity method
Equity investee activity [Roll Forward]
Additions		7,870,773
Share of results and other comprehensive income		(186,302)
Transferred from investment securities		305,655
Impairment loss		(2,867,247)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		433,243
Balance at year end		¥ 5,556,122

Investment in equity investees (Details 2) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Schedule of Cost-method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value of cost method investments	¥ 3,308,127	¥ 586,959
Cost method investments	2,856,500
Top investee one
Schedule of Cost-method Investments [Line Items]
Cost method investments	648,829
Top investee two
Schedule of Cost-method Investments [Line Items]
Cost method investments	¥ 551,957

Investment in equity investees (Details 3) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 22, 2015 CNY (¥) item	Feb. 16, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Investments accounted for under the equity method										¥ 5,556,122,000
Total consideration in resources						$ 592,629	¥ 3,838,933,000
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment										5,556,122,000
Bitauto Group
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Investments accounted for under the equity method		¥ 5,496,188,000								2,881,194,000
Percentage of outstanding shares subscribed (in percentage)		25.00%
Total consideration for equity investment		¥ 5,496,188,000
Total consideration in cash		2,450,920,000
Total consideration in resources		¥ 3,045,268,000
Total consideration in resources, additional support period from key platform		5 years
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment		¥ 5,496,188,000								2,881,194,000
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets		2,119,109,000								2,422,659,000
Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets		3,377,079,000								458,535,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to goodwill		2,846,260,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to amortizable intangible assets		707,758,000								611,379,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to deferred tax liabilities		¥ (176,939,000)								(152,844,000)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest										(2,614,994,000)
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method				¥ 2,867,247,000
Fair value of equity method investments										2,881,194,000
Quoted closing stock price \| $ / shares						$ 28.28
Weighted average life of the intangible assets		6 years				6 years	6 years
Tuniu Group
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Investments accounted for under the equity method	¥ 2,494,145,000									2,494,331,000
Percentage of outstanding shares subscribed (in percentage)	28.00%		6.50%					6.50%
Total consideration for equity investment	¥ 2,188,490,000
Total consideration in cash	1,528,275,000		¥ 305,930,000
Total consideration in resources	¥ 660,215,000
Total consideration in resources, with exclusive right	5 years
Number of board seat held \| item	1
Unrealized gain, previously recorded, reversed					¥ 14,395,000
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment	¥ 2,494,145,000									2,494,331,000
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets	1,014,296,000									1,029,698,000
Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets	1,479,849,000									1,464,633,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to goodwill	1,212,149,000									1,212,149,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to amortizable intangible assets	356,933,000									336,645,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to deferred tax liabilities	¥ (89,233,000)									(84,161,000)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest										186,000
Quoted closing stock price \| $ / shares						$ 15.98
Weighted average life of the intangible assets	9 years					9 years	9 years
Aggregate market values										¥ 2,700,098,000
Others, net
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Impairment charges in connection with the cost method							¥ 285,051,000	¥ 0	¥ 0
Share of results of equity investees
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method							¥ 2,867,247,000	¥ 0	¥ 0

Business Combination (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Business Combination (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 10, 2014 CNY (¥) item shares	Apr. 30, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2012 CNY (¥)
Allocation of purchase price
Goodwill					¥ 2,622,470,000	¥ 14,649,000	$ 4,485	¥ 29,050,000	¥ 14,649,000
Goodwill impairment charge				¥ 2,593,420,000	¥ 0	¥ 0
Intangible assets impaired				¥ 156,709,000
Combined Platform Business
Allocation of purchase price
Goodwill impairment charge			¥ 2,593,420,000
Intangible assets impaired			¥ 156,709,000
Deferred tax liability reversed								¥ 27,796,000
Paipai.com
Allocation of purchase price
Transitional period				3 months
Shanghai Icson
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Payment to acquire remaining equity interest		¥ 800,000,000
Transaction with Tencent \| Huang River Investment Limited
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Ordinary shares issued as consideration for the Transaction \| shares	351,678,637
Shares issued on a fully diluted basis (as a percent)	15.00%
Acquisition transaction
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued	¥ 11,644,310,000
Transaction costs	20,705,000
Net cash acquired	1,015,552,000
Total Purchase price	11,665,015,000
Acquisition transaction \| Call Option
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Minimum price to be paid to acquire remaining equity interest in acquiree	¥ 800,000,000
Maximum period to acquire remaining interest in acquiree	3 years
Acquisition transaction \| Logistic workforce
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 13,900,000
Amortization years	3 years
Acquisition transaction \| Land use rights.
Allocation of purchase price
Land use right	¥ 73,632,000
Amortization years	40 years
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Business operation acquired (as a percent)	100.00%
Number of online marketplace platforms acquired \| item	2
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued	¥ 2,791,474,000
Cash	60,284,000
Other current assets	3,587,000
Property, plant and equipment, net	17,647,000
Current liabilities	(63,871,000)
Goodwill	2,593,420,000
Deferred tax liability	(41,893,000)
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business \| Technology
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 108,800,000
Amortization years	5 years
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business \| Domain names and trademark
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 33,100,000
Amortization years	10 years
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business \| Advertising customer relationship
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 80,400,000
Amortization years	7 years
Acquisition transaction \| Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistics workforce, Land use right, and Net cash acquired
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued	¥ 8,852,836,000
Acquisition transaction \| Shanghai Icson
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Percentage of equity interest acquired	9.90%
Discount rate (as a percent)	22.00%
Allocation of purchase price
Investment in Shanghai Icson	¥ 252,779,000
Strategic Cooperation Agreement
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Discount rate (as a percent)	17.50%
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 6,075,289,000
Amortization years	5 years
Non-compete Agreement
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Discount rate (as a percent)	17.50%
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 1,442,389,000
Amortization years	8 years

