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Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information	Dec. 31, 2016 shares
Entity Registrant Name	JD.com, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001549802
Document Type	20-F
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2016
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Class A ordinary shares
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	2,384,954,010
Class B ordinary shares
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	471,573,995

Consolidated Balance Sheets ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,847,716	¥ 19,771,695	¥ 17,863,868
Restricted cash	632,573	4,391,955	2,114,913
Short-term investments	1,033,217	7,173,626	2,780,482
Investment securities	104,198	723,449
Accounts receivable, net	2,515,398	17,464,408	8,193,665
Advance to suppliers	205,061	1,423,736	927,177
Inventories, net	4,163,825	28,909,438	20,539,543
Loan receivables, net	1,828,880	12,697,915	3,698,488
Other investments	1,550,759	10,766,920
Prepayments and other current assets	316,707	2,198,906	1,486,441
Amount due from related parties	203,089	1,410,050	863,516
Total current assets	15,401,423	106,932,098	58,468,093
Non-current assets
Property, equipment and software, net	1,065,394	7,397,029	6,233,106
Construction in progress	286,925	1,992,123	1,266,992
Intangible assets, net	1,217,672	8,454,297	5,263,983
Land use rights, net	352,515	2,447,511	1,928,192
Goodwill	942,196	6,541,668	29,050
Investment in equity investees	2,194,300	15,235,020	8,713,219
Investment securities	152,763	1,060,632	1,005,831
Other investments	1,007,839	6,997,425	0
Other non-current assets	477,562	3,315,715	2,106,673
Total non-current assets	7,697,166	53,441,420	26,547,046
Total assets	23,098,589	160,373,518	85,015,139
Current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries of RMB6,313,410 and RMB33,441,909 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 respectively. Note 1)
Short-term borrowings	1,200,247	8,333,317	3,040,209
Nonrecourse securitization debt	1,352,328	9,389,213	579,843
Accounts payable	6,335,602	43,988,087	29,819,341
Advance from customers	1,675,467	11,632,766	7,173,885
Deferred revenues (including amounts in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties of RMB754,626 and RMB818,805 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively)	175,986	1,221,865	983,721
Taxes payable	82,939	575,848	103,211
Amount due to related parties	24,147	167,655	104,726
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including amounts in relation to non-compete obligation to related party of nil and RMB82,626 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively)	4,239,015	29,431,484	7,178,065
Total current liabilities	15,085,731	104,740,235	48,983,001
Non-current liabilities
Deferred revenues (including amounts in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties of 2,515,603 and RMB2,127,900 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively)	310,649	2,156,835	2,556,345
Nonrecourse securitization debt	587,300	4,077,627	2,753,699
Unsecured senior notes	983,870	6,831,012
Deferred tax liabilities	130,686	907,356	1,228
Other non-current liabilities (related to non-compete obligation to related party of nil and RMB440,670 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively)	63,470	440,670
Total non-current liabilities	2,075,975	14,413,500	5,311,272
Total liabilities	17,161,706	119,153,735	54,294,273
Commitments and contingencies (Note 30)
MEZZANINE EQUITY
Redeemable non-controlling interests (Note 19)	1,016,408	7,056,921	0
JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015; 2,467,134,904 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,384,954,010 outstanding, 471,573,995 Class B ordinary shares issued and 451,490,387 outstanding as of December 31, 2016.)	54	377	358
Additional paid-in capital	8,534,987	59,258,417	48,393,126
Statutory reserves	19,147	132,938	55,560
Treasury stock	(746,346)	(5,181,880)	(3)
Accumulated deficit	(3,148,545)	(21,860,345)	(18,420,834)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	222,295	1,543,393	554,826
Total JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity	4,881,592	33,892,900	30,583,033
Non-controlling interests	38,883	269,962	137,833
Total shareholders' equity	4,920,475	34,162,862	30,720,866
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' equity	$ 23,098,589	¥ 160,373,518	¥ 85,015,139

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares
Current liabilities, consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries	¥ 104,740,235,000	¥ 48,983,001,000
Deferred revenues - current	1,221,865,000	983,721,000
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, non-compete obligation to related party	29,431,484,000	7,178,065,000
Deferred revenues - non-current	2,156,835,000	¥ 2,556,345,000
Other non-current liabilities, non-compete obligation to related party	¥ 440,670,000
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000
Non-compete agreement
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, non-compete obligation to related party \| ¥	¥ 82,626,000	¥ 0
Other non-current liabilities, non-compete obligation to related party \| ¥	440,670,000	0
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Deferred revenues - current \| ¥	818,805,000	754,626,000
Deferred revenues - non-current \| ¥	¥ 2,127,900,000	¥ 2,515,603,000
Class A ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares) \| shares	2,467,134,904	2,313,578,195
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares	2,384,954,010	2,287,701,055
Class B ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares) \| shares	471,573,995	480,178,455
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares	451,490,387	454,289,431
Consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries
Current liabilities, consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries \| ¥	¥ 33,441,909,000	¥ 6,313,410,000

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares
Net revenues
Online direct sales	$ 34,236,207	¥ 237,701,986	¥ 167,720,984	¥ 108,549,258
Services and others	3,229,103	22,419,659	13,554,441	6,453,059
Total net revenues	37,465,310	260,121,645	181,275,425	115,002,317
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues	(31,787,228)	(220,698,727)	(157,008,329)	(101,631,443)
Fulfillment	(3,017,500)	(20,950,501)	(13,920,988)	(8,067,048)
Marketing	(1,522,832)	(10,573,024)	(7,736,172)	(4,010,280)
Technology and content	(775,012)	(5,380,907)	(3,453,804)	(1,835,919)
General and administrative	(671,667)	(4,663,383)	(2,876,989)	(5,260,064)
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets			(2,750,129)
Total operating expenses	(37,774,239)	(262,266,542)	(187,746,411)	(120,804,754)
Loss from operations	(308,929)	(2,144,897)	(6,470,986)	(5,802,437)
Other income/(expense)
Share of results of equity investees	(401,173)	(2,785,343)	(2,852,677)
Interest income	69,367	481,618	414,999	637,641
Interest expense	(37,398)	(259,657)	(82,507)	(28,825)
Others, net	212,308	1,474,055	(140,597)	216,587
Loss before tax	(465,825)	(3,234,224)	(9,131,768)	(4,977,034)
Income tax benefits/(expenses)	(25,853)	(179,500)	14,262	(19,324)
Net loss	(491,678)	(3,413,724)	(9,117,506)	(4,996,358)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(7,431)	(51,591)	(9,566)
Net income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders	64,044	444,657	0	0
Net loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(548,291)	(3,806,790)	(9,107,940)	(4,996,358)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion				(7,957,640)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(548,291)	(3,806,790)	(9,107,940)	(12,953,998)
Net loss	(491,678)	(3,413,724)	(9,117,506)	(4,996,358)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	135,909	943,616	954,787	(121,612)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	(11,349)	(78,792)	(238,852)	71,286
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	17,823	123,743	216,230	(57,181)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	6,474	44,951	(22,622)	14,105
Total other comprehensive income/ (loss)	142,383	988,567	932,165	(107,507)
Total comprehensive loss	(349,295)	(2,425,157)	(8,185,341)	(5,103,865)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders	(7,431)	(51,591)	(8,352)
Total comprehensive income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests	64,044	444,657
Total comprehensive loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	$ (405,908)	¥ (2,818,223)	¥ (8,176,989)	¥ (5,103,865)
Net loss per share
Net loss per share - basic \| (per share)	$ (0.20)	¥ (1.36)	¥ (3.33)	¥ (5.35)
Net loss per share - diluted \| (per share)	$ (0.20)	¥ (1.36)	¥ (3.33)	¥ (5.35)
Weighted average number of shares
Basic \| shares	2,804,767,889	2,804,767,889	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247
Diluted \| shares	2,804,767,889	2,804,767,889	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation expenses		¥ (2,343,785)	¥ (1,193,945)	¥ (4,249,548)
Fulfillment
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation expenses	$ (55,750)	(387,073)	(184,733)	(128,623)
Marketing
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation expenses	(14,058)	(97,604)	(50,091)	(23,570)
Technology and content
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation expenses	(79,916)	(554,859)	(234,165)	(79,469)
General and administrative
Share-based compensation expenses included in:
Share-based compensation expenses	$ (187,851)	¥ (1,304,249)	¥ (724,956)	¥ (4,017,886)

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) - CNY (¥)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
Unrealized gains/(losses), tax	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, tax	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (491,678)	¥ (3,413,724)	¥ (9,117,506)	¥ (4,996,358)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	523,311	3,633,346	2,619,061	1,650,533
Share-based compensation	337,575	2,343,785	1,193,945	4,249,548
Allowance for doubtful accounts	124,908	867,233	420,750	74,332
Loss from disposal of property, equipment and software	2,661	18,478	7,714	26,043
Deferred income tax	(5,010)	(34,782)	(42,584)	(4,169)
Amortization of discounts and issuance costs of the unsecured senior notes	1,242	8,622
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets			2,750,129
Impairment of investments accounted for under cost method and available-for-sale securities	91,831	637,583	611,108
Gain from business and investment disposals	(177,568)	(1,232,853)	(1,507)
Share of results of equity investees	401,173	2,785,343	2,852,677	(638)
Foreign exchange losses	21,079	146,354	57,395	28,980
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,396,690)	(9,697,221)	(6,167,483)	(1,861,364)
Restricted cash	75,853	526,646	(1,076,628)	(689,499)
Inventories	(1,205,514)	(8,369,883)	(8,348,700)	(5,804,688)
Loan receivables	(10,724)	(74,458)	(26,699)	5,430
Investment securities	(533)	(3,703)
Advance to suppliers	(70,189)	(487,320)	(18,010)	(160,203)
Prepayments and other current assets	(76,854)	(533,596)	252,397	(1,210,697)
Other investments	(36,328)	(252,223)
Amount due from related parties	(69,390)	(481,774)	(402,795)	(412,314)
Other non-current assets	24,362	169,144	(1,170,454)	(66,485)
Accounts payable	1,972,302	13,693,690	13,113,084	4,902,844
Advance from customers	641,552	4,454,299	2,507,225	2,611,035
Deferred revenues	(101,969)	(707,966)	(461,270)	(65,725)
Taxes payable	71,214	494,438	(132,949)	(42,615)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	611,828	4,247,921	2,207,476	2,988,499
Amount due to related parties	4,269	29,638	69,946	67,412
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,262,713	8,767,017	1,696,322	1,289,901
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments	(2,444,075)	(16,969,213)	(5,022,000)	(19,104,408)
Maturity of short-term investments	1,834,722	12,738,475	16,625,621	7,853,607
Changes of deposits for capital verification				545,000
Purchases of investment securities	(160,766)	(1,116,200)	(1,139,386)	(421,133)
Cash received from disposal of investment securities	52,123	361,893
Purchase of other investments	(3,480,587)	(24,165,716)
Maturity of other investments	965,518	6,703,594
Prepayments and investments in equity investees	(1,103,343)	(7,660,513)	(7,156,789)	(434,585)
Cash received from disposal of equity investment	4,977	34,558
Changes in restricted cash	(403,815)	(2,803,688)
Cash paid for loan originations	(6,503,312)	(45,152,496)	(10,784,220)	(662,511)
Cash received from loan repayments	5,017,536	34,836,743	7,276,347	387,626
Purchase of property, equipment and software	(341,644)	(2,372,035)	(2,826,830)	(1,424,534)
Cash paid for construction in progress	(195,789)	(1,359,364)	(1,540,615)	(1,036,513)
Purchase of intangible assets	(7,265)	(50,438)	(6,556)	(17,935)
Purchase of land use rights	(97,700)	(678,328)	(925,758)	(423,084)
Cash received from/(paid for) business combination, net of cash acquired (Note 7)	(88,701)	(615,849)	(290,339)	1,260,337
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,952,121)	(48,268,577)	(5,790,525)	(13,478,133)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net				17,447,653
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(768,871)	(5,338,274)
Purchase of capped call options	(289,083)	(2,007,100)
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options	210,747	1,463,218
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to stock plans	11,867	82,396	75,713
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable preferred shares of JD Finance	952,364	6,612,264
Capital injection from non-controlling interest shareholders	25,609	177,800	146,185
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	2,656,398	18,443,370	4,871,004	1,890,771
Repayment of short-term borrowings	(1,894,032)	(13,150,262)	(3,726,171)	(946,396)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes, net of discount and debt issuance costs	915,450	6,355,969
Proceeds from nonrecourse securitization debt	1,592,080	11,053,808	3,333,542
Repayment of nonrecourse securitization debt	(132,581)	(920,510)
Proceeds from sales of financial products	3,665,768	25,451,427
Redemption of financial products	(1,083,773)	(7,524,635)
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,861,943	40,699,471	4,700,273	18,392,028
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	102,249	709,916	343,147	(101,484)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	274,784	1,907,827	949,217	6,102,312
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,572,932	17,863,868	16,914,651	10,812,339
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	2,847,716	19,771,695	17,863,868	16,914,651
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Cash paid for income taxes	(16,288)	(113,087)	(23,219)	(9,807)
Cash paid for interest	(105,104)	(729,735)	(62,396)	(27,268)
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares				15,474,994
Certain time deposits pledged for short-term bank loan				2,000,000
Equity investments obtained through commitment of future services and contribution of certain business	326,709	2,268,342	¥ 3,838,933
Transaction with Tencent
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with Transactions, net				¥ 11,644,310
Transaction with Walmart
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with Transactions, net	$ 1,381,573	¥ 9,592,258

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Ordinary shares Series A and A-1 convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Ordinary shares Series B convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Ordinary shares Series C Preferred Shares CNY (¥) shares	Ordinary shares CNY (¥) shares	Treasury stock CNY (¥) shares	Preferred Shares Series A and A-1 convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Preferred Shares Series B convertible preferred shares CNY (¥) shares	Additional paid-in capital Series A and A-1 convertible preferred shares CNY (¥)	Additional paid-in capital Series B convertible preferred shares CNY (¥)	Additional paid-in capital Series C Preferred Shares CNY (¥)	Additional paid-in capital CNY (¥)	Statutory reserves CNY (¥)	Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) CNY (¥)	Accumulated deficit CNY (¥)	Non-controlling interests CNY (¥)	Series C Preferred Shares CNY (¥)	USD ($)	CNY (¥)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2013				¥ 199		¥ 255,850	¥ 88,241				¥ 6,251,869	¥ 2,648	¥ (268,618)	¥ (4,263,624)				¥ 2,066,565
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2013 \| shares				1,502,933,134	(39,279,042)	191,894,000	59,539,244
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of ordinary shares				¥ 80							29,091,883							29,091,963
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares				657,292,997
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares reserved for future exercise of share-based awards				¥ 4	¥ (4)
Issuance of Class A ordinary shares reserved for future exercise of share-based awards ( in shares) \| shares				30,000,000	(30,000,000)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion											(7,957,640)							(7,957,640)
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares	¥ 24	¥ 7	¥ 32			¥ (255,850)	¥ (88,241)	¥ 255,826	¥ 88,234	¥ 15,130,871						¥ 15,130,903
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares	191,894,000	59,539,244	258,316,305			(191,894,000)	(59,539,244)
Exercise of share-based awards											20,593							20,593
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					849,844
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards				¥ 12							4,249,536							4,249,548
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares				93,780,970	6,390,905
Net loss														(4,996,358)				(4,996,358)
Foreign currency translation adjustment													(121,612)					(121,612)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sale securities													14,105					14,105
Statutory reserves												12,361		(12,361)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014				¥ 358	¥ (4)						47,131,172	15,009	(376,125)	(9,272,343)				37,498,067
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014 \| shares				2,793,756,650	(62,038,293)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Exercise of share-based awards					¥ 1						68,009							68,010
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					2,694,404
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards											1,193,945							1,193,945
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					7,577,725
Net loss														(9,107,940)	¥ (9,566)			(9,117,506)
Foreign currency translation adjustment													953,573		1,214			954,787
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sale securities													(22,622)					(22,622)
Statutory reserves												40,551		(40,551)
Capital injection from non-controlling interests shareholders															146,185			146,185
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015				¥ 358	¥ (3)						48,393,126	55,560	554,826	(18,420,834)	137,833			30,720,866
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015 \| shares				2,793,756,650	(51,766,164)	0	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of ordinary shares				¥ 19							9,592,239							9,592,258
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares				144,952,250
Preferred shares redemption value accretion											(444,657)							(444,657)
Exercise of share-based awards					¥ 77,496						(3,293)							74,203
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					2,820,648
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards					¥ 78,903						2,264,882							2,343,785
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) \| shares					8,812,582
Repurchase of ordinary shares					¥ (5,338,276)						(543,880)							(5,882,156)
Repurchase of ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares					(62,131,568)
Surrender of ordinary shares by certain shareholder \| shares				(1)
Net loss														(3,362,133)	(51,591)		$ (491,678)	(3,413,724)
Foreign currency translation adjustment													943,616					943,616
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sale securities													44,951				6,474	44,951
Statutory reserves												77,378		(77,378)
Capital injection from non-controlling interests shareholders															183,720			183,720
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016				¥ 377	¥ (5,181,880)						¥ 59,258,417	¥ 132,938	¥ 1,543,393	¥ (21,860,345)	¥ 269,962		$ 4,920,475	¥ 34,162,862
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016 \| shares				2,938,708,899	(102,264,502)

Principal activities and organization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Principal activities and organization

Principal activities and organization

1. Principal activities and organization

JD.com, Inc. (the “Company”), through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and VIEs’ subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”) serves consumers through its retail websites, mainly www.jd.com, and focuses on selection, price and convenience, offers programs that enable third party sellers to sell their products on its websites and to fulfill the orders either by the sellers or through the Group (known as “online marketplace”), and also offers financial services to its suppliers, third party sellers and qualified individual customers through the Group’s finance business (“JD Finance”). The Group’s principal operations and geographic markets are in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s major subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are as follows:

	Equity interest held		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition
Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Century Trade Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Century”)	100	%	Beijing, China, April 2007
Guangzhou Jingdong Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Guangzhou, China, July 2007
Shanghai Yuanmai Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, August 2007
Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Jiangsu, China, June 2009
Chengdu Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd. (“Chengdu Century”)	100	%	Chengdu, China, December 2009
Beijing Jingdong Century Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2010
Wuhan Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Wuhan, China, February 2011
Shanghai Shengdayuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Shengdayuan”)	100	%	Shanghai, China, April 2011
Jingdong E-Commerce (Express) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, August 2011
Jingdong Technology Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, November 2011
Shenyang Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shenyang, China, January 2012
Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, January 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Logistics) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
JD.com International Limited(“JD International”)	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Shangke”)	100	%	Beijing, China, March 2012
Tianjin Star East Co., Ltd.	100	%	Tianjin, China, April 2012
Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, August 2012
Shanghai Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, December 2013
Chongqing Jingdong Haijia E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Chongqing Haijia”)	100	%	Chongqing, China, June 2014
Beijing Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2014

		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition
VIEs
Beijing Jingdong 360 Degree E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong 360”)		Beijing, China, April 2007
Fortune Rising Holdings Ltd. (“Fortune Rising”)		British Virgin Islands, May 2008
Jiangsu Yuanzhou E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Yuanzhou”)		Jiangsu, China, September 2010
Suqian Limao Donghong Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Suqian Limao”)		Jiangsu, China, December 2015

VIEs’ Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Financial Technology Holding Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Beijing Jingdong Shangboguangyi Investment Management Co., Ltd. )		Beijing, China, September 2012
Chinabank Payment Business Services Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment”)		Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Chinabank Payment Technology Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment Technology”)		Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Shanghai Banghui Commercial Factoring Co., Ltd.		Shanghai, China, June 2013

Organization

The Company was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) in November 2006 and was re-domiciled in the Cayman Islands in January 2014 as an exempted company registered under the laws of the Cayman Islands.