Accounts receivable, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of the year	¥ (71,671)	¥ (1,770)
Additions	(324,270)	(72,608)
Reversals		868
Write-offs	79,395	1,839
Balance at end of the year	¥ (316,546)	(71,671)
Accounts receivable, net		2,436,256	$ 1,467,826	¥ 9,508,284
Allowance for doubtful accounts of finance business		64,228		297,913
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross		2,043,243		8,939,054
Online payment processing transactions receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross		182,412		385,547
Advertising receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross		62,705		121,170
Others
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross		¥ 219,567		¥ 379,059

Inventories, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Inventories
Inventories, net	$ 3,170,759	¥ 20,539,543	¥ 12,190,843
Products
Inventories
Inventories, net		20,436,275	12,119,359
Packing materials and others
Inventories
Inventories, net		¥ 103,268	¥ 71,484

Prepayments and other current assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Prepayments and other current assets
Receivables related to employees' exercise of share-based awards		¥ 289,196	¥ 811,783
VAT receivables		423,286
Interest receivables		7,289	135,498
Prepaid rental fees		272,480	145,501
Prepaid promotion expenses		60,788	45,677
Deposits		135,157	166,945
Bridge loans		150,000	157,438
Staff loans		5,182	151,612
Employee advances		20,206	16,217
Others		122,857	103,663
Total	$ 229,467	¥ 1,486,441	¥ 1,734,334

Property, equipment and software, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		¥ 3,433,750			¥ 8,223,894
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(1,025,312)			(1,990,788)
Net book value		2,408,438		$ 962,226	6,233,106
Depreciation expenses	¥ 1,123,076	514,974	¥ 257,213
Electronic equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		1,372,896			3,089,415
Office equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		33,190			202,422
Vehicles
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		530,731			843,922
Logistic and warehouse equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		598,831			1,105,245
Leasehold improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		136,522			306,352
Software
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		100,215			149,590
Building and building improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		¥ 661,365			¥ 2,526,948

Land use rights, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Land use rights, net
Land use rights		¥ 1,108,125			¥ 1,999,424
Less: Accumulated amortization		(40,872)			(71,232)
Net book value		1,067,253		$ 297,662	1,928,192
Amortization expenses	¥ 30,360	¥ 19,342	¥ 11,700
Amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods
2016					40,802
2017					40,802
2018					40,802
2019					40,802
2020					40,802
2021 and thereafter					¥ 1,724,182

Intangible assets, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 8,025,520			¥ 8,033,890
Accumulated amortization		(1,147,573)			(2,613,198)
Impairment Amount	¥ (156,709)
Net Carrying Amount		6,877,947		$ 812,619	5,263,983
Amortization expenses	1,465,625	1,116,217	¥ 24,228
Intangible assets impairment charge recorded	156,709
Amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods
2016					1,424,705
2017					1,415,781
2018					1,414,590
2019					498,415
2020					198,222
2021 and thereafter					312,270
Strategic Cooperation Agreement
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		6,075,289			6,075,289
Accumulated amortization		(915,455)			(2,130,512)
Net Carrying Amount		5,159,834			3,944,777
Non-compete Agreement
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		1,447,189			1,447,189
Accumulated amortization		(146,364)			(327,622)
Net Carrying Amount		1,300,825			1,119,567
Technology
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		110,900			110,900
Accumulated amortization		(17,965)			(40,715)
Impairment Amount	(69,922)
Net Carrying Amount		92,935			263
Advertising customer relationship
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		80,400			80,400
Accumulated amortization		(9,283)			(20,737)
Impairment Amount	(59,663)
Net Carrying Amount		71,117
Domain names and trademark
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		79,969			85,632
Accumulated amortization		(12,447)			(22,893)
Impairment Amount	¥ (27,124)
Net Carrying Amount		67,522			35,615
Logistic workforce
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		13,900			13,900
Accumulated amortization		(3,745)			(8,378)
Net Carrying Amount		10,155			5,522
Online payment and other licenses
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		189,000			200,924
Accumulated amortization		(27,300)			(45,981)
Net Carrying Amount		161,700			154,943
Copyrights
Intangible assets, net
Gross Carrying Amount		28,873			19,656
Accumulated amortization		(15,014)			(16,360)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 13,859			¥ 3,296

Other non-current assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Other non-current assets
Prepayments for purchase of office building		¥ 456,457	¥ 288,999
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables		976,486
Staff loans		39,903
Prepayments for purchase of land use rights		60,519	96,911
Rental deposits		182,256	108,621
Prepayments for purchase of property, equipment and software		70,873	110,469
Bridge loans		258,167
Others		62,012	20,391
Total	$ 325,214	¥ 2,106,673	¥ 625,391

Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance		¥ 2,622,470,000	¥ 14,649,000	¥ 14,649,000
Additions			2,607,821,000
Impairment		(2,593,420,000)	0	0
Goodwill, Ending Balance	$ 4,485	¥ 29,050,000	¥ 2,622,470,000	¥ 14,649,000

Short-term bank loans (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 07, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Short-term bank loans
Short-term bank loans		$ 469,327	¥ 3,040,209,000		¥ 1,890,771,000
Time deposits pledged to secure bank loan \| ¥			¥ 4,320,000,000		0
Weighted average interest rate		5.30%	5.30%
Short-term bank loan entered in March 2014
Short-term bank loans
Short-term bank loans \| ¥					¥ 1,890,771,000
Bank loan
Short-term bank loans
Short-term bank loans \| $				$ 309,000
Weighted average interest rate		4.40%	4.40%
Bank loan \| Short-term bank loan entered in March 2014
Short-term bank loans
Time deposits pledged to secure bank loan \| $	$ 309,000
Bank loan \| Short-term bank loan entered in March 2014 \| 1-month LIBOR
Short-term bank loans
Percentage over variable rate basis	0.80%

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Salary and welfare payables		¥ 1,689,809	¥ 1,577,761
Deposits		3,627,058	1,834,172
Payable related to employees' exercise of share-based awards		276,259	811,783
Rental fee payables		135,534	69,341
Professional fee accruals		75,086	48,121
Others		1,374,319	970,654
Total	$ 1,108,102	¥ 7,178,065	¥ 5,311,832

Others, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Others, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Others, net.
Foreign exchange gains/(losses), net	$ (8,860)	¥ (57,395)	¥ (28,980)	¥ 92,761
Government financial incentives		392,022	214,623	120,301
Impairment of investments	(94,339)	(611,108)
Others				(19,507)
Others		135,884	30,944
Total	$ (21,704)	¥ (140,597)	¥ 216,587	¥ 193,555

Taxation (Details)		12 Months Ended				48 Months Ended	72 Months Ended
Taxation (Details)	Mar. 16, 2007	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Taxation
Applicable tax rate approved (as a percent)		25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Chongqing Haijia \| Encouraged industry in the Western Regions of China
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)		15.00%	15.00%
Chengdu Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd. \| Encouraged industry in the Western Regions of China
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)		15.00%	15.00%
PRC
Taxation
Applicable tax rate approved (as a percent)	25.00%
Withholding tax rate on dividend distributed by FIE		10.00%
Maximum rate of withholding tax for dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong under specified conditions		5.00%
Minimum ownership percentage of the FIE by foreign investors to qualify for withholding tax rate limit for dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong		25.00%
PRC \| Chinabank Payment Technology \| High and new technology enterprise
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)							15.00%
PRC \| Beijing Shangke \| High and new technology enterprise
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)						15.00%
PRC \| Beijing Shangke \| Software enterprise
Taxation
Number of years exempted from income tax		2 years
Reduction percentage of preferential corporate income tax rate		50.00%
Number of years half exempted income tax		3 years
PRC \| Sales of audio, video products and books
Taxation
VAT rate (as a percent)		13.00%
PRC \| Sales of other products
Taxation
VAT rate (as a percent)		17.00%
PRC \| Online advertising and other services
Taxation
VAT rate (as a percent)		6.00%
Percentage of cultural undertaking development fees		3.00%
Business tax rate (as a percent)					5.00%
PRC \| Logistic services
Taxation
VAT rate one (as a percent)		6.00%
VAT rate two (as a percent)		11.00%
Business tax rate (as a percent)					3.00%
PRC \| Online payment services \| Chinabank Payment
Taxation
Business tax rate (as a percent)		5.00%
PRC \| Online payment services \| Chinabank Payment Technology
Taxation
Business tax rate (as a percent)		5.00%
Hong Kong
Taxation
Profit tax rate (as a percent)		16.50%

Taxation (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Taxation (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Income/(loss) before tax
Loss from China operations		¥ (4,705,034)	¥ (529,173)	¥ (236,593)
Income/(loss) from non-China operations		(4,696,810)	(4,447,861)	186,654
Loss before tax	$ (1,451,394)	(9,401,844)	(4,977,034)	(49,939)
Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations
Current income tax expenses		(28,322)	(23,493)
Deferred tax benefits		42,584	4,169	40
Subtotal income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations		14,262	(19,324)	40
Total income tax benefits/(expenses)	$ 2,202	¥ 14,262	¥ (19,324)	¥ 40

Taxation (Details 3) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Taxation (Details 3) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Reconciliation of differences between statutory tax rate and effective tax rate
Statutory income tax rate (as a percent)	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Tax effect of preferential tax treatments (as a percent)	1.80%	1.70%	172.30%
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities (as a percent)	(11.30%)	(22.40%)	54.70%
Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction (as a percent)	(0.20%)	0.10%	22.10%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses (as a percent)	(10.60%)	(3.40%)	(148.40%)
Tax effect of non-taxable income (as a percent)	0.20%	1.10%	36.50%
Changes in valuation allowance (as a percent)	(4.30%)	(0.50%)	(97.00%)
Expiration of loss carry forward (as a percent)	(0.40%)	(2.00%)	(65.10%)
Effective tax rates (as a percent)	0.20%	(0.40%)	0.10%
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for doubtful accounts				¥ 79,136	¥ 17,918
Deferred revenues				66,027	39,270
Net operating loss carry forwards				1,215,975	874,270
Less: valuation allowance	¥ (931,458)	¥ (905,833)	¥ (857,413)	(1,361,138)	(931,458)
Net deferred tax assets				0	0
Deferred tax liabilities
Interest income					5,650
Intangible assets arisen from business combination				1,228	38,162
Total deferred tax liabilities				1,228	¥ 43,812
Net operating loss carry forwards				¥ 4,988,224
Movement of valuation allowance
Balance at beginning of the period	931,458	905,833	857,413
Additions	449,381	156,820	81,119
Reversals	(19,701)	(131,195)	(32,699)
Balance at end of the period	¥ 1,361,138	¥ 931,458	¥ 905,833

Convertible Preferred Shares (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands					1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 21, 2010 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 12, 2009 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 15, 2007 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 27, 2007 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2013 shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	May 28, 2014 CNY (¥) shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Accretion of Series C Preference Shares \| ¥						¥ 7,957,640	¥ 2,435,366
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Shares Issued				155,000,000
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.0323
Proceeds from Issuance, convertible preferred shares \| $				$ 5,000
Preferred shares, shares Outstanding								155,000,000
Preferred shares,carrying Amount \| ¥								¥ 215,626
Series A-1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Shares Issued			130,940,000
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.0382
Proceeds from Issuance, convertible preferred shares \| $			$ 5,000
Preferred shares, shares Outstanding								36,894,000
Preferred shares,carrying Amount \| ¥								¥ 40,224
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares)	64,579,075
Series B convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Shares Issued		235,310,000
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.0892
Proceeds from Issuance, convertible preferred shares \| $		$ 21,000
Preferred shares, shares Outstanding								59,539,244
Preferred shares,carrying Amount \| ¥								¥ 88,241
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares)	15,498,980				25,247,161
Series C Preferred Shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Shares Issued	178,238,250
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.7742
Proceeds from issuance, convertible redeemable preferred shares \| $	$ 138,000
Convertible redeemable preferred shares, shares Outstanding								258,316,305
Convertible redeemable preferred shares, carrying Amount \| ¥								¥ 15,130,903
Accretion of Series C Preference Shares \| ¥						¥ 7,957,640

Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 21, 2010 shares	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares
Foreign currency translation adjustments			$ 182,538	¥ 1,182,445	¥ (121,612)	¥ (137,921)
Series B convertible preferred shares
Re-designation of Series B Preferred Shares
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares	15,498,980	25,247,161
Adjustments to additional paid-in capital		¥ 34,108
Foreign currency translation adjustments		¥ 4,065

Ordinary Shares (Details) - $ / shares	1 Months Ended
Ordinary Shares (Details) - $ / shares	May 31, 2014	Mar. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.00002	$ 0.00002
RSUs and share options
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares reserved for issuance			93,722,508	59,786,401
Ordinary shares \| Huang River Investment Limited
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares issued		351,678,637
Class A ordinary shares
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares issued	166,120,400
Class A ordinary shares \| Private Placement
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares issued	139,493,960

Share-based Compensation (Details) ¥ in Thousands			1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Share-based Compensation (Details) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 20, 2013 $ / shares	Dec. 20, 2013 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2013 shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥				¥ 1,193,945	¥ 4,249,548	¥ 261,173
Number of ordinary shares available for future grants				195,907,439
Share option exchange program
Share-based compensation
Incremental value of shares as a result of share exchange recognized as compensation expense (in CNY) \| ¥		¥ 89,030
Share option exchange program \| Minimum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested		1 year
Share option exchange program \| Maximum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested		6 years
Share option exchange program \| RSUs
Share-based compensation
Number of unvested RSUs exchanged (in shares)		7,954,526	7,954,526
Share option exchange program \| Employee options
Share-based compensation
Exercise price of shares exchanged (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 3.96
Number of options issued upon exchange of unvested RSUs (in shares)		23,863,578