In April 2007 and April 2011, the Company established Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan as wholly foreign-owned enterprises in the PRC, respectively. In April 2007, September 2010 and December 2015, Jingdong 360, Jiangsu Yuanzhou and Suqian Limao were incorporated in the PRC, respectively. The paid-in capital of each of these entities was funded by the Company, and they were established to facilitate the Group’s operation and business expansion plans and comply with the PRC laws and regulations which prohibit or restrict foreign ownership of the companies where the PRC operating licenses are required. By entering into a series of agreements, Jingdong 360 and Jiangsu Yuanzhou became VIEs of Jingdong Century and Suqian Limao became a VIE of a certain wholly owned subsidiary of Shanghai Shengdayuan. Consequently, Jingdong Century became the primary beneficiary of Jingdong 360 and Jiangsu Yuanzhou, and the wholly owned subsidiary of Shanghai Shengdayuan became the primary beneficiary of Suqian Limao. In December 2016, the original Suqian Limao agreements were terminated, and concurrently, a certain wholly owned subsidiary of JD International entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Suqian Limao and its shareholders, which substantially similar to the original Suqian Limao agreements. Consequently, the wholly owned subsidiary of JD International became the primary beneficiary of Suqian Limao.

In May 2008, Fortune Rising, a BVI incorporated company and a consolidated variable interest entity of the Group, was established by the Group to facilitate the adoption of the Company’s stock incentive plans.

Variable interest entities

In order to comply with the PRC laws and regulations which prohibit or restrict foreign control of companies involved in provision of internet content and other restricted businesses, the Group operates its websites and other restricted businesses in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members of the Group (“Nominee Shareholders”). The Group obtained control over these PRC domestic companies by entering into a series of Contractual Arrangements with these PRC domestic companies and their respective Nominee Shareholders. These contractual agreements include loan agreements, exclusive purchase option agreements, exclusive technology consulting and services agreements, intellectual property rights license agreement, equity pledge agreements, powers of attorney, business cooperation agreements and business operation agreements. These contractual agreements can be extended at the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries’ options prior to the expiration date. Management concluded that these PRC domestic companies are VIEs of the Group, of which the Group is the ultimate primary beneficiary. As such, the Group consolidated the financial results of these PRC domestic companies and their subsidiaries in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 2(b) to the consolidated financial statements for the principles of consolidation.

The following is a summary of the contractual agreements (collectively, “Contractual Agreements”) that the Group, through its subsidiaries, entered into with the VIEs and their Nominee Shareholders:

Loan agreements

Pursuant to the relevant loan agreements, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries have granted interest-free loans to the relevant Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs with the sole purpose of providing funds necessary for the capital injection to the relevant VIEs. The loans for initial and subsequent capital injections are eliminated with the capital of the relevant VIEs during consolidation. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries can require the Nominee Shareholders to settle the loan amount with the equity interests of relevant VIEs, subject to any applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. The loan agreements are renewable upon expiration.

Exclusive purchase option agreements

The Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs have granted the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase from the Nominee Shareholders, to the extent permitted under PRC laws and regulations, part or all of the equity interests in these entities for a purchase price equal to the lowest price permitted by PRC laws and regulations. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries may exercise such option at any time. In addition, the VIEs and their Nominee Shareholders have agreed that without prior written consent of the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries, they will not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividend.

Exclusive technology consulting and services agreements

The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries and relevant VIEs entered into exclusive technology consulting and services agreements under which relevant VIEs engage the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as their exclusive provider of technical platform and technical support, maintenance and other services. The VIEs shall pay to the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries service fees determined based on the volume and market price of the service provided. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreements. During the term of the agreements, the relevant VIEs may not enter into any agreement with third parties for the provision of identical or similar services without prior consent of the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries.

Intellectual property rights license agreement

Pursuant to the intellectual property rights license agreement, Jingdong Century has granted Jingdong 360 non-exclusive rights to use certain software products, trademarks, website, copyrights, and domain names developed or owned by Jingdong Century within the scope of internet information service operation of Jingdong 360 and in the territory of PRC. Jingdong 360 has agreed to pay license fees to Jingdong Century and the amount of the license fee is at least RMB10 per year, subject to annual evaluation and adjustment.

Equity pledge agreements

Pursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs have pledged all of their equity interests in relevant VIEs to the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as collateral for all of their payments due to the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries and to secure their obligations under the above agreements. The Nominee Shareholders may not transfer or assign the equity interests, the rights and obligations in the equity pledge agreements or create or permit to create any pledges which may have an adverse effect on the rights or benefits of the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries without the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries’ preapproval. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries are entitled to transfer or assign in full or in part the equity interests pledged. In the event of default, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as the pledgee, will be entitled to request immediate repayment of the loans or to dispose of the pledged equity interests through transfer or assignment. The equity pledge agreements will expire on the second anniversary of the date when the Nominee Shareholders have completed all their obligations under the above agreements unless otherwise terminated earlier by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries.

Power of attorney

Pursuant to the irrevocable power of attorney, each of the Nominee Shareholders appointed any person designated by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as their attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights under PRC law and the relevant articles of association, including but not limited to, voting on their behalf on all matters requiring shareholder approval, disposing of all or part of the Nominee Shareholders’ equity interests, and electing, appointing or removing directors and the general manager of the VIEs. Each power of attorney will remain in force during the period when the Nominee Shareholders continues to be shareholders of the VIEs. Each Nominee Shareholders has waived all the rights which have been authorized to the person designated by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries under each power of attorney.

Business cooperation agreement

Pursuant to the business cooperation agreement, Jingdong 360 has agreed to provide to Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan services, including operating the Group’s website, posting Jingdong Century’s and Shanghai Shengdayuan’s product and service information on the website, transmitting the users’ order and transaction information to Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan, processing user data and transactions in collaboration with banks and payment agents and other services reasonably requested by Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan. Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan agree to pay service fees to Jingdong 360 on a quarterly basis. The service fee should be 105% of Jingdong 360’s operating costs incurred in the previous quarter, but in no event more than RMB20 per quarter.

Business operation agreements

Pursuant to the business operation agreements, the relevant Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs must appoint the candidates nominated by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries to be the directors on their board of directors in accordance with applicable laws and the articles of association of VIEs, and must cause the persons recommended by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries to be appointed as their general manager, chief financial officer and other senior executives.

Risks in relations to the VIE structure

In the opinion of management, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries’ Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs and the Nominee Shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally binding and enforceable. The Nominee Shareholders are also shareholders or nominees of shareholders of the Group and therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the Contractual Arrangements. However, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations including those that govern the Group’s Contractual Arrangements, which could limit the Group’s ability to enforce these Contractual Arrangements and if the Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs were to reduce their interests in the Group, their interest may diverge from that of the Group and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the Contractual Arrangements. The Group’s ability to control the VIEs also depends on the power of attorney the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries have to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIEs. As noted above, the Group believes these power of attorney are legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership. In addition, if the Group’s corporate structure and the Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs through which the Group conducts its business in PRC were found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws and regulations, the Group’s relevant PRC regulatory authorities could:

revoke or refuse to grant or renew the Group’s business and operating licenses;

restrict or prohibit related party transactions between the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries and their subsidiaries, the VIEs;

impose fines, confiscate income or other requirements which the Group may find difficult or impossible to comply with;

require the Group to alter the corporate structure operations; and

restrict or prohibit the Group’s ability to finance its operations.

The imposition of any of these government actions could result in a material adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct its operations. In such case, the Group may not be able to operate or control the VIEs, which may result in deconsolidation of the VIEs in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the likelihood for the Group to lose such ability is remote based on current facts and circumstances. The Group’s operations depend on the VIEs to honor their contractual agreements with the Group. These agreements are governed by PRC law and disputes arising out of these agreements are expected to be decided by arbitration in China. The management believes that each of the Contractual Agreements constitutes valid and legally binding obligations of each party to such contractual agreements under PRC Laws. However, the interpretation and implementation of the laws and regulations in the PRC and their application to an effect on the legality, binding effect and enforceability of contracts are subject to the discretion of competent PRC authorities, and therefore there is no assurance that relevant PRC authorities will take the same position as the Group herein in respect of the legality, binding effect and enforceability of each of the Contractual Agreements. Meanwhile, since the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to the Group to enforce the Contractual Arrangements should the VIEs or the Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs fail to perform their obligations under those arrangements.

The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and changes in cash and cash equivalents of the VIEs and their subsidiaries taken as a whole, which were included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated:

	As of December 31,
	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB
Total assets	12,369,251	46,480,948
Total liabilities	12,705,021	40,938,812

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Total net revenues	3,431,134		4,637,086		8,443,868
Net loss	(41,228	)	(293,862	)	(1,033,348	)

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,450,744		1,394,182		693,572
Net cash used in investing activities	(494,633	)	(169,549	)	(32,808,451	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	438,891		610,194		32,462,465

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,395,002		1,834,827		347,586
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	333,378		1,728,380		3,563,207

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	1,728,380		3,563,207		3,910,793

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the total assets of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries were mainly consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, prepayments and other current assets, other investments, loan receivables, investment securities, investment in equity investees, property, equipment and software and intangible assets. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the total liabilities of the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries were mainly consisting of short-term borrowings, accounts payable, advance from customers, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and liabilities to the Group’s other subsidiaries. These balances have been reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated.

In January 2016, JD Finance issued ordinary shares with preferential rights to certain investors for a RMB6,650,000 financing, such shares were classified as mezzanine equity since they are contingently redeemable (see Note 19). As of December 31, 2016, the balance of mezzanine equity of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries were RMB7,056,921. The redemption value accretion of the mezzanine equity was RMB444,657 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

In accordance with the Contractual Agreements, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries have the power to direct activities of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, and can have assets transferred out of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries. Therefore, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries consider that there is no asset in the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries that can be used only to settle their obligations except for registered capitals and PRC statutory reserves of the Group’s VIEs amounting to RMB307,432 as of December 31, 2016. As the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are incorporated as limited liability companies under the PRC Company Law, the creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries for all the liabilities of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries. The total shareholders’ deficit of the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries was RMB335,770 and RMB1,514,785 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Currently there is no contractual arrangement that could require the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries or the Group to provide additional financial support to the Group’s VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries. As the Group is conducting certain businesses in the PRC through the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, the Group may provide additional financial support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Group to a loss.

There is no VIE where the Group or any subsidiary has a variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary.

Summary of significant accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

a.Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

b.Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries for which the Company is the ultimate primary beneficiary. Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power; or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors.

A VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiaries, through Contractual Arrangements, bears the risks of, and enjoys the rewards normally associated with, ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiary of the entity.

All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

c.Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation to facilitate comparison. As the JD Finance has changed from supporting the overall JD platform to an independently operated and self-funded business, accounts receivables from consumer financing provided by JD Finance to consumers in marketplace are mainly for investment purpose and are reclassified to loan receivables. Accordingly, accounts receivable balance of RMB1,314,619 as of December 31, 2015 has been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. Cash flows resulted from loan receivables are reclassified from operating activities in cash flows to investing activities in cash flows with the amount of RMB274,885 and RMB3,507,873 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

d.Revision of previously issued financial statements

The Company adjusted its financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 to reflect a correction to the Company's foreign currency translation treatment over investments under equity method of accounting and deferred revenue resulting from the acquisition of equity method investments. Pursuant to ASC 830-10-15-3, the translation principle for consolidation should be applied to equity method investments as the equity method is an extension of consolidation. The Company determined that, in the previously issued financial statements, the foreign currency translation treatment on the basis difference and deferred revenue balances arising from the acquisition of certain equity method investments had not been following the same method as those for consolidated foreign subsidiaries, accordingly, an adjustment is made to reflect the correction. This adjustment was not material to the previously issued financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The following table presents the summary information of the revision:

	Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year ended December 31, 2015
	As reported		As revised		Revision
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net revenues	181,286,955		181,275,425		(11,530	)
Share of results of equity investees	(3,134,283	)	(2,852,677	)	281,606
Net loss	(9,387,582	)	(9,117,506	)	270,076
Net loss per share - basic	(3.43	)	(3.33	)	0.10
Net loss per share - diluted	(3.43	)	(3.33	)	0.10

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015
	As reported		As revised		Revision
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Investment in equity investees	8,864,249		8,713,219		(151,030	)
Deferred revenues - current	1,028,350		983,721		(44,629	)
Deferred revenues - non-current	2,705,164		2,556,345		(148,819	)
Accumulated deficit	(18,690,910	)	(18,420,834	)	270,076
Accumulated other comprehensive income	782,484		554,826		(227,658	)

e.Non-controlling interests

For the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, non-controlling interests are recognized to reflect the portion of their equity that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company as the controlling shareholder. Non-controlling interests are classified as a separate line item in the equity section of the Group’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and have been separately disclosed in the Group’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss to distinguish the interests from that of the Company.

f.Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates are used for, but not limited to, sales returns, vendor and customer incentives, the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation arrangements, taxation, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, fair value of other investments, assessment for impairment of long-lived assets, investment in equity investees, investment securities, intangible assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserve for excess and obsolete inventories, lower of cost and market value of inventories, depreciable lives of property, equipment and software, useful lives of intangible assets and redemption value of the redeemable preferred shares. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

g.Foreign currency translation

The Group’s reporting currency is Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Group’s entities incorporated in Cayman Islands, British Virgin Islands (“BVI”), Hong Kong (“HK”), Singapore and The United States of America is the United States dollars (“US$”). The functional currency of the Group’s entities incorporated in The Republic of Indonesia is the Indonesian rupiah(“IDR”). The Group’s PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries determined their functional currency to be RMB. The determination of the respective functional currency is based on the criteria of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters.

Transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currency are translated into functional currency at the exchange rates quoted by authoritative banks prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from those foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded as a component of others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Total exchange losses were RMB28,980, RMB57,395 and RMB146,354 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

The financial statements of the Group are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in current period are translated into RMB at the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB using the periodic average exchange rates. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a component of shareholders’ equity. Total foreign currency translation adjustments to the Group’s other comprehensive income/(loss) were a loss of RMB121,612, a gain of RMB954,787 and a gain of RMB943,616 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively.

h.Convenience translation

Translations of the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows from RMB into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB6.9430, representing the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 30, 2016. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2016, or at any other rate.

i.Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, time deposits, as well as highly liquid investments, some of which are subject to certain penalty as to early withdrawal, which have original maturities of three months or less.

j.Restricted cash

Cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or for use or pledged as security is reported separately on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and is not included in the total cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Group’s restricted cash mainly represents (a) security deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance and letter of guarantee; and (b) time deposits that are pledged for short-term bank loans; (c) security deposits held in designated bank accounts related to payment service; (d) security deposits held in designated bank accounts related to prepaid cards issued to the customers.

k.Short-term investments

Short-term investments include wealth management products, which are certain deposits with variable interest rates or principal not-guaranteed with certain financial institutions. The Group classifies the wealth management products as “available-for-sale” securities. These investments are recorded at fair market value with the unrealized gains or losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a component of shareholders’ equity. Realized gains are reflected as a component of interest income.

In addition, short-term investments are also comprised of time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year.

l.Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net mainly represent amounts due from customers and online payment channels and are recorded net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Group considers many factors in assessing the collectability of its accounts receivable, such as the age of the amounts due, the payment history, creditworthiness and financial conditions of the customers and industry trend, to determine the allowance percentage for the overdue balances by age. The Group adjusts the allowance percentage periodically when there are significant differences between estimated bad debts and actual bad debts. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. The Group also makes specific allowance if there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable are likely to be unrecoverable. A majority of the allowances for doubtful accounts are for financing receivables from individual consumers related to the online direct sales business. Accounts receivable balances are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. The accounts receivables with the collection period over one year are classified into other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

m.Inventories, net

Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated market value due to slow-moving merchandise and damaged goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased, but has arrangements to return unsold goods with certain vendors. Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The Group also provides fulfillment-related services in connection with the Group’s online marketplace. Third-party sellers maintain ownership of their inventories and therefore these products are not included in the Group’s inventories.

n.Loan receivables, net

Loan receivables consist primarily of micro loans made to small and medium size enterprises that are merchants on the Group’s online marketplace and qualified individual customers as well. The loan periods extended by the Group to the merchants and the individual customers range from 1 day to 36 months. Such amounts are recorded at the outstanding principal amount less allowance for doubtful accounts, and include accrued interest receivable as of the balance sheet date. The loan receivables with the collection period over one year are classified into other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the balances of loan receivables, net were RMB3,698,488 and RMB12,697,915, respectively.

The Group has entered into syndication loan arrangements with certain third party financial institutions to jointly provide loans to individual customers. The Group and the third party financial institutions make loans to the borrowers and have a direct legal relationship with the borrowers for its own portion of the loans, respectively. The Group and the third party financial institutions have the rights to receive the repayment from the borrowers, take credit risk, and earn interest income on its loan portion, respectively. Hence, the Group records loan receivables and interest income of its portion in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Allowance for doubtful accounts represents the Group’s best estimate of the losses inherent in the outstanding portfolio of loans. Judgment is required to determine the allowance amounts and whether such amounts are adequate to cover potential bad debts, and periodical reviews are performed to ensure such amounts continue to reflect the best estimate of the losses inherent in the outstanding portfolio of loans. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, allowance for doubtful accounts was RMB87,996 and RMB251,813, respectively.

o.Property, equipment and software, net

Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Property, equipment and software are depreciated at rates sufficient to write off their costs less impairment and residual value, if any, over the estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Category		Estimated useful lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Office equipment		5 years
Vehicles		5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment		5 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software		3-5 years
Building		40 years
Building improvement		5-10 years

Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and betterment that extend the useful lives of property, equipment and software are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Retirements, sales and disposals of assets are recorded by removing the costs, accumulated depreciation and impairment with any resulting gain or loss recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

p. Construction in progress

Direct costs that are related to the construction of property, equipment and software and incurred in connection with bringing the assets to their intended use are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress is transferred to specific property, equipment and software items and the depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the balances of construction in progress were RMB1,266,992 and RMB1,992,123, which were primarily relating to the construction of office buildings and warehouses.

q.Land use rights, net

Land use rights are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives which are 34 to 70 years and represent the shorter of the estimated usage periods or the terms of the agreements.

r.Intangible assets, net

Domain names, trademarks, and copyrights

Domain names, trademarks, and copyrights purchased from third parties are initially recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic useful lives. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Category		Estimated useful lives
Domain names		10 years
Trademarks		7-20 years
Copyrights		2-5 years

Intangible assets arising from business combination

The Group performs valuation of the intangible assets arising from business combination to determine the relative fair value to be assigned to each asset acquired. The acquired intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value and are expensed or amortized using the straight-line approach over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets.

s.Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination.

Goodwill is not depreciated or amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, and in between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could indicate that the asset might be impaired. In accordance with the FASB guidance on “Testing of Goodwill for Impairment,” a company first has the option to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the company decides, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is mandatory. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of each reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and the carrying amount of goodwill will be recorded. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. The judgment in estimating the fair value of reporting units includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and making other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit.

t.Investment in equity investees

Investment in equity investees represents the Group’s investments in privately held companies and publicly traded companies. The Group applies the equity method of accounting to account for an equity investment, in common stock or in-substance common stock, according to ASC 323 “Investment—Equity Method and Joint Ventures”, over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control.

An investment in in-substance common stock is an investment in an entity that has risk and reward characteristics that are substantially similar to that entity’s common stock. The Group considers subordination, risks and rewards of ownership and obligation to transfer value when determining whether an investment in an entity is substantially similar to an investment in that entity’s common stock.

For other equity investments that are not considered as debt securities or equity securities that have readily determinable fair values and over which the Group has neither significant influence nor control through investments in common stock or in-substance common stock, the cost method of accounting is used.

Under the equity method, the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the equity investees are recorded in share of results of equity investees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and its share of post-acquisition movements are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a component of shareholders’ equity. The Group records its share of the results of equity investments in publicly listed companies and certain privately held companies on a one quarter in arrears basis. The excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the underlying equity in net assets of the equity investee represents goodwill and intangible assets acquired. When the Group’s share of losses in the equity investee equals or exceeds its interest in the equity investee, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless the Group has incurred obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of the equity investee.

Under the cost method, the Group carries the investment at cost and recognizes income to the extent of dividends received from the distribution of the equity investee’s post-acquisition profits.

The Group continually reviews its investment in equity investees to determine whether a decline in fair value to below the carrying value is other-than-temporary. The primary factors the Group considers in its determination are the duration and severity of the decline in fair value; the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of the equity investee; and other company specific information such as recent financing rounds. If the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the carrying value of the equity investee is written down to fair value.

u.Investment securities

The Group invests in marketable equity securities to meet business objectives. These marketable securities are reported at fair value, classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities in investment securities. The treatment of a decline in the fair value of an individual security is based on whether the decline is other-than-temporary. The Group assesses its available-for-sale securities for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, its ability and intent to hold the individual security, severity of the impairment, expected duration of the impairment and forecasted recovery of fair value. Investments classified as available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses, if any, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a component of shareholders’ equity. If the Group determines a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the individual security is written down to fair value as a new cost basis and the amount of the write-down is accounted for as a realized loss charged in others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive loss. The fair value of the investment would not be adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. The Group also invested in certain trust investments and applied the fair value option. The trust investments are carried at fair value, with the fair value changes recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

v.Other investments

Other investments represent the higher yield investments purchased by JD Finance and resold to third-party investors. JD Finance will earn yield differentials. As JD Finance takes the majority risks and rewards of the products sold to the third-party investors, the Group reported the investments purchased and the funds raised by sale of the financial products on a gross basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Group elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825 at the date of initial recognition and carried these investments subsequently at fair value. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, nil and RMB10,766,920 of the higher yield investments purchased by JD Finance with maturities within one year were recorded as other investments in current assets, and nil and RMB6,997,425 with the maturities over one year were recorded as other investments in non-current assets, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, nil and RMB18,106,270 of lower yield investments sold to the third-party investors were recorded as accrued expenses and other current liabilities (see Note 15) , in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. The interest revenue and cost are recorded as services and others revenue and cost of revenues, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

w.Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets.

x.Nonrecourse securitization debt

The Group periodically securitizes accounts receivables and loans arising from its consumer and supply chain financing businesses through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles. The securitization vehicles then issue debt securities to third party investors, collateralized by the transferred assets. The asset-backed debt securities issued by the securitization vehicles are nonrecourse to the Group and are payable only out of collections on their respective underlying collateralized assets. The securitization vehicles are considered consolidated variable interest entities pursuant to ASC 810, and the asset-backed debt securities issued by the securitization vehicles are reported as current and non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on their respective expected repayment dates. While the contractual maturities of the asset-backed debt securities are from 2017 to 2020, the securities are repaid as collections on the underlying collateralized assets occur. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the collateralized accounts receivables and loans were RMB4,320,000 and RMB17,339,490, respectively. The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding nonrecourse securitization debt as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 was approximately 5.30% and 4.39%, respectively.

y.Unsecured senior notes

Unsecured senior notes are recognized initially at fair value, net of debt discounts or premiums and debt issuance costs. Debt discount or premium and debt issuance costs are recorded as a reduction of the principal amount and the related accretion is recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss over the maturities of the notes using the effective interest method.

z.Fair value

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurement for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The Group measures certain financial assets, including the investments under the cost method and equity method on other-than-temporary basis, intangible assets, goodwill and fixed assets are marked to fair value when an impairment charge is recognized.

Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

aa.Revenue

The Group through its websites, mainly www.jd.com, engages primarily in the sale of electronics and home appliance products and general merchandise products sourced from manufacturers, distributors and publishers in China on the internet, and offers an online marketplace that enables third-party sellers to sell their products to consumers. The Group also offers financial services to its suppliers, third party sellers and qualified individual customers. Customers place their orders for products or services online through the Group’s websites. Payment for the purchased products or services is generally made either before delivery or upon delivery.

Consistent with the criteria of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, the Group recognizes revenues when the following four revenue recognition criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the selling price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

In accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, the Group evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. When the Group is primarily obligated in a transaction, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, or has several but not all of these indicators, revenues should be recorded on a gross basis. When the Group is not the primary obligor, doesn’t bear the inventory risk and doesn’t have the ability to establish the price, revenues are recorded on a net basis.

Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units of accounting and arrangement considerations are allocated using estimated selling prices if the Group does not have vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of the selling prices of the deliverables.

The Group recognizes revenue net of discounts and return allowances when the products are delivered and title passes to customers. Return allowances, which reduce net revenues, are estimated based on historical experiences.

The Group also sells prepaid cards which can be redeemed to purchase products sold on the website www.jd.com. The cash collected from the sales of prepaid cards is initially recorded in advance from customers in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently recognized as revenues upon the sales of the respective products through redemption of prepaid cards are completed.

Revenue is recorded net of value-added taxes, business taxes and related surcharges.

Online Direct Sales

The Group primarily sells electronics and home appliance products and general merchandise products through online direct sales. The Group recognizes the revenues from the online direct sales on a gross basis as the Group is primarily obligated in these transactions, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, or has met several but not all of these indicators. Revenues from the sales of electronics and home appliance products were RMB90,890,026, RMB134,346,243 and RMB179,636,669, and revenues from the sales of general merchandise products were RMB17,659,232, RMB33,374,741 and RMB58,065,317, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Services and Others

The revenues of services and others primarily consist of commission fees charged to third-party sellers for participating in the Group’s online marketplace, where the Group generally is not the primary obligor, does not bear the inventory risk, does not have the ability to establish the price or control the related shipping services when utilized by the online marketplace merchants. Upon successful sales at www.jd.com, the Group will charge the third-party sellers a negotiated amount or a fixed rate commission fee based on the sales amount. Commission fee revenues are recognized on a net basis at the point of delivery of products, net of return allowance.

The Group also provides online marketing services to merchants and suppliers on its various website channels and third party marketing affiliate’s websites, including but not limited to advertising placements such as banners, links, logos and buttons, and pay for performance marketing services on which merchants and suppliers are charged based on effective click on their products or service listings. The Group recognizes revenues from advertising placements ratably over the period during which the advertising services are provided or on the number of times that the advertisement has been displayed based on cost per thousand impressions, and recognizes revenues from pay for performance marketing services based on effective clicks. Advertising arrangements involving multiple deliverables are allocated into single-element arrangements based on their relative selling price in the absence of both vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence, and the related revenue is recognized over the period during which the element is provided. Significant assumptions and estimates have been made in estimating the relative selling price of each single-element, and changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the timing of advertising revenue recognition. The Group did not enter into material advertising-for-advertising barter transactions.

The Group offers consumer financing to individual customers and supply chain financing to suppliers and merchants on the Group’s online marketplace. Revenues resulting from these financing services are recognized in accordance with the contractual terms.

The Group earns transaction fees from processing transactions for online payment customers. Services resulting from these transactions are recognized as service revenues when processing services are completed. Transaction fee is charged based on certain criteria (such as account type and volume of payments received per month) for funds they receive.

The Group offers comprehensive customer services, primarily include 7*24 hours customer service to respond to customer post-sales requests, return and exchange service to facilitate customer’s return, exchange and repair of defective goods. These services are free of charge. The Group also provides return/exchange logistic service to the customers, of which the revenues recognized was not material for the periods presented.

bb.Customer incentives and loyalty programs

The Group provides two types of discounted coupons, referred to as D Coupons and J Coupons, for free to its customers to incentivize purchase.

D Coupons are given to a customer upon their current purchase or can be given for free to promote future purchases. This coupon requires the customer to make future purchase of a minimum value in order to enjoy the value provided by the coupon. The right to purchase discounted products in the future is not considered an element of an arrangement within the scope of the multiple-element arrangements guidance in ASC 605, as the right does not represent a significant and incremental discount to the customer. The Group assesses the significance of the discount by considering its percentage of the total future minimum purchase value, historical usage pattern by the customers and relative outstanding volume and monetary value of D Coupons compared to the other discounts offered by the Group. D Coupons are accounted for as a reduction of revenue on the future purchase.

J Coupons are given to a customer that has made a qualified purchase and is to be used on a future purchase, with no limitation as to the minimum value of the future purchase. Accordingly, the Group has determined that J Coupons awarded during a purchase activity are considered an element of an arrangement within the scope of ASC 605-25, as the J Coupons represent a significant and incremental discount to the customer. Therefore, the delivered products and the J Coupons awarded are treated as separate unit of accounting. The selling price of the J Coupons awarded is generally determined by management’s best estimate of the selling price in the absence of both vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence. The amount allocated to the J Coupons is deferred and recognized when the J Coupons are redeemed or at the coupon’s expiration, whichever occurs first. J Coupons have an expiration of one year after issuance. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, the amount of expired J Coupons was not material.

Registered customers may also earn loyalty points or J Beans, which was launched in October 2013 based on certain activities performed on the Group’s website by the customers such as purchasing merchandise or reviewing their buying experiences. Customers may redeem the loyalty points for J Coupons or J Beans to be used for future purchase of selected items without minimum purchase requirements. The Group considers loyalty points and J Beans awarded from sales of products and reviewing buying experiences to be part of its revenue generating activities, and such arrangements are considered to have multiple elements. Therefore, the sales consideration is allocated to the products and loyalty points or J Beans based on the relative selling price of the products and loyalty points or J Beans awarded. Consideration allocated to the loyalty points or J Beans is initially recorded as deferred revenues, and recognized as revenues when the J Coupons for which the loyalty points are redeemed are used, or when J Beans are used or expired. In October 2014, the Group terminated its loyalty points program and transferred all of the loyalty points to J Beans for the customers. J Beans will expire at the subsequent year end after issuance. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, the amount of expired J Beans was not material.

cc.Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues consists of purchase price of products, inbound shipping charges, write-downs of inventory, traffic acquisition costs related to online marketing services, and direct interest expense costs related to internet finance business. Shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are included in the inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of the products to the customers. Payment processing and related transaction costs, including those associated with the sales transactions as well as packaging material costs, are classified in fulfillment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

dd.Rebates and subsidies

The Group periodically receives considerations from certain vendors, representing rebates for products sold and subsidies for the sales of the vendors’ products over a period of time. The rebates are not sufficiently separable from the Group’s purchase of the vendors’ products and they do not represent a reimbursement of costs incurred by the Group to sell vendors’ products. The Group accounts for the rebates received from its vendors as a reduction to the prices it pays for the products purchased and therefore the Group records such amounts as a reduction of cost of revenues when recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Rebates are earned upon reaching minimum purchase thresholds for a specified period. When volume rebates can be reasonably estimated based on the Group’s past experiences and current forecasts, a portion of the rebates is recognized as the Group makes progress towards the purchase threshold. Subsidies are calculated based on the volume of products sold through the Group and are recorded as a reduction of cost of revenues when the sales have been completed and the amount is determinable.

ee.Fulfillment

Fulfillment costs represent packaging material costs and those costs incurred in outbound shipping, operating and staffing the Group’s fulfillment and customer service centers, including costs attributable to buying, receiving, inspecting and warehousing inventories; picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment; processing payment and related transaction costs and responding to inquiries from customers. Fulfillment costs also contain third party transaction fees, such as credit card processing and debit card processing fees. Shipping cost included in fulfillment costs amounted to RMB4,077,586, RMB7,236,163 and RMB11,389,845 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

ff.Marketing

Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising costs, public relations expenditures, and payroll and related expenses for employees involved in marketing and business development activities. The Group pays commissions to participants in the associates program when their customer referrals result in successful product sales and records such costs in marketing in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Group also participates in cooperative advertising arrangements with certain of the Group’s vendors and third-party sellers.

Advertising costs, which consist primarily of online advertising, offline television, movie and outdoor advertising, are expensed as incurred, and totaled RMB2,780,642, RMB5,721,216 and RMB8,106,188 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

gg.Technology and content

Technology and content expenses consist primarily of technology infrastructure expenses and payroll and related expenses for employees involved in platform development, category expansion, editorial content, buying and merchandising selection systems support, as well as costs associated with the computing, storage and telecommunications infrastructure for internal use that support the Group’s web services. Technology and content expenses are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are recorded in “Technology and content” as incurred as the costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant.

hh.General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of payroll and related expenses for employees involved in general corporate functions, including accounting, finance, tax, legal and human relations; costs associated with use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation expenses, rental and other general corporate related expenses.

ii.Share-based compensation

The Company grants non-vested ordinary shares, restricted share units (“RSUs”) and share options of the Company or its subsidiaries to eligible employees and non-employee consultants and accounts for these share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation — Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50 Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.