Share-based Compensation (Details 2)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Share-based Compensation (Details 2)	Dec. 20, 2013 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2013 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2013 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥				¥ 1,193,945,000		¥ 4,249,548,000		¥ 261,173,000
Employees \| Non-vested ordinary shares
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares)			0	0				2,829,080
Vested (in shares)								(2,320,633)
Forfeited (in shares)								(508,447)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares)					0	0
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0				$ 0.24
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							0.24
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							0.24
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 0
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥				¥ 0		¥ 0		¥ 1,142,000
Employees \| Non-vested ordinary shares \| Minimum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested			3 years	3 years
Employees \| Non-vested ordinary shares \| Maximum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested			6 years	6 years
Employees \| RSUs \| Minimum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested			3 years	3 years
Employees \| RSUs \| Maximum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested			6 years	6 years
Employees \| RSUs \| Vesting Based On Service
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares)			31,703,526	31,703,526	27,150,848	27,150,848		30,818,337
Granted (in shares)			18,295,642	18,295,642	14,588,400	14,588,400		15,075,413
RSUs exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program (in shares)								(7,954,526)
Vested (in shares)			(7,130,556)	(7,130,556)	(6,385,905)	(6,385,905)		(6,365,824)
Forfeited (in shares)			(3,934,276)	(3,934,276)	(3,649,817)	(3,649,817)		(4,422,552)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares)		27,150,848	38,934,336	38,934,336	31,703,526	31,703,526		27,150,848
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 5.77		$ 3.77		3.65
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			14.37		8.43		3.95
RSUs exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							3.83
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			4.96		3.71		3.62
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			9.73		5.07		3.66
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 3.77	$ 9.56		$ 5.77		3.77
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥				¥ 690,742,000		¥ 386,632,000		¥ 254,124,000
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options \| ¥									¥ 1,649,328,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized			5 years 1 month 6 days	5 years 1 month 6 days
Employees \| RSUs \| Vesting Based On Performance
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares)			1,466,658	1,466,658
Granted (in shares)			0	0	1,515,151	1,515,151		0
Vested (in shares)			(188,936)	(188,936)
Forfeited (in shares)			(401,358)	(401,358)	(48,493)	(48,493)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares)			876,364	876,364	1,466,658	1,466,658
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 6.33
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 6.33
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			6.33
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			6.33		6.33
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 6.33		6.33
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥				¥ 4,630,000		¥ 14,124,000		¥ 0
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options \| ¥									7,788,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized			3 years 1 month 6 days	3 years 1 month 6 days
Employees \| Employee options
Number of share options
Exercised								0
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥				¥ 103,962,000		¥ 115,469,000		¥ 4,007,000
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted \| $ / shares			$ 5.59		$ 4.48		$ 1.94
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to options \| ¥									¥ 271,059,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized			5 years	5 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Intrinsic Value \| $			$ 29,522,000		$ 6,648,000
Cash received from the exercises of share options \| $			12,332,000		0
Cash Receivable From Stock Option Exercises \| $			$ 1,992,000		$ 3,365,000
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Exercise multiples					2.8	2.8		2.8
Expected dividend yield (as a percent)			0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years)			10 years	10 years
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars) \| $		$ 3.96					$ 3.96
Employees \| Employee options \| Minimum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested			3 years	3 years
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)			33.00%	33.00%	52.00%	52.00%		47.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)			2.17%	2.17%	2.42%	2.42%		1.83%
Exercise multiples			2.0	2.0
Expected term (in years)			10 years	10 years				7 years 4 months 24 days
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars) \| $			$ 11.57		$ 6.33
Employees \| Employee options \| Maximum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested			6 years	6 years
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)			50.00%	50.00%	53.00%	53.00%		50.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)			2.65%	2.65%	3.50%	3.50%		2.91%
Exercise multiples			2.8	2.8
Expected term (in years)					10 years	10 years		10 years
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars) \| $			$ 14.69		$ 12.51
Employees \| Employee options \| Vesting Based On Service
Number of share options
Outstanding at the beginning of the year (in shares)			26,201,252	26,201,252	26,912,328	26,912,328
Granted (in shares)			5,652,500	5,652,500	2,745,000	2,745,000		3,048,750
Share options exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program								23,863,578
Exercised			(2,694,404)	(2,694,404)	(849,844)	(849,844)
Forfeited or cancelled (in shares)			(1,724,726)	(1,724,726)	(2,606,232)	(2,606,232)
Expired (in shares)			0	0
Outstanding at the end of the year (in shares)		26,912,328	27,434,622	27,434,622	26,201,252	26,201,252		26,912,328
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in shares)			24,691,160						24,691,160
Exercisable at the end of the year (in shares)			7,250,546						7,250,546
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 4.37		$ 3.96
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			13.17		8.20		$ 3.96
Share options exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							3.96
Exercised (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			4.07		3.96
Forfeited or cancelled (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			6.07		4.31
Outstanding at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 3.96	6.10		$ 4.37		$ 3.96
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			6.10
Expired (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			0.00
Exercisable at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 4.08
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding at the end of the year			8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 6 months	8 years 6 months		9 years 4 months 24 days
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year			8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 1 month 6 days
Exercisable at the end of the year			7 years 4 months 24 days	7 years 4 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the end of the year (in dollars) \| $			$ 275,040,000		$ 189,729,000
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in dollars) \| $			247,536,000
Exercisable at the end of the year (in dollars) \| $			$ 87,394,000
Share option exchange program \| Minimum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested	1 year
Share option exchange program \| Maximum
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested	6 years
Share option exchange program \| RSUs
Number of Shares
RSUs exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program (in shares)	(7,954,526)	(7,954,526)
Share option exchange program \| Employee options
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
RSUs exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 3.96
Number of share options
Granted (in shares)	23,863,578
Share option exchange program \| Employees \| Employee options
Number of share options
Share options exchanged in connection with the share option exchange program		23,863,578
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 3.96