Employees’ share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses a) immediately at grant date if no vesting conditions are required; or b) using graded vesting method, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.

All transactions in which goods or services are received in exchange for equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.

Non-employees’ share-based awards are measured at fair value at the earlier of the commitment date or the date the services are completed. Awards granted to non-employees are re-measured at each reporting date using the fair value as at each period end until the measurement date, generally when the services are completed and awards are vested. Changes in fair value between the reporting dates are recognized by graded vesting method.

Prior to the Company’s initial public offering, the fair value of the non-vested ordinary shares and RSUs were assessed using the income approach/discounted cash flow method, with a discount for lack of marketability given that the shares underlying the awards were not publicly traded at the time of grant. This assessment required complex and subjective judgments regarding the Company’s projected financial and operating results, its unique business risks, the liquidity of its ordinary shares and its operating history and prospects at the time the grants were made. In addition, the binomial option-pricing model is used to measure the value of share options. The determination of the fair value is affected by the fair value of the ordinary shares as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, including the expected share price volatility, actual and projected employee and non-employee share option exercise behavior, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yield. Binomial option-pricing model incorporates the assumptions about grantees’ future exercise patterns. The fair value of these awards was determined with the assistance from an independent valuation firm using management’s estimates and assumptions.

After the Company’s initial public offering, in determining the fair value of the RSUs granted, the closing market price of the underlying shares on the last trading date prior to the grant dates is applied. In determining the fair value of the RSUs granted on May 22, 2014, the date when the Group’s ADSs first commenced trading on NASDAQ, the per share equivalent of the Company’s initial public offering price is applied.

Determination of estimated fair value of the Company’s subsidiaries before they were publicly listed requires complex and subjective judgments due to their limited financial and operating history, unique business risks and limited public information on companies in China similar to the Company’s subsidiaries. The Company, with the assistance of an independent valuation firm, evaluated the use of two generally accepted valuation approaches. The income approach is used if a revenue model had been established, the market approach is used if information from comparable companies had been available, or a weighted blend of these two approaches is used if more than one is applicable, to estimate the Company’s subsidiaries’ enterprise value for purposes of recording stock-based compensation.

The assumptions used in share-based compensation expense recognition represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and application of management judgment. If factors change or different assumptions are used, the share-based compensation expenses could be materially different for any period. Moreover, the estimates of fair value of the awards are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by grantees who receive share-based awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made by the Company for accounting purposes.

Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in the subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

jj.Income tax

Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. The Group follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Group records a valuation allowance to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the period of change.

The Group recognizes in its consolidated financial statements the benefit of a tax position if the tax position is “more likely than not” to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Group estimates its liability for unrecognized tax benefits which are periodically assessed and may be affected by changing interpretations of laws, rulings by tax authorities, changes and/or developments with respect to tax audits, and expiration of the statute of limitations. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in some cases, appeal or litigation process. The actual benefits ultimately realized may differ from the Group’s estimates. As each audit is concluded, adjustments, if any, are recorded in the Group’s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the audit is concluded. Additionally, in future periods, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Changes in recognition and measurement estimates are recognized in the period in which the changes occur. As of December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.

kk.Leases

Each lease is classified at the inception date as either a capital lease or an operating lease. For the lessee, a lease is a capital lease if any of the following conditions exist: a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) there is a bargain purchase option, c) the lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life or d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased property to the leaser at the inception date. A capital lease is accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and an incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases. Payments made under operating lease are charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss on a straight-line basis over the terms of underlying lease. The Group has no capital leases for any of the periods presented.

ll.Comprehensive income/(loss)

Comprehensive income/(loss) is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive income/(loss) for the periods presented includes net loss, changes in unrealized gains/(losses) on available for sales securities, foreign currency translation adjustments, and share of change in other comprehensive income/(loss) of equity investments.

mm.Earnings/(Loss) per share

Basic earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income/(loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares, considering the accretions to redemption value of the preferred shares and net income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Diluted earnings/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders, as adjusted for the accretion and allocation of net income related to the preferred shares and mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of shares issuable upon the conversion of the preferred shares using the if-converted method, unvested restricted shares, restricted share units and ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share options using the treasury stock method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.

nn.Segment reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Group’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer.

The Group historically had only one single reportable segment because the CODM formerly relied on the consolidated results of operations when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. With the development of the new business initiatives, the CODM started to separately evaluate performance and allocate resources by different business segments, thus the Group changed its reportable segments in 2016. The Group’s principal operations are currently organized into two major business segments, the JD Mall segment and the New businesses segment, which are defined based on the products and services provided. JD Mall represents traditional e-commerce business. New businesses include JD Finance, O2O, insurance, technology initiatives as well as overseas business. Accordingly, the Group updated the presentation of its reportable segments for prior years to conform to the current year’s presentation in accordance with ASC 280 Segment Reporting.

oo.Statutory reserves

The Company’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries established in the PRC are required to make appropriations to certain non-distributable reserve funds.

In accordance with the laws applicable to the Foreign Investment Enterprises established in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries registered as wholly-owned foreign enterprise have to make appropriations from their after-tax profits (as determined under generally accepted accounting principles in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”)) to reserve funds including general reserve fund, enterprise expansion fund and staff bonus and welfare fund. The appropriation to the general reserve fund must be at least 10% of the after-tax profits calculated in accordance with PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the general reserve fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the company. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff bonus and welfare fund are made at the respective company’s discretion.

In addition, in accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group’s VIE and VIEs’ subsidiaries, registered as Chinese domestic companies, must make appropriations from their after-tax profits as determined under the PRC GAAP to non-distributable reserve funds including statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund. The appropriation to the statutory surplus fund must be 10% of the after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP. Appropriation is not required if the statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of the registered capital of the company. Appropriation to the discretionary surplus fund is made at the discretion of the respective company.

The use of the general reserve fund, enterprise expansion fund, statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted to the offsetting of losses or increasing of the registered capital of the respective company. The staff bonus and welfare fund is a liability in nature and is restricted to fund payments of special bonus to employees and for the collective welfare of employees. None of these reserves are allowed to be transferred to the company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except under liquidation.

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, profit appropriation to statutory surplus fund for the Group’s entities incorporated in the PRC was approximately RMB12,361, RMB40,551 and RMB77,378 respectively. No appropriation to other reserve funds was made for any of the periods presented.

pp.Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)”, and requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of the revenue recognition guidance to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Group has set up an implementation team that is currently in the process of analyzing each of the Group’s revenue streams in accordance with the new revenue standard to determine the impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements. While the Group continues to assess all potential impacts of the standard, the Group currently anticipates there will be an impact related to the timing of when to recognize unredeemed portion of prepaid cards, which the Group will begin to recognize over the expected customer redemption period, rather than waiting until prepaid cards expire or when the likelihood of redemption becomes remote. The Group also anticipates that revenues and expenses related to certain advertising barter transactions will be recognized. The Group will apply the new revenue standard beginning January 1, 2018.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330),” which modifies the accounting for inventory. Under this ASU, the measurement principle for inventory will change from lower of cost or market value to lower of cost and net realizable value. The ASU defines net realizable value as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Group does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income taxes (Topic 740),” which amends the accounting for income taxes and requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The ASU may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively. The Group adopted this ASU in the quarter ended December 31, 2016 and retrospectively adjusted prior periods. Upon adoption, current deferred tax liabilities of RMB1,228 in the December 31, 2015 consolidated balance sheet were reclassified as non-current.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, which amends various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure for financial instruments. This amendment requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted only for certain provisions. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which introduces a new lessee model that brings substantially all leases on to the balance sheets. The ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, and expects this ASU will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, primarily to the consolidated balance sheets and related disclosures.

In March, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, which relates to the accounting for employee share-based payments. This standard addresses several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows; (d) accounting for forfeitures of share-based payments. The ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group does not expect this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326)”, which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Group is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of cash flows (Topic 230): restricted cash”, which requires entities to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the cash and cash equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of good will which was the step 2 test before. The ASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

Concentration and risks	12 Months Ended
Concentration and risks	Dec. 31, 2016
Concentration and risks
Concentration and risks	3. Concentration and risks Concentration of customers and suppliers There are no customers or suppliers from whom revenues or purchases individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues or the total purchases of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Concentration of credit risk Assets that potentially subject the Group to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, short-term investments and other investments. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amounts as of the balance sheet dates. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, all of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, and other investments were held by major financial institutions located in the PRC and Hong Kong which management believes are of high credit quality. On May 1, 2015, China’s new Deposit Insurance Regulation came into effect, pursuant to which banking financial institutions, such as commercial banks, established in China are required to purchase deposit insurance for deposits in RMB and in foreign currency placed with them. Such Deposit Insurance Regulation would not be effective in providing complete protection for the Group’s accounts, as its aggregate deposits are much higher than the compensation limit. However, the Group believes that the risk of failure of any of these PRC banks is remote. Bank failure is uncommon in China and the Group believes that those Chinese banks that hold the Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments are financially sound based on public available information. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers in the PRC. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by credit evaluations the Group performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring process of outstanding balances. Currency convertibility risk The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies. The Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments denominated in RMB that are subject to such government controls amounted to RMB12,630,577 and RMB16,827,371 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The value of RMB is subject to changes in the central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the PRC foreign exchange trading system market. In the PRC, certain foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”). Remittances in currencies other than RMB by the Group in the PRC must be processed through PBOC or other Chinese foreign exchange regulatory bodies which require certain supporting documentation in order to process the remittance. Foreign currency exchange rate risk In July 2005, the PRC government changed its decades-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the US$, and the RMB appreciated more than 20% against the US$ over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the RMB and the US$ remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the RMB has fluctuated against the US$, at times significantly and unpredictably. The depreciation of the RMB against the US$ were approximately 4.4% and 7.2% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the US$ in the future.

Restricted cash and restricted time deposit	12 Months Ended
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit	Dec. 31, 2016
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit	4. Restricted cash and restricted time deposit To meet the requirements of specific business operations, primarily including secured deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance and for payment service and prepaid cards, the Group held restricted cash of RMB2,114,913 and RMB4,391,955 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Changes in the restricted cash balances associated with the bank acceptance are classified as cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as the Group considers restricted cash arising from these activities directly related to the Group’s ordinary business operations. Changes in the restricted cash balances associated with payment services and prepaid cards are classified as cash flow from investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as the Group considers restricted cash arising from these activities similar to an investment.

Fair value measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement

5. Fair value measurement

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, information about inputs into the fair value measurement of the Group’s assets that are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is as follows:

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	As of December 31, 2015	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	462,158	—	462,158	—
Restricted cash	2,114,913	—	2,114,913	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	28,501	—	28,501	—
Wealth management products	2,751,981	—	2,751,981	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	1,005,831	1,005,831	—	—

Total assets	6,363,384	1,005,831	5,357,553	—

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	As of December 31, 2016	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	4,472,900	—	4,472,900	—
Restricted cash	4,391,955	—	4,391,955	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	3,512,000	—	3,512,000	—
Wealth management products	3,661,626	—	3,661,626	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	1,059,632	1,059,632	—	—
Trust investments	724,449	—	724,449	—
Other investments	17,764,345	—	17,764,345	—

Total assets	35,586,907	1,059,632	34,527,275	—

When available, the Group uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of an asset or liability. If quoted market prices are not available, the Group will measure fair value using valuation techniques that use, when possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates and currency rates. Following is a description of the valuation techniques that the Group uses to measure the fair value of assets that the Group reports in its Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value on a recurring basis.

Cash equivalents

Time deposits. The Group values its time deposits held in certain bank accounts using quoted prices for securities with similar characteristics and other observable inputs, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash are valued based on the pervasive interest rate in the market, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

Short-term investments

Wealth management products. The Group values its wealth management products using alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs, and accordingly the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, gross unrealized gains of RMB1,981 and RMB19,287 were recorded on wealth management products, respectively. No impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Investment securities

Listed equity securities. The Group values its listed equity securities using quoted prices for the underlying securities in active markets, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1. The following table summarizes the carrying value and fair value of the investment securities which are accounted for as available-for-sale securities:

	Cost Basis	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses		Provision for decline in value		Fair Value
	RMB	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB

December 31, 2015	1,254,589	77,299	—		(326,057	)	1,005,831

December 31, 2016	1,181,710	116,434	(37,551	)	(200,961	)	1,059,632

On May 12, 2016, the Group invested in Bluefocus Communication Group Co., Ltd. (“BlueFocus”) by subscription of its newly issued ordinary shares, representing approximately 0.8% of the outstanding ordinary shares of BlueFocus. Total cash consideration for the investment in BlueFocus was RMB200,000.

The Group reviews its available-for-sale securities investments regularly to determine if an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in quoted market price or other impairment indicators. Impairment charges of RMB326,057 and RMB200,961 were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Trust investments. The Group values its trust investments using quoted prices for securities with similar characteristics and other observable inputs, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

Other investments

The Group values other investments using alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs, and accordingly the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2.

Other financial instruments

The followings are other financial instruments not measured at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, but for which the fair value is estimated for disclosure purposes.

Short-term receivables and payables. Accounts receivable, loan receivables and prepayments and other current assets are financial assets with carrying values that approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and advance from customers, are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

Short-term borrowings. Interest rates under the borrowing agreements with the lending parties were determined based on the prevailing interest rates in the market. The Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2 fair value measurement.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Goodwill. The inputs used to measure the estimated fair value of goodwill are classified as Level 3 fair value measurement due to the significance of unobservable inputs using company-specific information. The valuation methodology used to estimate the fair value of goodwill is discussed in Note 7 —“Business Combination”.

Investment in equity investees. Investments in privately held companies and publicly traded companies included within investment in equity investees in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are reviewed periodically for impairment using fair value measurement. The primary factors that the Group considers include the duration and severity that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value; post-balance sheet date fair value of the investment; the financial condition, operating performance, strategic collaboration with and the prospects of the investee; the economic or technological environment in which the investee operates; and other entity specific information such as recent financing rounds completed by the investee companies. The investments in privately held companies were measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, with impairment charges of nil, RMB285,051 and RMB436,621 were recorded in others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The valuation methodology used to estimate the fair value of investments in publicly traded companies and associated impairment charges are discussed in Note 6 —“Investment in equity investees”.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Investment in equity investees

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Investment in equity investees

Investment in equity investees

6. Investment in equity investees

Cost method

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the carrying values of the Group’s cost method investments were RMB3,308,127 and RMB5,714,513, respectively. Investments were accounted for under the cost method if the Group had no significant influence over the investee or if the underlying shares the Group invested in were not considered in-substance common stock and had no readily determinable fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Group invested RMB2,856,500 and RMB2,580,640 in multiple private companies accounted for under cost method respectively, which may have operational synergy with the Group’s core business. During the year ended December 31, 2016, investment consideration for the top two investees were RMB1,298,700 and RMB344,325, respectively.

Equity method

As of December 31, 2016, the Group’s investments accounted for under the equity method totaled RMB9,520,507 which mainly included the investment in Yonghui Superstores Co., Ltd, (“Yonghui”) amounting to RMB4,234,845, the investment in Bitauto Holdings Limited (“Bitauto”) amounting to RMB2,386,118, the investment in Dada Nexus Limited (“Dada”) amounting to RMB1,443,239, and the investment in Tuniu Corporation (“Tuniu”) amounting to RMB1,198,405. The Group applies the equity method of accounting to account for its equity investments, in common stock or in-substance common stock, over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control.

Investment in Yonghui

On August 11, 2016, the Group completed the investment in Yonghui through the subscription of newly issued ordinary shares representing 10% equity interest in Yonghui. Yonghui is a leading hypermarket and supermarket operator in China and is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Total consideration for the investment in Yonghui was RMB4,234,929 in cash. Investment in Yonghui is accounted for using the equity method as the Group has obtained significant influence by the right to nominate two board members out of eleven. The investment cost allocated as follows:

	As of August 11, 2016		As of December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Yonghui	4,234,929		4,234,845
Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,869,905		1,877,196

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Yonghui’s net tangible and intangible assets	2,365,024		2,357,649


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill	1,270,190		1,270,190
Amortizable intangible assets (*)	1,459,779		1,449,946
Deferred tax liabilities	(364,945	)	(362,487	)

	2,365,024		2,357,649


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Yonghui	—		(84	)

(*) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Yonghui’s consolidated financial statements was 18 years.

As of December 31, 2016, the market value of the Group’s investment in Yonghui was approximately RMB4,699,097 based on the quoted closing price as of December 31, 2016.

Investment in Bitauto

On February 16, 2015, the Group completed its investment in Bitauto through the subscription of newly issued ordinary shares, representing approximately 25% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Bitauto. Bitauto is a leading provider of internet content and marketing services for China’s fast-growing automotive industry that is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Stock Market (“Nasdaq”). Total consideration for the initial investment in Bitauto was RMB5,496,188 with a combination of RMB2,450,920 in cash and RMB3,045,268 in the form of future services, including exclusive access to the new and used car channels on the Group’s website and mobile apps and additional support from the Group’s key platforms for a period of 5 years. On June 17, 2016, the Group additionally acquired Bitauto’s newly issued ordinary shares by paying the cash consideration of RMB328,975. After the subsequent investment in June 2016, the Group held approximately 26% of Bitauto’s issued and outstanding shares. Investment in Bitauto is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows:

	As of February 16, 2015		As of December 31, 2015		As of December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Bitauto (*)	5,496,188		2,881,194		2,386,118
Proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	2,119,109		2,141,053		2,492,056

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	3,377,079		740,141		(105,938	)


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill (*)	2,846,260		260,619		—
Amortizable intangible assets (**)	707,758		639,362		(105,938	)
Deferred tax liabilities	(176,939	)	(159,840	)	—

	3,377,079		740,141		(105,938	)


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Bitauto	—		(2,614,994	)	(3,439,045	)

(*) In the fourth quarter of 2015 and 2016, the Group conducted an impairment assessment on its investment in Bitauto considering the duration and severity of the decline of Bitauto’s stock price after the investment, as well as the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of Bitauto, and concluded the decline in fair value of the investment was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, the Group recorded a charge of RMB2,585,641 and RMB672,886 to write down the carrying value of its investment in Bitauto to the fair value, based on quoted closing price of Bitauto’s stock as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

(**) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Bitauto’s consolidated financial statements was 5 years.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the market value of the Group’s investment in Bitauto was approximately RMB2,881,194 and RMB2,386,118 based on the quoted closing price, respectively.

Investment in Dada

In April 2016, the Group signed series of agreements with Dada, China’s largest crowdsourcing delivery platform. The Group obtained a) the newly issued ordinary shares of Dada which represents approximately 81% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares, or approximately 41% of the equity interests of Dada on a fully diluted basis, b) the newly issued preferred shares of Dada which represents approximately 7% of the equity interest in Dada on a fully diluted basis, and c) A warrant to purchase additional preferred shares of Dada at a pre-determined price for the next 2 years. Total consideration for the above investments and warrant was RMB3,508,200 with a combination of RMB1,298,700 in cash, the Group’s future services, including supply chain support for a period of 10 years, traffic and other additional support for a period of 7 years, non-compete obligation in O2O business for a period of 7 years, and the Group’s O2O business, JD Daojia. The Group holds two board seats out of five with the founder of Dada holding the casting vote after the transaction.

With the assistance of an independent appraiser, the Group estimated the fair value of the assets/investments received as follows:

		As of
		April 26, 2016
		RMB

Assets/investments received by the Group
Dada’s ordinary shares		2,164,050
Dada’s preferred shares		1,298,700
Warrant to purchase Dada’s preferred shares		45,450

		3,508,200

As the Group disposed a consolidated business (JD Daojia), a disposal gain of RMB1,227,760 was recorded in others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, which equals to the difference between the fair value and carrying value of JD Daojia as of the disposal date of April 26, 2016.

The investment in Dada’s ordinary shares is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows:

	As of		As of
	April 26, 2016		December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Dada’s ordinary shares	2,164,050		1,443,239
Proportionate share of Dada’s net tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets	424,140		(290,365	)

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Dada’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,739,910		1,733,604


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill	1,605,891		1,605,891
Amortizable intangible assets (*)	178,692		170,284
Deferred tax liabilities	(44,673	)	(42,571	)

	1,739,910		1,733,604


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Dada	—		(720,811	)

(*) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Dada’s consolidated financial statements was 9 years.

The investment in Dada’s preferred shares is accounted for under the cost method as the underlying preferred shares were not considered in-substance common stock and had no readily determinable fair value. The warrant is a freestanding financial instrument and was recorded at fair value of RMB45,450 upon initial recognition.

Investment in Tuniu

In December 2014, the Group acquired 6.5% equity interest in Tuniu with cash consideration of RMB305,930 (“Initial Investment”). Tuniu is a leading online leisure travel company in China that is listed on the Nasdaq. The Group accounted for the Initial Investment as an available-for-sale security.

On May 22, 2015, the Group additionally acquired Tuniu’s newly issued ordinary shares for total consideration of RMB2,188,490 with a combination of RMB1,528,275 in cash and RMB660,215 in the form of future services, including granting Tuniu an exclusive right, for a period of 5 years, to operate the leisure travel channels on the Group’s website and mobile apps, and Tuniu becomes the Group’s preferred partner for hotel and air ticket booking services. After the subsequent investment in May 2015, the Group held approximately 28% of Tuniu’s issued and outstanding shares and had one board seat. Hence, the Group adopted equity method of accounting to account for the investment in Tuniu. In accordance with ASC 323, accumulated unrealized gains of RMB14,395 that were previously recorded for fair value change of the Initial Investment were reversed in the second quarter of 2015, and the cost of Initial Investment balance was adjusted as if the equity method of accounting had been applied since the Initial Investment was made and reclassified from investment securities to investment in equity investees in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In January 2016, Tuniu issued new shares to HNA Tourism Group, a third party investor, for an aggregate price of approximately US$500,000 and the Group’s interest in Tuniu was diluted to approximately 21% as of January 21, 2016. As the issuance price per share was higher than the Group’s average carrying value per share, the Group recorded a gain of RMB108,495 to reflect the deemed disposal.

Investment in Tuniu is accounted for using the equity method with the cost allocated as follows:

	As of		As of		As of
	May 22, 2015		December 31, 2015		December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Tuniu (*)	2,494,145		2,343,301		1,198,405
Proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,014,296		878,668		1,006,763

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,479,849		1,464,633		191,642


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill (*)	1,212,149		1,212,149		23,899
Amortizable intangible assets (**)	356,933		336,645		223,657
Deferred tax liabilities	(89,233	)	(84,161	)	(55,914	)

	1,479,849		1,464,633		191,642


Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest in Tuniu	—		(150,844	)	(1,295,740)

(*) In the second quarter of 2016, the Group conducted an impairment assessment on its investment in Tuniu considering the duration and severity of the decline of Tuniu’s stock price after the investment, and concluded the decline in fair value of the investment was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, the Group recorded a charge of RMB721,501 to write down the carrying value of its investment in Tuniu to its then fair value of RMB1,454,578, based on the quoted closing price of Tuniu as of June 30, 2016.

(**) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Tuniu’s financial statements was 8 years.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the market value of the Group’s investment in Tuniu was approximately RMB2,700,098 and RMB1,579,417 based on the quoted closing price, respectively.

The Group summarizes the condensed financial information of the Group’s equity investments as a group below in accordance with Rule 4-08 of Regulation S-X:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Operating data:
Revenue	9,937,684		37,129,877
Gross profit	2,935,620		4,829,800
Loss from operations	(1,592,094	)	(3,138,278	)
Net loss	(1,572,381	)	(3,376,144	)
Net loss attributable to shareholder	(1,597,903	)	(3,736,188	)

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Balance sheet data:
Current assets	13,606,870		47,159,053
Non-current assets	6,838,075		26,252,671
Current liabilities	6,518,096		27,108,229
Non-current liabilities	146,008		4,559,231
Redeemable stock	—		4,795,473
Non-controlling interests	1,714,021		4,072,998

The Group recorded its interests in Yonghui, Bitauto, Dada and Tuniu one quarter in arrears to enable the Group to provide its financial disclosure independent of the reporting schedule of these equity investees.

The Group performs impairment assessment of its investments under the cost method and equity method whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may not be fully recoverable. Impairment charges in connection with the cost method investments of nil, RMB285,051 and RMB436,621 were recorded in others, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Impairment charges in connection with the equity method investments of nil, RMB2,585,641 and RMB1,416,801 were recorded in share of results of equity investees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Business Combination

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Business Combination

Business Combination

7. Business Combination

Transaction with Tencent

On March 10, 2014, the Group entered into a Strategic Cooperation Agreement (“Agreement”) with Tencent Holdings Limited (“Tencent”), for a period of 5 years from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2019. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Group has become Tencent’s preferred partner in the development of physical goods e-Commerce business in Greater China including: (a) Tencent grants the Group prominent level-1 access points in Weixin and mobile QQ applications; (b) Tencent provides internet traffic and other support from other key platforms to the Group; and (c) the Group cooperates with Tencent in a number of areas primarily mobile-related products, social networking services, membership systems and payment solutions. Terms described in (a), (b) and (c) above are hereinafter collectively referred to as “Strategic Cooperation”. In addition, for a period of 8 years from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2022, other than the operation of Shanghai Icson E-Commerce Development Group Limited (“Shanghai Icson”), a subsidiary of Tencent, Tencent will not engage in any online direct sales or managed marketplace business model in physical goods e-Commerce businesses in Greater China and a few selected international markets, hereinafter referred to as “Non-Compete”.

On the same date, the Group also entered into a series of agreements with Tencent and its affiliates, pursuant to which, the Group acquired from Tencent: (i) 100% business operation of two online marketplace platforms, Paipai and QQ Wanggou (“Combined Platform Business”); (ii) 9.9% equity interest in Shanghai Icson (“Investment in Shanghai Icson”); (iii) a call option (“Call Option”) to acquire the remaining equity interest of Shanghai Icson, with a price higher of the fair value of the remaining equity interest or RMB800,000 within three years commencing the closing of the Transaction; (iv) certain logistic workforce; and (v) a land use right. The above (i) to (v), Strategic Cooperation and Non-Compete are collectively referred to as “Transaction”. In April, 2016, the Group exercised the Call Option by paying RMB800,000 to acquire the remaining equity interest in Shanghai Iscon.

As consideration for the Transaction, the Company issued 351,678,637 ordinary shares to Huang River Investment Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tencent, representing 15% shares on a fully diluted basis under treasury method upon the closing of the Transaction, on March 10, 2014.

The main purpose of the transaction is to further expand product and service offerings to the Group’s online shopping customers.

The acquisition of Combined Platform Business is accounted for as a business combination and the results of operations of the Combined Platform Business from the acquisition date have been included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. The acquisitions of Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistic Workforce and Land use right are considered asset acquisitions separate from the acquisition of Combined Platform Business. The investment in Shanghai Icson was accounted for under the cost method and recorded in investment in equity investees on the acquisition day. The identifiable intangible assets acquired are amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective useful lives.

The Group has performed the following steps to estimate the cost of the assets and business acquired with the assistance from an independent valuation firm: 1) estimate the total fair value of 351,678,637 ordinary shares issued to Huang River Investment Limited as the consideration of the transaction on March 10, 2014 using the income approach, or the discounted cash flow, or DCF method; 2) estimate the stand-alone fair value of the Combined Platform Business as well as fair value of each of Strategic Cooperation Agreement, Non-Compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistic workforce and Land Use Right (collectively “Asset Acquisition”); 3) The excess of (1) over sum of (2) and net cash acquired in the Transaction has been allocated to each individual asset of the Asset Acquisition and the Combined Platform Business based on their relative fair values. Additionally, in accordance with the relevant accounting guidance, non-transferability relating to lock-up period associated with the shares issued to Huang River Investment Limited for a period of three years commencing from March 10, 2014, is factored in estimating the fair value of shares issued to acquire Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistic Workforce and Land use right, but is not factored in estimating the fair value of shares issued to acquire Combined Platform Business.

The Group considered the following valuation method and significant assumptions in evaluating certain significant intangible assets acquired from the current Transaction:

Strategic Cooperation Agreement—In addition to the Group’s general business cooperation with Tencent primarily in areas of mobile-related products, social networking services, membership systems and payment solutions, the other parts of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement is in substance a prepaid advertising/promotion service where Tencent users can be diverted to the Group’s websites/platforms where (a) Tencent grants the Group prominent level-1 access points in Weixin and mobile QQ applications and (b) Tencent provides internet traffic and other support from its other key platforms to the Group. These advertising/promotion services include push messages, advertising, payment processing and application activation. The general business cooperation is not recognized as a separate intangible asset because such provisions only set out the general principal for the cooperation between the Group and Tencent with no specific deliverables provided to the Group. The amount recognized for the Strategic Cooperation Agreement relates to the advertising/ promotion services and the fair value was established using a form of the income approach known as the cost saving method. This method recognizes that, because of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, the Group can save advertising fees, traffic acquisition costs, payment processing fees and application activation fees that otherwise would need to be paid to a third party for the similar services. The estimated unit market price of the advertising/promotion services was multiplied by the volume of the services to be provided by Tencent to arrive at the cost saving attributable to the Strategic Cooperation Agreement. The most significant assumptions inherent in this approach include: 1) the estimated market price of the services to be provided, 2) the volume of the services to be provided, and 3) discount rate. When applying the cost saving method for the valuation of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, market participant assumptions were used in accordance with ASC 820. Specifically, the basis of the assumptions were determined with consideration of the terms of the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, an industry report regarding China’s e-commerce sector and a market rate that market participants have to pay to third parties for similar services on arm’s length basis. The present value of the after-tax cost savings at an appropriate discount rate indicates the value of Strategic Cooperation Agreement. The discount rate was derived by using the capital asset pricing model (the “CAPM”), which is a method that market participants commonly use to price assets. Based on the CAPM, the Group concluded a discount rate of 17.5% was appropriate for valuing the Strategic Cooperation Agreement.

Non-compete Agreement—Other than the operation of Shanghai Icson, Tencent will not engage in any online direct sales or managed marketplace business models in physical goods e-Commerce business in Greater China and a few selected international markets. The fair value of the Non-compete was determined based on the “with and without” method, which takes into consideration the cash flow increments between the scenario where the Non-compete is not in place and the scenario where the Non-compete is in place for a period of 8 years from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2022. The most significant assumption inherent in this approach when valuing the Non-compete was the amount of economic impact to the Group that would occur from competition during the period when non-compete agreement is effective. Based on the CAPM, the Group concluded a discount rate of 17.5%, which reflects a market participant’s required rate of return for the risks of investing in the Non-compete, was appropriate for discounting the cash flow attributable to the Non-compete.

Investment in Shanghai Icson—In determining the fair value of the investment in Shanghai Icson, the Group followed a two-step process. In the first step, the discounted cash flow method, or DCF, was used as the primary approach to determine the fair value of the equity interest of Shanghai Icson and market approach to cross-check the valuation results derived by the DCF method. The free cashflow of Shanghai Icson was discounted by 22%, which was determined by the CAPM to reflect a market participant’s required rate of return for the risks of investing in the equity interest of Shanghai Icson. In the second step, since the Group’s investment in Shanghai Icson is in the form of preferred shares, an option pricing method to allocate the equity interest of Shanghai Icson to its common shares and preferred shares was used. The significant assumptions inherent in option pricing models are the expected time of liquidity event, risk free rate and volatility factor of equity interest of Shanghai Icson.

The Group made estimates and judgments in determining the fair value of the assets and business acquired with the assistance from an independent valuation firm. The purchase price allocation is as follows:

		Amount
		RMB
Fair value of the Company’s shares issued *		11,644,310
Transaction costs**		20,705

Total value to be allocated in purchase accounting		11,665,015

	Amount		Amortization Years
	RMB
Strategic Cooperation Agreement	6,075,289		5
Non-compete Agreement	1,442,389		8
Combined Platform Business
Cash	60,284
Other current assets	3,587
Property, plant and equipment, net	17,647
Current liabilities	(63,871	)
Technology***	108,800		5
Domain names and trademark***	33,100		10
Advertising customer relationship***	80,400		7
Goodwill***	2,593,420
Deferred tax liability	(41,893	)
Investment in Shanghai Icson	252,779
Call Option	—
Logistic workforce	13,900		3
Land use right	73,632		40
Net cash acquired	1,015,552

Total Purchase price	11,665,015

* Among total fair value of the shares issued of RMB11,644,310, RMB2,791,474 is the consideration for the acquisition of Combined Platform Business and RMB8,852,836 is the consideration for the acquisition of Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistics workforce, Land use right, and Net cash acquired.

** In accordance with ASC 805-10-25-23, transaction costs relating to the business combination of the Combined Platform Business are expensed as incurred while in accordance with ASC 805-50-30-2, transaction costs relating to the acquisition of the assets in the Asset Acquisition form part of the assets’ initial carrying values, and have been included in the estimated purchase price.

*** In November 2015, the Group announced its decision to terminate the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) business of Paipai.com by December 31, 2015 with a transitional period of three months. The shut-down of Paipai.com is to combat the marketing and sales of counterfeit products and to protect the interests of consumers and brands. As a result, the Group decided that the goodwill arisen from the acquisition of the Combined Platform Business was fully impaired and an impairment charge of RMB2,593,420 was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015. Concurrently, the remaining balance of the intangible assets arisen from the acquisition amounted to RMB156,709 as of December 31, 2015 was also determined to be impaired and the related deferred tax liability of RMB27,796 recorded from the acquisition of the Combined Platform Business was reversed as a tax benefit in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Based on the assessment of the financial performance of the acquired Combined Platform Business made by the Group, the acquired business is not considered material to the Group. Thus the presentation of the pro-forma financial information with regard to a summary of the results of operations of the Group for the business combination is not required.

Transaction with Walmart

On June 20, 2016, the Group, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (“Walmart”), and Yihaodian (“YHD”), a subsidiary of Walmart, entered into a series of agreements to form a strategic alliance to better serve the consumers across China. Pursuant to the series agreements, (a) the Group acquired the YHD marketplace platform assets, including the YHD brand, websites and mobile apps (“YHD marketplace”). Walmart will continue to operate the YHD direct sales business as one of the merchants on the YHD marketplace; (b) In a period of 8 years commencing from June 20, 2016, Walmart agreed not to engage in or invest in any ecommerce direct sale, e-commerce marketplace or online to offline (“O2O”) platform in China (other than Dada), hereinafter referred to as “Non-Compete”.

As consideration for the acquisition of YHD marketplace and Non-Compete, the Company issued 144,952,250 Class A ordinary shares to Walmart, representing approximately 5% shares on a fully diluted basis under the treasury method upon the closing of the transaction, on June 20, 2016. In accordance with the agreement, Walmart cannot transfer such shares in a 5 years period starting from June 20, 2016.