Share-based Compensation (Details 3) ¥ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
Share-based Compensation (Details 3) ¥ in Thousands	Mar. 11, 2014 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2013 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥) shares
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥			¥ 1,193,945		¥ 4,249,548		¥ 261,173
Non-employees \| RSUs
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares) \| shares			414,965		30,000
Granted (in shares) \| shares			300,000		389,965		107,992
Vested (in shares) \| shares			(237,779)		(5,000)		(77,992)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares) \| shares			477,186		414,965		30,000
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share)		$ 7.65		$ 3.96
Granted (in dollars per share)		12.94		7.89		$ 3.96
Vested (in dollars per share)		7.56		3.96		3.96
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share)		$ 11.02		7.65		3.96
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥			¥ 23,305		¥ 15,917		¥ 1,900
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options \| ¥		$ 33,635	¥ 33,635
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized			5 years 3 months 18 days
Grant date fair value		$ 7.56		$ 3.96		$ 3.96
Founder \| RSUs
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares) \| shares	93,780,970
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Vested (in dollars per share)	$ 6.3
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥					¥ 3,685,041
Grant date fair value	$ 6.3

Share-based Compensation (Details 4)	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Share-based Compensation (Details 4)	Oct. 31, 2015	May 31, 2015 $ / shares shares	May 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Share-based compensation expenses				¥ 1,193,945,000	¥ 4,249,548,000	¥ 261,173,000
2015 JD Finance Plan
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Shares granted as the percentage of ordinary shares	7.25%
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the founder share options granted				¥ 484,590,000
Founder options
Share-based compensation
Term of compensation plan			10 years
Cash salary to be received per year			¥ 1
Cash bonus to be received			¥ 0
Vesting schedule			10 years
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Exercise multiples				2.0
Expected term (in years)				10 years
Share-based compensation expenses				¥ 240,024,000
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the founder share options granted				¥ 1,100,865,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized				9 years 4 months 24 days
Founder options \| Minimum
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)				36.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)				2.74%
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars)				¥ 16.70
Founder options \| Maximum
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)				38.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)				2.79%
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars)				¥ 16.93
RSUs \| 2015 JD Finance Plan
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Share-based compensation expenses				¥ 95,664,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized				6 years 2 months 12 days
Founder \| RSUs
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Share-based compensation expenses					¥ 3,685,041,000
Each anniversary \| Founder options
Share-based compensation
Vesting percentage (as a percent)			10.00%
Class A ordinary shares \| Founder options
Share-based compensation
Grants approved \| shares		26,000,000	26,000,000
Exercise price \| $ / shares		$ 16.70
ADS \| Founder options
Share-based compensation
Exercise price \| $ / shares		$ 33.40

Net loss per share (Details) ¥ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) item $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) item ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (1,447,715)	¥ (9,378,016)	¥ (4,996,358)	¥ (49,899)
Series C Preferred Shares redemption value accretion \| ¥			(7,957,640)	(2,435,366)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016)	(12,953,998)	(2,485,265)
Numerator for basic net loss per share	$ (1,447,715)	(9,378,016)	(12,953,998)	(2,485,265)
Numerator for diluted net loss per share \| ¥		¥ (9,378,016)	¥ (12,953,998)	¥ (2,485,265)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares - basic \| shares	2,735,034,034	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247	1,694,495,048
Weighted average number of shares - diluted \| shares	2,735,034,034	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247	1,694,495,048
Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders \| (per share)	$ (0.53)	¥ (3.43)	¥ (5.35)	¥ (1.47)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders \| (per share)	$ (0.53)	¥ (3.43)	¥ (5.35)	¥ (1.47)
Number of different classes of shares presented \| item	3	3

Net loss per share (Details 2) - shares	12 Months Ended
Net loss per share (Details 2) - shares	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Non-vested ordinary shares, RSUs, and Options
Anti-dilutive securities
Anti-dilutive securities	81,737,438	63,453,677	33,084,709

Related party transactions (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Related party transactions (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		¥ 412,314,000		$ 133,304	¥ 863,516,000
Amount due to related parties		(325,119,000)		$ (16,167)	(104,726,000)
Staging Finance Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties					183,260,000
Staging Finance Group \| Sales of goods
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	¥ 1,016,286,000
Business Infinite Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties					(6,209,000)
Business Infinite Group \| Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	112,541,000
Tencent Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		174,949,000			520,094,000
Amount due to related parties		(321,066,000)			(77,893,000)
Tencent Group \| Commission service revenue from cooperation on advertising business
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	139,602,000	95,287,000
Tencent Group \| Online marketplace services
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	111,000	272,000
Tencent Group \| Purchase of advertising resources
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	195,805,000	88,076,000
Shanghai Icson Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		237,365,000			105,176,000
Shanghai Icson Group \| Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	6,000	164,811,000
Shanghai Icson Group \| Service and purchases
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	168,875,000	103,976,000
Bitauto Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties					(311,000)
Bitauto Group \| Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	455,161,000
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties					(2,755,158,000)
Tuniu Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties					(721,000)
Tuniu Group \| Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Amount of related party transactions	¥ 51,095,000
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties					(649,047,000)
Major related parties
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		412,314,000			808,530,000
Amount due to related parties		(321,066,000)			(85,134,000)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties					(3,404,205,000)
Related parties, other than the major related parties
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		¥ 0			54,986,000
Amount due from related parties as a percentage of total accounts receivable, net and prepayments and other current assets	0.50%	0.00%
Amount due to and deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties		¥ 4,053,000			¥ 79,064,000
Amount due to and deferred revenues from related parties as a percentage of total accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and deferred revenues	0.19%	0.02%
Related parties, other than the major related parties \| Total net revenues \| Related parties concentration risk
Related party transactions
Concentration risk (as a percentage)	0.01%	0.00%	0.00%
Related parties, other than the major related parties \| Total operating expense \| Related parties concentration risk
Related party transactions
Concentration risk (as a percentage)	0.02%	0.01%	0.00%