In addition, the Group and Walmart also entered into Business Cooperation Agreement (“BCA”) in several strategic areas for a period of 5 years commencing from June 20, 2016. Pursuant to BCA, the Group and Walmart agreed to partner in several strategic areas, including: a) Sam’s Club China agreed to open a flagship store on JD.com, expanding the availability of Sam’s Club’s high-quality imported products across China; b) The Group and Walmart agreed to work together to leverage their supply chains to increase the product selection for customers across China, including a broader range of imported products; c) The Group agreed to give the Sam’s flagship store preferential traffic entrance.

The acquisition of YHD marketplace is accounted for as a business combination and the results of operations of the YHD marketplace from the acquisition date have been included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. The acquisition of Non-Compete is considered asset acquisitions separate from the acquisition of YHD marketplace. The identifiable intangible assets acquired are amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective useful lives.

The terms of BCA were negotiated separately and are similar to the terms with third parties, which were based on an arm’s-length basis, and the fair value of the BCA are not material to the Group as a whole.

The Group has performed the following steps to estimate the fair value of the assets and business acquired with the assistance from an independent valuation firm: 1) estimate the total fair value of 144,952,250 ordinary shares issued to Walmart as the consideration of the transaction using the quoted closing price on June 20, 2016; 2) estimate the stand-alone fair value of the YHD marketplace and Non-Compete; Additionally, in accordance with the relevant accounting guidance, non-transferability relating to lock-up period associated with the shares issued to Walmart for a period of 5 years commencing from June 20, 2016, is factored in estimating the fair value of shares issued to acquire Non-Compete, but is not factored in estimating the fair value of shares issued to acquire YHD marketplace.

Non-compete Agreement—In a period of 8 years commencing from June 20, 2016, Walmart agreed not to directly or indirectly engage in or invest in any e-commerce direct sale, e-commerce marketplace or online to offline (O2O) platform in China (other than Dada). The fair value of the Non-Compete was determined based on the “with and without” method, which takes into consideration the cash flow increments between the scenario where the Non-Compete is not in place and the scenario where the Non-Compete is in place for a period of 8 years commencing from June 20, 2016. The most significant assumption inherent in this approach when valuing the Non-Compete was the amount of economic impact to the Group that would occur from competition during the period when Non-Compete agreement is effective. Based on the CAPM, the Group concluded a discount rate of 17%, reflecting market participant’s required rate of return for the risks of investing in the Non-Compete, was appropriate for discounting the cash flow attributable to the Non-Compete.

		Amount
		RMB
Fair value of the Company’s shares issued		9,592,258

	Amount		Amortization Years
	RMB
Non-compete Agreement	1,019,816		8
YHD marketplace
Property, plant and equipment, net	65,887
Customer relationship	29,896		10
Technology	537,785		7
Domain names and trademark	3,099,958		20
Goodwill	5,755,826
Deferred tax liability	(916,910	)

Total Purchase price	9,592,258

Goodwill arising from this acquisition was attributable to the synergies expected from the combined business which will increase both product selection and overall user experience.

Based on the assessment on financial performance of the acquired YHD marketplace made by the Group, the acquired business is not considered material to the Group. Thus the presentation of the pro-forma financial information with regard to a summary of the results of operations of the Group for the business combination is not required.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65885119&loc=d3e1497-128463

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65885119&loc=d3e1490-128463

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65885119&loc=d3e1392-128463

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e7008-128479

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65885119&loc=d3e1486-128463

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e6927-128479

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73530397&loc=d3e4845-128472

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65885119&loc=d3e1524-128463

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e7000-128479

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73530397&loc=d3e4922-128472

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73530397&loc=d3e4934-128472

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73530397&loc=d3e4926-128472

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4A
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73530397&loc=SL65897772-128472

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65885119&loc=d3e1383-128463

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35744584&loc=d3e6996-128479

+ Details

Accounts receivable, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net

8. Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables	7,579,868		16,336,141
Online payment processing transactions receivables	385,547		770,134
Advertising receivables	121,170		179,498
Others	379,059		594,947

Accounts receivable	8,465,644		17,880,720

Allowance for doubtful accounts	(271,979	)	(416,312	)

Accounts receivable, net	8,193,665		17,464,408

The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts were as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balance at beginning of the year	(1,770	)	(63,715	)	(271,979	)
Additions	(64,424	)	(273,772	)	(408,316	)
Reverse	868		—		—
Write-offs	1,611		65,508		263,983

Balance at end of the year	(63,715	)	(271,979	)	(416,312	)

The value-added tax receivables due from customers are recorded in online direct sales and online marketplace receivables. The allowance for doubtful accounts related to the Group’s financing receivables from individual customers related to the online direct sales business was RMB253,347 and RMB398,815 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses.

+ References + Details

Inventories, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Inventories, net

Inventories, net

9. Inventories, net

Inventories, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB
Products	20,436,275	28,778,528
Packing materials and others	103,268	130,910

Inventories, net	20,539,543	28,909,438

Property, equipment and software, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Property, equipment and software, net

Property, equipment and software, net

10. Property, equipment and software, net

Property, equipment and software, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Electronic equipment	3,089,415		4,422,833
Office equipment	202,422		266,411
Vehicles	843,922		1,091,556
Logistic and warehouse equipment	1,105,245		1,578,653
Leasehold improvement	306,352		496,887
Software	149,590		196,713
Building and building improvement	2,526,948		3,069,651

Total	8,223,894		11,122,704
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,990,788	)	(3,725,675	)

Net book value	6,233,106		7,397,029

Depreciation expenses were RMB514,974, RMB1,123,076 and RMB1,944,606 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Land use rights, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Land use rights, net

Land use rights, net

11. Land use rights, net

Land use rights, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Land use rights	1,999,424		2,567,271
Less: Accumulated amortization	(71,232	)	(119,760	)

Net book value	1,928,192		2,447,511

Amortization expenses for land use rights were RMB19,342, RMB30,360 and RMB48,528 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods are estimated to be as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	52,329	52,329	52,329	52,329	52,329	2,185,866

Intangible assets, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net

12. Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net, consist of the following:

	As of December 31, 2015
	Weighted- Average Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount		Net Carrying Amount
	Year	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB
Strategic Cooperation	5.0	6,075,289	(2,130,512	)	—		3,944,777
Non-compete	8.0	1,447,189	(327,622	)	—		1,119,567
Technology	4.9	110,900	(40,715	)	(69,922	)	263
Advertising customer relationship	7.0	80,400	(20,737	)	(59,663	)	—
Domain names and trademark	10.0	85,632	(22,893	)	(27,124	)	35,615
Logistic workforce	3.0	13,900	(8,378	)	—		5,522
Online payment and other licenses	14.3	200,924	(45,981	)	—		154,943
Copyrights	2.4	19,656	(16,360	)	—		3,296

Total	5.8	8,033,890	(2,613,198	)	(156,709	)	5,263,983

	As of December 31, 2016
	Weighted- Average Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount		Net Carrying Amount
	Year	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB
Strategic Cooperation	5.0	6,075,289	(3,348,899	)	—		2,726,390
Non-compete	8.0	2,467,005	(576,654	)	—		1,890,351
Technology	6.7	682,685	(85,168	)	(69,922	)	527,595
Advertising customer relationship	7.7	131,296	(24,565	)	(59,663	)	47,068
Domain names and trademark	19.5	3,236,980	(117,181	)	(27,124	)	3,092,675
Logistic workforce	3.0	13,900	(13,024	)	—		876
Online payment and other licenses	12.7	236,898	(67,597	)	—		169,301
Copyrights	2.4	20,363	(20,322	)	—		41

Total	9.5	12,864,416	(4,253,410	)	(156,709	)	8,454,297

Amortization expenses for intangible assets were RMB1,116,217, RMB1,465,625 and RMB1,640,212 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The Group recorded an impairment charge of nil, RMB156,709 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Please refer to Note 7 for details.

As of December 31, 2016, amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods are estimated to be as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	1,802,806	1,801,128	880,089	578,726	573,544	2,818,004

Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Goodwill

Goodwill

13. Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	JD Mall	New Businesses		Total
	RMB	RMB		RMB
Balance as of December 31, 2013
Goodwill	—	14,649		14,649
Accumulated impairment loss	—	—		—

	—	14,649		14,649


Transaction in 2014
Additions	14,401	2,593,420		2,607,821
Balance as of December 31, 2014
Goodwill	14,401	2,608,069		2,622,470
Accumulated impairment loss	—	—		—

	14,401	2,608,069		2,622,470

Transaction in 2015
Impairment	—	(2,593,420	)	(2,593,420	)
Balance as of December 31, 2015
Goodwill	14,401	2,608,069		2,622,470
Accumulated impairment loss	—	(2,593,420	)	(2,593,420	)

	14,401	14,649		29,050


Transaction in 2016
Additions	6,512,618	—		6,512,618
Balance as of December 31, 2016
Goodwill	6,527,019	2,608,069		9,135,088
Accumulated impairment loss	—	(2,593,420	)	(2,593,420	)

	6,527,019	14,649		6,541,668

The Group recorded an impairment charge of nil, RMB2,593,420 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Please refer to Note 7 for details.

Short-term borrowings	12 Months Ended
Short-term borrowings	Dec. 31, 2016
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings	14. Short-term borrowings Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2015 amounted to RMB3,040,209, which consisted of several bank borrowings denominated in RMB. All of these bank borrowings were repayable within one year. The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2015 was approximately 4.40%. Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2016 amounted to RMB8,333,317, which consisted of bank borrowings, recourse securitization debt, recourse refactoring debt and other financing activities denominated in RMB. All of these borrowings were repayable within one year. The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2016 was approximately 4.91%.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

15. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB
Amount due to the third-party investors from the sale of financial products	—	18,106,270
Salary and welfare payables	1,689,809	2,118,459
Deposits	3,627,058	6,845,980
Payable related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards	276,259	74,119
Rental fee payables	135,534	250,795
Professional fee accruals	75,086	96,114
Others	1,374,319	1,939,747

Total	7,178,065	29,431,484

Unsecured senior notes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Unsecured senior notes

Unsecured senior notes

16. Unsecured senior notes

In April 2016, the Company issued unsecured senior notes with two maturity dates for an aggregate principal amount of US$1,000,000. Listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange, these notes are both fixed rate notes and senior unsecured obligations, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears on and of each year, beginning on October 29, 2016.

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s unsecured senior notes as of December 31, 2016:

	Amounts	Effective interest rate
	RMB
US$500,000 3.125% notes due 2021	3,435,184	3.37	%
US$500,000 3.875% notes due 2026	3,395,828	4.15	%

Carrying value	6,831,012
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	105,988

Total principal amounts of unsecured senior notes	6,937,000

The unsecured senior notes were issued at a discount amounting to RMB79,289. The debt issuance costs of RMB35,727 were presented as a direct deduction from the principal amount of the unsecured senior notes on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The effective interest rates for the unsecured senior notes include the interest charged on the notes as well as amortization of the debt discounts and debt issuance costs.

The unsecured senior notes contain covenants including, among others, limitation on liens, consolidation, merger and sale all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. The Company is in compliance with all covenants. The notes will rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future obligations expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes and rank at least equal in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations (subject to any priority rights pursuant to applicable law).

The proceeds from issuance of the unsecured senior notes were used for general corporate purposes.

As of December 31, 2016, the principal of the unsecured senior notes of RMB3,468,500 and RMB3,468,500 will be due in 2021 and 2026, respectively.

Others, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Others, net

Others, net

17. Others, net

Others, net, consist of the following:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Foreign exchange losses, net	(28,980	)	(57,395	)	(146,354	)
Government financial incentives	214,623		392,022		740,567
Impairment of investments	—		(611,108	)	(637,583	)
Gain from business and investment disposals	—		1,507		1,232,853
Others	30,944		134,377		284,572

Total	216,587		(140,597	)	1,474,055

Government financial incentives represent rewards provided by the relevant PRC municipal government authorities to the Group for business achievements made by the Group. As there is no further obligation for the Group to perform, government financial incentives are recognized as other income when received. The amounts of such government financial incentives are determined solely at the discretion of the relevant government authorities and there is no assurance that the Group will continue to receive these government financial incentives in the future.

Taxation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Taxation

Taxation

18. Taxation

a) Transition from PRC Business Tax to PRC Value Added Tax

A pilot program for transition from business tax to value added tax (“VAT”) for certain services revenues was launched in Shanghai on January 1, 2012. Starting from September 1, 2012, the pilot program has been expanded from Shanghai to other cities and provinces in China, including Beijing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Suqian, in which the Group has operations. Commencing August 1, 2013, the pilot program was expanded to cover all regions in the PRC. From May 1, 2016, VAT replaced business tax in all industries, on a nationwide basis.

b) Value added tax

During the periods presented, the Group is subject to statutory VAT rate of 13% and 17% for revenues from sales of audio, video products and books and sales of other products, respectively, in the PRC. The Group is exempted from VAT for revenues from sales of books since January 1, 2014.

Prior to the pilot program, the Group was subject to 5% or 3% business tax for revenues from online advertising and other services or for revenues from logistic services, respectively. After the launch of the pilot program, the Group is subject to 6% and 11% VAT for the revenues from logistics services and 6% VAT for the revenues from online advertising and other services.

The Group is also subject to 3% cultural undertaking development fees on revenues from online advertising services in China.

The Group is also subject to surcharges on VAT payments according to PRC tax law.

c) Business tax

Before May 1, 2016, the Group was subject to 5% business tax and related surcharges for revenues from online payment services. Business tax and the related surcharges are recognized when the revenue is earned. Starting from May 1, 2016, the Group is subject to 6% VAT for revenues from online payment services.

d) Income tax

Cayman Islands

Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in the Cayman Islands are not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.

British Virgin Islands

Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, entities incorporated in British Virgin Islands are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains.

Hong Kong

Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, the Group’s subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong. Additionally, payments of dividends by the subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong to the Company are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.

China

On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of PRC enacted a new Corporate Income Tax Law (“new CIT law”), under which Foreign Investment Enterprises (“FIEs”) and domestic companies would be subject to corporate income tax at a uniform rate of 25%. The new CIT law became effective on January 1, 2008. Under the new CIT law, preferential tax treatments will continue to be granted to entities which conduct businesses in certain encouraged sectors and to entities otherwise classified as “high and new technology enterprises”.

Chinabank Payment Technology has been qualified as “high and new technology enterprise” in 2010, whose qualification was renewed in 2013 and 2016, and enjoyed a preferential corporate income tax rate of 15% from 2010 to 2018.

Beijing Shangke has been entitled to an exemption from income tax for first two years and 50% reduction for the next three years from its first profitable year as a “software enterprise”. It has also been qualified as “high and new technology enterprise” and enjoys a preferential income tax rate of 15% from 2013 to 2018. The privileges cannot be applied simultaneously.

Chongqing Haijia and Chengdu Century have been recognized as encouraged industries in the Western Regions of China and enjoyed a preferential income tax rate of 15% from 2014 to 2016.

The Group’s other PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are subject to the statutory income tax rate of 25%.

Withholding tax on undistributed dividends

The new CIT Law also provides that an enterprise established under the laws of a foreign country or region but whose “de facto management body” is located in the PRC be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes and consequently be subject to the PRC income tax at the rate of 25% for its global income. The Implementing Rules of the EIT Law merely define the location of the “de facto management body” as “the place where the exercising, in substance, of the overall management and control of the production and business operation, personnel, accounting, property, etc., of a non-PRC company is located.” Based on a review of surrounding facts and circumstances, the Group does not believe that it is likely that its operations outside of the PRC should be considered a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes.

The new CIT law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by an FIE to its immediate holding company outside of China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% (if the foreign investor owns directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE). The Company did not record any dividend withholding tax, as it has no retained earnings for any of the periods presented.

The components of loss before tax are as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Income/(loss) before tax
Income/(loss) from China operations	(529,173	)	(4,705,034	)	448,494
Loss from non-China operations	(4,447,861	)	(4,426,734	)	(3,682,718	)


Total loss before tax	(4,977,034	)	(9,131,768	)	(3,234,224	)



Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations
Current income tax expenses	(23,493	)	(28,322	)	(214,282	)
Deferred tax benefits	4,169		42,584		34,782


Subtotal income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations	(19,324	)	14,262		(179,500	)


Total income tax benefits/(expenses)	(19,324	)	14,262		(179,500	)

Reconciliation of difference between PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group’s effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016

Statutory income tax rate	25.0	%	25.0	%	25.0	%
Tax effect of preferential tax treatments	1.7	%	1.9	%	24.7	%
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities	(22.4	)%	(10.9	)%	(21.2	)%
Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction	0.1	%	(0.2	)%	(2.2	)%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses	(3.4	)%	(10.9	)%	(18.9	)%
Tax effect of non-taxable income	1.1	%	0.2	%	0.0	%
Changes in valuation allowance	(0.5	)%	(4.5	)%	(12.9	)%
Expiration of loss carry forwards	(2.0	)%	(0.4	)%	0.0	%

Effective tax rates	(0.4	)%	0.2	%	(5.5	)%

e) Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Deferred tax assets
- Allowance for doubtful accounts	79,136		228,965
- Deferred revenues, accruals and other liabilities	66,027		212,504
- Net operating loss carry forwards	1,215,975		1,336,035
Less: valuation allowance	(1,361,138	)	(1,777,504	)

Net deferred tax assets	—		—

Deferred tax liabilities
- Intangible assets arisen from business combination	1,228		907,356

Total deferred tax liabilities	1,228		907,356

As of December 31, 2016, the Group had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately RMB 6,160,815 which arose from the subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries established in the PRC. The loss carry forwards will expire during the period from 2017 to 2021.

A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group’s operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods.

The Group has incurred net accumulated operating losses for income tax purposes since its inception. The Group believes that it is more likely than not that these net accumulated operating losses and other deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. Therefore, the Group has provided full valuation allowances for the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016.

Movement of valuation allowance

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balance at beginning of the period	905,833		931,458		1,361,138
Additions	156,820		449,381		633,457
Reversals	(131,195	)	(19,701	)	(217,091	)

Balance at end of the period	931,458		1,361,138		1,777,504

Redeemable non-controlling interests

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Redeemable non-controlling interests

Redeemable non-controlling interests

19. Redeemable non-controlling interests

In January 2016, JD Finance, its founding shareholders and certain investors entered into a share subscription and purchase agreement (the “SPA”) and certain co-investment agreements to issue ordinary shares with preferential rights to certain investors mainly including Sequoia Capital China, China Harvest Investments and China Taiping Insurance, etc. (collectively, the “Investors”) for RMB6,650,000. JD Finance, as a privately owned company registered in China, is not allowed to issue legal form preferred shares or a separate class of ordinary shares under China regulations. Therefore, the shares issued by JD Finance to the Investors are, in legal form, ordinary shares. However, due to the preferential rights as specified in the SPA, these shares are considered in substance a separate class of shares other than the ordinary shares held by the founding shareholders. Here and then after, they are referred to as JD Finance Preferred Shares. The issuance was closed in March, 2016. After the issuance of the JD Finance Preferred Shares, the Group still held approximately 86% equity interests in JD Finance on a fully-diluted, post-investment basis.

The Group determined that the preferred shares should be classified as mezzanine equity since they are contingently redeemable within 60 months after the closing of the issuance by the holders in the event that (i) a qualified initial public offering (“Qualified IPO”) has not occurred, or (ii) any significant incompliance with laws, cancellation of significant business license, which causes a substantial obstacle to the Qualified IPO, or (iii) a change in control in JD Finance. These matters are not certain to occur, and they are not solely within the control of JD Finance. Therefore the JD Finance Preferred Shares are classified as mezzanine equity. The Qualified IPO is defined as a firm commitment underwritten registered public offering or Back-door listing in China or oversea stock market, with the market cap of JD Finance being at least RMB93,000,000.

The main rights, preferences and privileges of JD Finance Preferred Shares are as follows:

Dividend rights

If the board of JD Finance declares dividend, the Investors have the same rights as the ordinary shareholders.

Liquidation preferences

In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of JD Finance, either voluntarily or involuntarily, the Investors rank pari passu with the ordinary shareholders.

Redemption rights

The Investors have the right to require Suqian Limao to purchase all the shares from the Investors within 60 months after the closing of the issuance by the holders in the event that (i) a qualified initial public offering (“Qualified IPO”) has not occurred, or (ii) any significant incompliance with laws, cancellation of significant business license, which causes a substantial obstacle to the Qualified IPO, or (iii) a change in control in JD Finance. The redemption need to be done within 180 days from the date on which the Investors raise their written request. The redemption price equals initial investment plus 8% annual compound interests. In the event that Suqian Limao fails to timely repay the redemption price to the Investors upon the Investors’ redemption request pursuant to above conditions, Suqian Limao shall pay the Investors a penalty interest of 0.05% per day, until such redemption price and interest are fully paid.

Except for Suqian Limao and JD Finance, the other entities controlled by the Group have no obligation to provide any financial support for this redemption. In order for Suqian Limao to fulfil its repayment obligation, Suqian Limao may have to sell its interest in JD Finance, or instruct JD Finance to do the following, including but not limited to: providing a loan to Suqian Limao, selling any assets or equity interest of subsidiaries, or raising fund through debt financing. Other shareholders of JD Finance will have the obligation to approve such sale of JD Finance interest or any instructions given to JD Finance. In the event that JD Finance provides a loan to Suqian Limao to fund the above redemption, JD Finance and other shareholders have agreed that JD Finance shall not pursue for a repayment of such loan.

Preemptive rights

The Investors have preemptive rights to purchase and subscribe for any new securities which JD Finance proposes to issue before the Qualified IPO under the same terms and conditions.

In the event that Suqian Limao receives a tender offer from any third party buyer before a Qualified IPO, the Investors shall have the rights to participate on a pro-rata basis in the proposed sale to the third party buyer based on the same terms and conditions.

After issuing JD Finance Preferred Shares and until the occurrence of a Qualified IPO, if JD Finance issues new shares at a price lower than the issuance price in this financing, the Investors have the rights to obtain additional shares of JD Finance from Suqian Limao with no consideration. The number of shares to be obtained by the Investors shall be calculated using a pre-determined formula, so that the Investor’s “per share cost” should be reduced to a weighted average amount of a) their initial purchase price, and b) the issuance price at the subsequent financing.

Voting rights

The Investors have the number of votes as equal to the number of shares they hold.

The Group accreted the JD Finance Preferred Shares to their redemption value, which is purchase price plus 8% compound interest per year over the period since issuance to the redemption date. The Group recorded redeemable non-controlling interests of nil and RMB7,056,921 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively and net income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders of nil, nil and RMB444,657 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

The redeemable non-controlling interests for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 are summarized below:

		Amounts
		RMB
Balances as of December 31, 2015		—

Additions		6,612,264
Net income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders		444,657

Balances as of December 31, 2016		7,056,921

Convertible preferred shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Convertible preferred shares

Convertible preferred shares

20. Convertible preferred shares

All of the preference shares were converted to ordinary shares immediately upon the completion of the Group’s initial public offering on May 28, 2014. Prior to their automatic conversion to ordinary shares upon the Company’s initial public offering on May 28, 2014, the preferred shares were entitled to certain preferences with respect to conversion, redemption, dividends and liquidation. The holders of preferred shares were entitled to vote together with the holders of ordinary shares, and not as a separate class, on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders of the Company, on an as-if-converted basis. Immediately prior to the initial public offering, the Company’s preference shares comprised the following:

Series	Issuance Date	Shares Issued	Issue Price per Share	Proceeds from Issuance	Shares Outstanding		Carrying Amount
			US$	US$			RMB

A	March 27, 2007	155,000,000	0.0323	5,000	155,000,000		215,626
A-1	August 15, 2007	130,940,000	0.0382	5,000	36,894,000		40,224
B	January 12, 2009	235,310,000	0.0892	21,000	59,539,244		88,241
C	September 21, 2010	178,238,250	0.7742	138,000	258,316,305	*	15,130,903

*Among total shares outstanding, 64,579,075 shares and 15,498,980 shares were re-designated from Series A-1 and Series B preferred shares in conjunction with the issuance of the Series C Preferred Shares.

Prior to the issuance of Series C Preferred Shares, the Company determined that the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares should be classified as mezzanine equity since the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares were contingently redeemable. In conjunction with the issuance of the Series C Preferred Shares, as a result of the waivers to their redemption and preferential liquidation rights, the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares were reclassified from mezzanine equity to permanent equity. The Series C Preference Shares were classified as mezzanine equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets because they were contingently redeemable.

The Company records accretion on the Preferred Shares, where applicable, to the redemption value from the issuance dates to the earliest redemption dates. The accretion of Series C Preference Shares was RMB7,957,640 for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Ordinary shares	12 Months Ended
Ordinary shares	Dec. 31, 2016
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares	21. Ordinary shares Upon inception, 1 ordinary share was issued at a par value of US$0.00002 per share. In March 2014, the Company issued 351,678,637 ordinary shares to Huang River Investment Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tencent, in connection with Tencent Transaction (Note 7). Additionally, upon the initial public offering in May 2014, the Company issued 166,120,400 Class A ordinary shares. Concurrently, the Company issued 139,493,960 Class A ordinary shares in a private placement to Huang River Investment Limited. In June 2016, the Company issued 144,952,250 Class A ordinary shares to Newheight Holdings Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Walmart, in connection with Walmart Transaction (Note 7). The ordinary shares reserved for future exercise of the RSUs and share options were 93,722,508 and 130,816,834 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Share repurchase program	12 Months Ended
Share repurchase program	Dec. 31, 2016
Share repurchase program
Share repurchase program	22. Share repurchase program In September 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to US$1,000,000 worth of its ADSs over the following 24 months. The share repurchases may be made in accordance with applicable laws and regulations through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or other legally permissible means as determined by the management. The Company had no activity related to share repurchase program during the year ended December 31, 2015. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company had repurchased 31,065,784 ADSs for US$800,000 on the open market, at a weighted average price of US$25.75 per ADS. The Company accounts for repurchased ordinary shares under the cost method and includes such treasury stock as a component of the shareholders’ equity. Additionally, in order to lower the average cost of acquiring shares in the ongoing share repurchase program, the Company entered into structured repurchase agreements involving the use of capped call options for the purchase of shares. The Company paid a fixed sum of cash upon execution of the agreements. Upon expiration of the agreements, if the closing market price of the Company’s common stock is at or above the pre-determined price (the “Strike Price”), the Company will have its initial investment returned with a premium in either cash or shares at the Company’s election. If the closing market price is below the Strike Price, the Company will receive the number of shares specified in the agreements. As the outcome of these arrangements is based entirely on the Company’s stock price and does not require the Company to deliver either shares or cash, other than the initial investment, the entire transaction is recorded in equity. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the aggregate price that the Company paid to enter into these agreements was US$300,000. For those agreements that settled during the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company received approximately US$216,220 of cash. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had US$100,000 prepaid amount outstanding for the capped call options, which has been settled in cash in the first quarter of 2017 for US$107,239. As of December 31, 2016, the remaining amount authorized under the share repurchase program was US$200,000.

Other comprehensive income/(loss)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Other comprehensive income/(loss)

Other comprehensive income/(loss)

23. Other comprehensive income/(loss)

Changes in the composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are as follows:

	Foreign currency translation adjustments		Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities		Total
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balances as of December 31, 2013	(291,840	)	23,222		(268,618	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(121,612	)	14,105		(107,507	)

Balances as of December 31, 2014	(413,452	)	37,327		(376,125	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	953,573		(22,622	)	930,951

Balances as of December 31, 2015	540,121		14,705		554,826
Other comprehensive income	943,616		44,951		988,567

Balances as of December 31, 2016	1,483,737		59,656		1,543,393

Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss are recorded net of their related income tax effects.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for comprehensive income, which includes, but is not limited to, 1) the amount of income tax expense or benefit allocated to each component of other comprehensive income, including reclassification adjustments, 2) the reclassification adjustments for each classification of other comprehensive income and 3) the ending accumulated balances for each component of comprehensive income.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66004124&loc=d3e689-108580

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1A
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66004124&loc=SL7669619-108580

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 12
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66004124&loc=d3e640-108580

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 17
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66004124&loc=d3e716-108580

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 16
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66004124&loc=d3e709-108580

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 11
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66004124&loc=d3e637-108580

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 14
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66004124&loc=d3e681-108580

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Glossary Reclassification Adjustments
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6522872

+ Details

Share-based compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation

24. Share-based compensation

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, total share-based compensation expenses recognized were RMB4,249,548, RMB1,193,945 and RMB 2,343,785, respectively.

(1)Share incentive plan

The Company granted share-based awards to eligible employees and non-employees pursuant to the 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 stock incentive plans and 2011 special stock incentive plan (collectively, the “Plans”), which govern the terms of the awards. On December 20, 2013, the Company adopted a 2013 Share Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”), which was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company, to replace the Plans. The awards granted and outstanding under the Plans will survive and remain effective and binding under the 2013 Plan, subject to certain amendments to the original award agreements. The adoption of 2013 Plan did not result in any significant incremental share-based compensation expenses. The 2013 Plan was replaced by a share incentive plan entitled “Share Incentive Plan” containing substantially the same terms as the 2013 Plan on November 13, 2014.

As of December 31, 2016, the Group had reserved 147,179,881 ordinary shares available to be granted as share-based awards under the Share Incentive Plan.

1)Employee awards

The RSUs and share options are generally scheduled to be vested over three to six years. One-third, one-fourth, one-fifth or one-sixth of the awards, depending on different vesting schedules of the Plans, shall be vested upon the end of the calendar year in which the awards were granted or the first anniversary dates of the grants, and the remaining of the awards shall be vested on straight line basis at the end of the remaining calendar or the anniversary years. Starting from the year ended December 31, 2016, certain awards had multiple tranches with tiered vesting commencement dates from 2016 to 2025, and each of the tranches is subject to a six-year vesting schedule.

RSUs

a) Service-based RSUs

A summary of activities of the service-based RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is presented below:

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2014	27,150,848		3.77
Granted	14,588,400		8.43
Vested	(6,385,905	)	3.71
Forfeited	(3,649,817	)	5.07

Unvested at December 31, 2014	31,703,526		5.77

Granted	18,295,642		14.37
Vested	(7,130,556	)	4.96
Forfeited	(3,934,276	)	9.73

Unvested at December 31, 2015	38,934,336		9.56

Granted	58,376,008		12.85
Vested	(8,547,278	)	7.93
Forfeited	(6,967,648	)	10.66

Unvested at December 31, 2016	81,795,418		11.98

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the service-based RSUs granted were RMB386,632, RMB690,742 and RMB1,589,623, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, there were RMB4,782,306 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the service-based RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 6.2 years.

The total fair value and intrinsic value of RSUs vested was US$74,949, US$113,154 and US$110,115 during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

b) Performance-based RSUs

A summary of activities of the performance-based RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is presented below:

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2014	—		—
Granted	1,515,151		6.33
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(48,493	)	6.33


Unvested at December 31, 2014	1,466,658		6.33


Granted	—		—
Vested	(188,936	)	6.33
Forfeited	(401,358	)	6.33


Unvested at December 31, 2015	876,364		6.33


Granted	—		—
Vested	(118,540	)	6.33
Forfeited	(447,822	)	6.33


Unvested at December 31, 2016	310,002		6.33

The Company granted 1,515,151, nil and nil performance-based RSUs to its employees for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the performance-based RSUs granted were RMB14,124, RMB4,630, and RMB4,334, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, there were RMB3,811 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the performance-based RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.

The total fair value and intrinsic value of RSUs vested was nil, US$2,347 and US$1,524 during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Share options

The Company granted 2,745,000, 5,652,500 and nil service-based share options to its employees for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

A summary of activities of the service-based share options for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is presented below:

Share options	Number of share options		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
			US$	Year	US$
Outstanding as of January 1, 2014	26,912,328		3.96	9.4	—
Granted	2,745,000		8.20
Exercised	(849,844	)	3.96
Forfeited or cancelled	(2,606,232	)	4.31
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2014	26,201,252		4.37	8.5	189,729

Granted	5,652,500		13.17
Exercised	(2,694,404	)	4.07
Forfeited or cancelled	(1,724,726	)	6.07
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	27,434,622		6.10	8.1	275,040

Granted	—
Exercised	(2,820,648	)	3.97
Forfeited or cancelled	(2,954,958	)	7.21
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	21,659,016		6.23	7.3	142,433

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	19,493,114		6.23	7.3	128,190
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016	8,952,222		5.02	6.9	69,274

There was no option granted during the year ended December 31, 2016. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 was US$4.48 and US$5.59 per share, respectively.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 was US$6,648, US$29,522 and US$23,796, respectively. The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the market value on the date of exercise and the exercise price of the share options. Cash received from the exercises of share options of the Company during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 was nil, US$12,332 and US$12,454, respectively. Cash receivable from the exercises of share options of the Company as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 was US$1,992 and US$747, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the share options granted were RMB115,469, RMB103,962 and RMB125,225, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, there were RMB161,679 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the share options granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.3 years.

The estimated fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Binominal option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	2014	2015
Expected volatility	52%~53%	33%~50%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)	2.42%~3.50%	2.17%~2.65%
Exercise multiples	2.8	2.0~2.8
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Expected term (in years)	10.0	10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)	6.33~12.51	11.57~14.69

The Group estimated the risk free interest rate based on the yield to maturity of U.S. treasury bonds denominated in US$ at the option valuation date. The exercise multiple is estimated as the ratio of fair value of underlying shares over the exercise price as at the time the option is exercised, based on a research study regarding exercise pattern from historical statistical data. Expected term is the contract life of the option. The expected volatility at the date of grant date and each option valuation date was estimated based on the implied volatility of the Company and the historical stock price volatility of listed comparable companies over a period comparable to the expected term of the options. The Group has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its capital stock, and the Group does not anticipate any dividend payments in the foreseeable future.

2)Non-employee awards

RSUs

A summary of activities of the non-employee RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is presented below:

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
			US$
Unvested at January 1, 2014	30,000		3.96
Granted	389,965		7.89
Vested	(5,000	)	3.96

Unvested at December 31, 2014	414,965		7.65

Granted	300,000		12.94
Vested	(237,779	)	7.56

Unvested at December 31, 2015	477,186		11.02

Granted	878,726		10.98
Vested	(145,514	)	10.61
Forfeited	(158,000	)	10.83

Unvested at December 31, 2016	1,052,398		11.07

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the non-employee RSUs granted were RMB15,917, RMB23,305 and RMB23,581, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, there were RMB70,657 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the non-employee RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.0 years.

The total fair value and intrinsic value of RSUs vested was US$61, US$3,645 and US$1,841 during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

3)Founder awards

RSUs

On March 11, 2014, the Company approved a grant of 93,780,970 RSUs to the Founder, Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu. The share awards were immediately vested and the Company recorded a share-based compensation charge of RMB3,685,041 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The grant date fair value of the awards was US$6.3 per share.