Employee benefit (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Employee benefit (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Employee benefit
Employee benefit expenses	¥ 1,815,532	¥ 903,494	¥ 618,052

Lines of credit (Details) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Lines of credit (Details) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) item
Lines of credit
Number of PRC commercial banks with whom entity had agreements \| item	18
Outstanding borrowings	¥ 3,040,209
Amount reserved for the issuances of bank acceptance	5,510,796
Amount reserved for bank guarantee	82,056
Amount outstanding for the bank factoring	180,000
Revolving lines of credit
Lines of credit
Maximum borrowing capacity under facility	¥ 14,092,000

Commitments and contingencies (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Operating lease commitments
Rental and bandwidth leasing expenses	¥ 1,917,683	¥ 1,084,264	¥ 621,629
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more
2016	1,596,300
2017	1,082,959
2018	609,235
2019	383,900
2020	287,965
2021 and thereafter	241,050
Total	4,201,409
Office and fulfillment centers rental
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more
2016	1,355,914
2017	895,534
2018	508,825
2019	305,582
2020	270,793
2021 and thereafter	241,050
Total	3,577,698
Bandwidth leasing
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more
2016	240,386
2017	187,425
2018	100,410
2019	78,318
2020	17,172
2021 and thereafter	0
Total	¥ 623,711

Commitments and contingencies (Details 2) - CNY (¥) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015	Aug. 07, 2015
Equity investment commitment \| Yonghui
Capital commitments
Purchase price (in RMB per share)		¥ 9.00
Total consideration for equity investment		¥ 4,306,708
Percentage of outstanding shares subscribed (in percentage)		10.00%
Long-Term Debt Obligations
Capital commitments
Expected repayment of nonrecourse securitization debt in 2016	¥ 579,843
Expected repayment of nonrecourse securitization debt in 2017	2,753,699
Capital commitments
Capital commitments
Total capital commitments contracted	¥ 1,289,609

Restricted net assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Restricted net assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Restricted net assets
Restricted net assets	¥ 20,261,086
General reserve fund \| Foreign invested enterprise
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations	10.00%
PRC
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations	10.00%
PRC \| General reserve fund \| Foreign invested enterprise
Restricted net assets
Statutory threshold percentage of the reserve fund to the registered capital of the respective company, above which the appropriation is not required.	50.00%
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to general reserve fund	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%
PRC \| Statutory surplus reserve \| Domestic enterprise
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations	10.00%
Statutory threshold percentage of the reserve fund to the registered capital of the respective company, above which the appropriation is not required.	50.00%
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to statutory surplus fund	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory surplus reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%

Subsequent events (Details) - Subsequent event ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Dada Nexus Limited ("Dada")
Subsequent events
Payment to acquire equity interest of the merged business \| $	$ 200,000
Percentage of equity interest acquired	47.00%
JD Finance \| Lead investors including Sequoia Capital China, China Harvest Investments and China Taiping Insurance
Subsequent events
Amount of financing round announced \| ¥		¥ 6,650,000
Ownership percentage, on a fully-diluted, post-investment basis (as a percentage)		14.00%

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2012 CNY (¥)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,757,706	¥ 17,863,868	$ 2,611,171	¥ 16,914,651	¥ 10,812,339	¥ 7,177,294
Short-term investments	429,232	2,780,482		12,161,643
Prepayments and other current assets	229,467	1,486,441		1,734,334
Amount due from related parties	133,304	863,516		412,314
Total current assets	9,025,917	58,468,093		49,941,697
Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries \| ¥		5,556,122
Investment securities	155,274	1,005,831		434,118
Intangible assets, net	812,619	5,263,983		6,877,947
Total non-current assets	4,121,474	26,698,076		16,551,475
Total assets	13,147,391	85,166,169		66,493,172
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,108,102	7,178,065		5,311,832
Total liabilities	8,411,454	54,487,721		28,995,105
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,237,460,751 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,208,310,595 outstanding, 556,295,899 Class B ordinary shares issued and 523,407,762 outstanding as of December 31, 2014; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015.)	55	358		358
Additional paid-in capital	7,470,611	48,393,126		47,131,172
Statutory reserves	8,577	55,560		15,009
Treasury stock	0	(3)		(4)
Accumulated deficit	(2,885,379)	(18,690,910)		(9,272,343)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	120,795	782,484		(376,125)
Total JD.com Inc. shareholders' equity	4,714,659	30,540,615		37,498,067
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 13,147,391	¥ 85,166,169		¥ 66,493,172
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.00002		$ 0.00002
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000
Class A ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,313,578,195	2,313,578,195	2,237,460,751	2,237,460,751
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,287,701,055	2,287,701,055	2,208,310,595	2,208,310,595
Class B ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	480,178,455	480,178,455	556,295,899	556,295,899
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	454,289,431	454,289,431	523,407,762	523,407,762
Parent company
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,380,492	¥ 8,942,549	$ 1,254,871	¥ 8,128,802	¥ 12,475	¥ 2,745,209
Short-term investments \| ¥				6,119,000
Prepayments and other current assets	1,752	11,349		66,209
Amount due from related parties \| ¥				170,592
Total current assets	1,382,244	8,953,898		14,484,603
Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	2,544,218	16,480,937		16,563,755
Investment securities	15,956	103,363
Intangible assets, net	780,611	5,056,644		6,456,198
Total non-current assets	3,340,785	21,640,944		23,019,953
Total assets	4,723,029	30,594,842		37,504,556
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	8,370	54,227		6,489
Total liabilities	8,370	54,227		6,489
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,237,460,751 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,208,310,595 outstanding, 556,295,899 Class B ordinary shares issued and 523,407,762 outstanding as of December 31, 2014; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015.)	55	358		358
Additional paid-in capital	7,470,611	48,393,126		47,131,172
Statutory reserves	8,577	55,560		15,009
Treasury stock \| ¥		(3)		(4)
Accumulated deficit	(2,885,379)	(18,690,910)		(9,272,343)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	120,795	782,484		(376,125)
Total JD.com Inc. shareholders' equity	4,714,659	30,540,615		37,498,067
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 4,723,029	¥ 30,594,842		¥ 37,504,556
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.00002		$ 0.00002
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000
Parent company \| Class A ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,313,578,195	2,313,578,195	2,237,460,751	2,237,460,751
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,287,701,055	2,287,701,055	2,208,310,595	2,208,310,595
Parent company \| Class B ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	480,178,455	480,178,455	556,295,899	556,295,899
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	454,289,431	454,289,431	523,407,762	523,407,762

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details 2) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Operating expenses
Marketing	$ (1,194,259)	¥ (7,736,172,000)	¥ (4,010,280,000)	¥ (1,590,171,000)
General and administrative	(444,131)	(2,876,989,000)	(5,260,064,000)	(760,338,000)
Loss from operations	(997,168)	(6,459,456,000)	(5,802,437,000)	(578,827,000)
Interest income	64,065	414,999,000	637,641,000	343,770,000
Others, net	(21,704)	(140,597,000)	216,587,000	193,555,000
Net loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016,000)	(4,996,358,000)	(49,899,000)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion			(7,957,640,000)	(2,435,366,000)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016,000)	(12,953,998,000)	(2,485,265,000)
Net loss	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016,000)	(4,996,358,000)	(49,899,000)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	182,538	1,182,445,000	(121,612,000)	(137,921,000)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	(36,872)	(238,852,000)	71,286,000	96,501,000
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	33,380	216,230,000	(57,181,000)	(73,277,000)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	(3,492)	(22,622,000)	14,105,000	23,224,000
Total comprehensive loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(1,268,857)	(8,219,407,000)	(5,103,865,000)	(164,596,000)
Unrealized gains/(losses), tax		0	0	0
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, tax		0	0	0
Parent company
Operating expenses
Marketing	(188,579)	(1,221,580,000)	(915,455,000)
General and administrative	(68,711)	(445,095,000)	(3,834,699,000)	(4,065,000)
Loss from operations	(257,290)	(1,666,675,000)	(4,750,154,000)	(4,065,000)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	(1,202,613)	(7,790,292,000)	(449,816,000)	(164,843,000)
Interest income	22,192	143,757,000	183,294,000	3,987,000
Others, net	(10,004)	(64,806,000)	20,318,000	115,022,000
Net loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016,000)	(4,996,358,000)	(49,899,000)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion			(7,957,640,000)	(2,435,366,000)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016,000)	(12,953,998,000)	(2,485,265,000)
Net loss	(1,447,715)	(9,378,016,000)	(4,996,358,000)	(49,899,000)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	182,350	1,181,231,000	(121,612,000)	(137,921,000)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	(36,872)	(238,852,000)	71,286,000	96,501,000
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	33,380	216,230,000	(57,181,000)	(73,277,000)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	(3,492)	(22,622,000)	14,105,000	23,224,000
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	178,858	1,158,609,000	(107,507,000)	(114,697,000)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	$ (1,268,857)	(8,219,407,000)	¥ (5,103,865,000)	¥ (164,596,000)
Unrealized gains/(losses), tax		0
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, tax		¥ 0

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details 3) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	$ (279,655)	¥ (1,811,551)	¥ 1,015,016	¥ 3,569,819
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(352,381)	(2,282,652)	(13,203,248)	(2,671,052)
Net cash provided by financing activities	725,598	4,700,273	18,392,028	2,795,184
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	52,973	343,147	(101,484)	(58,906)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	146,535	949,217	6,102,312	3,635,045
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,611,171	16,914,651	10,812,339	7,177,294
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	2,757,706	17,863,868	16,914,651	10,812,339
Parent company
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	26,092	169,018	101,150	(1,209)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	89,513	579,850	(9,069,394)	(5,399,613)
Net cash provided by financing activities	11,688	75,713	17,447,655	2,720,076
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(1,672)	(10,834)	(363,084)	(51,988)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	125,621	813,747	8,116,327	(2,732,734)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	1,254,871	8,128,802	12,475	2,745,209
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$ 1,380,492	¥ 8,942,549	¥ 8,128,802	¥ 12,475