Share options

In May 2015, the board of directors approved a 10-year compensation plan for the Founder, Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu. Under this plan, Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu will receive RMB0.001 per year in cash salary and zero cash bonus during the 10-year period. Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu was granted an option to acquire a total of 26,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of the Company with an exercise price of US$16.70 per share (or US$33.40 per ADS) under the Company’s Share Incentive Plan, subject to a 10-year vesting schedule with 10% of the awards vesting on each anniversary of the grant date. The Company will not grant any additional equity incentive to Mr. Liu during the 10-year period.

For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the Founder’s share options granted were RMB240,024 and RMB318,156, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, there were RMB846,458 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the Founder’s share options granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 8.4 years.

The method used to determine fair value of the share options granted to the Founder was the same as the method used for the share options granted to the employees as described above. The assumptions used in the Binominal option-pricing model to estimate fair value of the Founder’s share option on the date of grant is presented below:

		2015
Expected volatility		36%~38%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)		2.74%~2.79%
Exercise multiples		2.0
Expected dividend yield		—
Expected term (in years)		10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)		16.70~16.93

(2)Share-based compensation of subsidiaries

In October 2015, JD Finance adopted a 2015 Share Incentive Plan (“2015 JD Finance Plan”), which permits the granting of stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted share units and restricted shares of JD Finance to employees, directors and consultants. The Company granted restricted shares units of JD Finance equivalent to approximately 7.25% and 2.94% of the subsidiary’s ordinary shares on a fully diluted basis in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of the restricted share units granted was RMB4.25 and RMB7.17 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Share-based compensation expenses recognized for the JD Finance RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 were RMB95,664 and RMB260,581, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2015 JD Finance Plan was RMB681,437. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.5 years.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.

+ References + Details

Net loss per share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Net loss per share

Net loss per share

25. Net loss per share

Basic and diluted net loss per share for each of the years presented are calculated as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Numerator:
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders — basic	(12,953,998	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders — diluted	(12,953,998	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)

Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares — basic	2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034		2,804,767,889
Weighted average number of shares — diluted	2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034		2,804,767,889

Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(5.35	)	(3.33	)	(1.36	)


Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(5.35	)	(3.33	)	(1.36	)

Generally, basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

As a result of the modification of the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares on September 21, 2010, the Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares were classified as separate classes of permanent equity securities with no senior or prior rights to ordinary shares, except for the dividend rights. Accordingly for the year ended December 31 2014, the “two-class” method was required to be used for the calculation of net loss per share. Since the Company did not declare any dividends for the year ended December 31 2014, the net loss per share attributable to each class would be the same under the “two-class” method for the year ended December 31 2014. As such, the three classes of shares have been presented on a combined basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and in the above computation of net loss per share.

Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares, Series A, A-1 and B Preferred Shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the respective year. The potentially dilutive ordinary shares that were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share in the periods presented where their inclusion would be anti-dilutive include non-vested ordinary shares, RSUs and options to purchase ordinary shares of 63,453,677, 81,737,438 and 117,014,016 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 on a weighted average basis, respectively. For the year ended December 31 2014, the assumed conversion of the Series C Preferred Shares was anti-dilutive and excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share. For the year ended December 31, 2016, as JD Finance was in a loss position, the effect of redemption feature of JD Finance Preferred Shares was anti-dilutive and excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share.

Related party transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Related party transactions

Related party transactions

26. Related party transactions

The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Group as of December 31, 2016:

Name of related parties		Relationship with the Group

Tencent and its subsidiaries (“Tencent Group”)		A shareholder of the Group
Shanghai Icson and its subsidiaries (“Shanghai Icson Group”)		An investee of the Group and has been fully acquired since April 2016
Staging Finance Holding Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Staging Finance Group”)		An investee of the Group
China Business Infinite Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Business Infinite Group”)		An investee of the Group
Bitauto and its subsidiaries (“Bitauto Group”)		An investee of the Group
Tuniu and its subsidiaries (“Tuniu Group”)		An investee of the Group
Dada and its subsidiaries (“Dada Group”)		An investee of the Group

(a)The Group entered into the following transactions with the major related parties:

	For the year ended December 31,
Transactions	2014	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB	RMB
Revenues:
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Staging Finance Group	—	1,016,286	667,495
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Business Infinite Group	—	112,541	27,549
Commission service revenue from cooperation on advertising business with Tencent Group	95,287	139,602	184,241
Online marketplace services provided to Tencent Group	272	111	52
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Shanghai Icson Group	164,811	6	—
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Dada Group	—	—	124,092
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Bitauto Group	—	445,526	610,722
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Tuniu Group	—	49,200	132,405
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Dada Group	—	—	41,409

Operating expenses:
Services and purchases from Shanghai Icson Group	103,976	168,875	20,871
Services and purchases from Tencent Group	88,076	195,805	244,644
Services from Dada Group	—	—	136,515

Other income:
Income from non-compete agreement with Dada Group	—	—	53,186

Revenues from related parties, excluding those from the major related parties as stated above, represented approximately nil, 0.01% and 0.01% of total net revenues of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Transactions with related parties included in operating expenses, excluding those with the major related parties as stated above, represented 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03% of total operating expenses of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively.

(b) The Group had the following balances with the major related parties:

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Due from Tencent Group	520,094		962,002
Due from Shanghai Icson Group	105,176		—
Due from Staging Finance Group	183,260		95,021
Due from Dada Group	—		88,971

Total	808,530		1,145,994


Due to Tencent Group	(77,893	)	(85,092	)
Due to Business Infinite Group	(6,209	)	(8,554	)
Due to Tuniu Group	(721	)	(12,311	)
Due to Bitauto Group	(311	)	—

Total	(85,134	)	(105,957	)


Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Bitauto Group	(2,599,742	)	(1,989,020	)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Tuniu Group	(611,015	)	(478,610	)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Dada Group	—		(393,549	)

Total	(3,210,757	)	(2,861,179	)


Other liabilities in relation to non-compete obligation to Dada Group	—		(523,296	)

Total	—		(523,296	)

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Group recorded amount due from related parties other than the major related parties as stated above of RMB54,986 and RMB264,056, which represented approximately 0.50% and 1.34% of the Group’s total accounts receivable, net and prepayments and other current assets, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Group recorded amount due to related parties other than the major related parties and deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties other than the major related parties as stated above of RMB79,064 and RMB147,224, which represented approximately 0.19% and 0.19% of the Group’s total accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, deferred revenues and other non-current liabilities, respectively. The Group believes that the terms of the agreements with the related parties are comparable to the terms in arm’s-length transactions with third-party customers and vendors.

Segment reporting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Segment reporting

Segment reporting

27. Segment reporting

The Group has determined that it operates in two operating segments: (1) JD Mall, (2) New Businesses. JD Mall represents traditional e-commerce business. New businesses include JD Finance, O2O, insurance, technology initiatives as well as overseas business. New businesses also include the business of Paipai.com for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015.

The Group derives the results of the segments directly from its internal management reporting system. The CODM measures the performance of each segment based on metrics of revenue and earnings from operations and uses these results to evaluate the performance of, and to allocate resources to, each of the segments. The Group currently does not allocate assets, share-based compensation expenses and certain operating expenses to its segments, as the CODM does not use such information to allocate resources to or evaluate the performance of the operating segments. As most of the Group’s long-lived assets are located in the PRC and most of the Group’s revenues are derived from the PRC, no geographical information is presented.

The table below provides a summary of the Group’s operating segment results for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016.

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net revenues:
JD Mall	114,789,808		180,951,872		258,131,979
New Businesses	632,724		2,014,242		4,572,335
Inter-segment*	(420,215	)	(1,690,689	)	(2,582,669	)


Total consolidated net revenues	115,002,317		181,275,425		260,121,645



Operating income/(loss):
JD Mall	194,597		479,071		2,289,359
New Businesses**	(691,478	)	(2,339,289	)	(1,784,903	)
Inter-segment*	53,471		275,832		452,034


Total segment operating income/(loss)	(443,410	)	(1,584,386	)	956,490
Unallocated expenses (***)	(5,359,027	)	(4,886,600	)	(3,101,387	)


Total consolidated operating loss	(5,802,437	)	(6,470,986	)	(2,144,897	)
Total other income/(expense)	825,403		(2,660,782	)	(1,089,327	)


Loss before tax	(4,977,034	)	(9,131,768	)	(3,234,224	)

(*) The inter-segment eliminations mainly consist of revenues related to payment processing and financing services provided by JD Finance to JD Mall, and promotion and advertising services provided by JD Mall to New Businesses.

(**) The operating loss of New Businesses included the interest revenue of RMB94, 618, RMB384, 139 and RMB1, 397, 799 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, and interest expense of nil, nil and RMB845, 074 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

(***) Unallocated items include revenue from business cooperation arrangements with equity investees, share-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions, and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, which are not allocated to segments.

As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the balances of consumer financing, supply chain financing and business financing that affected the balances of accounts receivable, advance to suppliers, loan receivables, amount due from related parties, other non-current assets and accounts payable were as follows:

The balances of consumer financing and business financing of RMB14.3 billion, RMB0.6 billion as of December 31, 2016 and RMB6.4 billion, RMB0.3 billion as of December 31, 2015, respectively were included in the accounts receivables, net.

The balances of supply chain financing of RMB1.2 billion as of December 31, 2016, and RMB0.2 billion as of December 31, 2015, respectively were included in advance to suppliers.

The balances of consumer financing and supply chain financing provided in the marketplace business of RMB9.3 billion, RMB3.4 billion as of December 31, 2016 and RMB2.6 billion, RMB1.1 billion as of December 31, 2015, respectively were included in loan receivables.

The balances of business financing of RMB0.1 billion as of December 31, 2016 and RMB0.2 billion as of December 31, 2015, respectively were included in amount due from related parties.

The balances of consumer financing of RMB1.7 billion as of December 31, 2016 and RMB1.0 billion as of December 31, 2015, respectively were included in other non-current assets.

The balances of supply chain financing of RMB7.0 billion as of December 31, 2016 and RMB4.7 billion as of December 31, 2015, respectively were net off in the accounts payable.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 34
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8981-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 33
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8971-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8595-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8380-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 26
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8844-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 35
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8984-108599

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8538-108599

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 29
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8864-108599

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68060357&loc=d3e8906-108599

+ Details

Employee benefit	12 Months Ended
Employee benefit	Dec. 31, 2016
Employee benefit
Employee benefit	28. Employee benefit Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to the employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries of the Group make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government. The Group has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefit expenses, which were expensed as incurred, were approximately RMB903,494, RMB1,815,532 and RMB2,798,830 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Lines of credit	12 Months Ended
Lines of credit	Dec. 31, 2016
Line of credit
Lines of credit	29. Lines of credit As of December 31, 2016, the Group had agreements with 21 PRC commercial banks for unsecured revolving lines of credit, and increased its revolving lines of credit to RMB21,660,000. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants, if any, under those lines of credit as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, under the lines of credit, the Company had RMB2,000,000 outstanding for the liquidity loans, RMB8,841,710 reserved for the issuance of bank acceptance, RMB187,662 reserved for the bank guarantee and RMB826,973 outstanding for the bank factoring.

Commitments and contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

30. Commitments and contingencies

Operating lease commitments

The Group leases office, fulfillment centers and bandwidth under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The rental and bandwidth leasing expenses were RMB1,084,264, RMB1,917,683 and RMB2,833,736 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, and were charged to Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss when incurred.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more consist of the following:

	Office and fulfillment centers rental	Bandwidth leasing	Total
	RMB	RMB	RMB

2017	1,821,161	263,319	2,084,480
2018	1,112,847	116,758	1,229,605
2019	708,482	99,325	807,807
2020	534,364	23,533	557,897
2021	283,150	1,380	284,530
2022 and Thereafter	413,337	5,312	418,649

	4,873,341	509,627	5,382,968

Capital commitments

The Group’s capital commitments primarily relate to commitments on construction of office building and warehouses. Total capital commitments contracted but not yet reflected in the consolidated financial statements amounted to RMB1,920,971 as of December 31, 2016. All of these capital commitments will be fulfilled in the following years according to the construction progress.

Long-Term Debt Obligations

The Group’s long-term debt obligations include unsecured senior notes and nonrecourse securitization debt which consists of asset-backed debt securities issued in connection with securitization of certain financial assets. The amounts exclude the corresponding interest payable. The expected repayment schedule of the unsecured senior notes has been disclosed in Note 15. The expected repayment amount of the nonrecourse securitization debt is approximately RMB9,389,213 and RMB4,077,627 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Legal proceedings

From time to time, the Group is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. Third parties assert patent infringement claims against the Group from time to time in the form of letters, lawsuits and other forms of communication. In addition, from time to time, the Group receives notification from customers claiming that they are entitled to indemnification or other obligations from the Group related to infringement claims made against them by third parties. Litigation, even if the Group is ultimately successful, can be costly and divert management’s attention away from the day-to-day operations of the Group.

The Group records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Group reviews the need for any such liability on a regular basis. The Group has not recorded any material liabilities in this regard as of December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016.

Restricted net assets	12 Months Ended
Restricted net assets	Dec. 31, 2016
Restricted net assets
Restricted net assets	31. Restricted net assets The Group’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Group receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries incorporated in PRC only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Group’s subsidiaries. In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, a foreign invested enterprise established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserve funds, namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profits as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. A foreign invested enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profits to the general reserve fund until such reserve fund has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the board of directors for all foreign invested enterprises. The aforementioned reserved funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. Additionally, in accordance with the Company Law of the PRC, a domestic enterprise is required to provide statutory surplus fund at least 10% of its annual after-tax profits until such statutory surplus fund has reached 50% of its registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. A domestic enterprise is also required to provide discretionary surplus fund, at the discretion of the board of directors, from the net profits reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. The aforementioned reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations that require annual appropriations of 10% of net after-tax profits to be set aside prior to payment of dividends as general reserve fund or statutory surplus fund, the Group’s PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserve funds, as determined pursuant to PRC GAAP, totaling approximately RMB29,080,653 as of December 31, 2016; therefore in accordance with Rules 4.08 (e) (3) of Regulation S-X, the condensed parent company only financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are disclosed in Note 33.

Subsequent events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent events	Dec. 31, 2016
Subsequent events
Subsequent events	32. Subsequent events On March 1, 2017, JD.com entered into definitive agreements relating to the reorganization of JD Finance, which runs JD.com’s internet finance business. Pursuant to the definitive agreements, JD.com will dispose of all its equity stake of 68.6% in JD Finance so that JD.com will hold neither legal ownership nor effective control of JD Finance, and will receive approximately RMB14,300,000 in cash upon transaction closing and 40% of the future pre-tax profit of JD Finance when JD Finance has a positive pre-tax income on a cumulative basis. In addition, JD.com will be able to convert its profit sharing right with respect to JD Finance into 40% of JD Finance’s equity interest, subject to applicable regulatory approvals. Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu, JD.com’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, will acquire an approximately 4.3% equity stake of JD Finance at the same price as third-party investors and pursuant to the same set of definitive agreements. Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu will also obtain a majority of voting rights in JD Finance through his equity stake and voting proxy and/or other arrangement with other investors and ESOP participants. The transactions contemplated under the definitive agreements are subject to certain closing conditions, and are currently expected to close in mid-2017. The Group is still in process of evaluating the accounting impact of the transactions.

Parent company only condensed financial information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Parent company only condensed financial information

Parent company only condensed financial information

33. Parent company only condensed financial information

The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Rule 4-08 (e) (3), “General Notes to Financial Statements” and concluded that it was applicable for the Company to disclose the financial information for the parent company only.

The subsidiaries did not pay any dividend to the Company for the years presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures generally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed and omitted. The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company, as such, these statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The Company did not have significant capital and other commitments, or guarantees as of December 31, 2016.

Condensed Balance Sheets

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		US$
					Note 2(h)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	8,942,549		6,116,574		880,970
Prepayments and other current assets	11,349		38,160		5,496

Total current assets	8,953,898		6,154,734		886,466

Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	16,523,355		30,006,536		4,321,840
Investment securities	103,363		38,226		5,506
Intangible assets, net	5,056,644		4,615,708		664,800

Total non-current assets	21,683,362		34,660,470		4,992,146

Total assets	30,637,260		40,815,204		5,878,612


LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	54,227		91,292		13,150

Total current liabilities	54,227		91,292		13,150

Non-current liabilities:
Unsecured senior notes	—		6,831,012		983,870

Total non-current liabilities	—		6,831,012		983,870

Total liabilities	54,227		6,922,304		997,020


SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015; 2,467,134,904 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,384,954,010 outstanding, 471,573,995 Class B ordinary shares issued and 451,490,387 outstanding as of December 31, 2016)	358		377		54
Additional paid-in capital	48,393,126		59,258,417		8,534,987
Statutory reserves	55,560		132,938		19,147
Treasury stock	(3	)	(5,181,880	)	(746,346	)
Accumulated deficit	(18,420,834	)	(21,860,345	)	(3,148,545	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	554,826		1,543,393		222,295

Total shareholders’ equity	30,583,033		33,892,900		4,881,592

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	30,637,260		40,815,204		5,878,612

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$
							Note 2(h)
Operating expenses
Marketing	(915,455	)	(1,221,580	)	(1,218,760	)	(175,538	)
General and administrative	(3,834,699	)	(445,095	)	(577,350	)	(83,156	)

Loss from operations	(4,750,154	)	(1,666,675	)	(1,796,110	)	(258,694	)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	(449,816	)	(7,520,216	)	(1,948,761	)	(280,678	)
Interest income	183,294		143,757		55,373		7,975
Interest expense	—		—		(164,910	)	(23,752	)
Others, net	20,318		(64,806	)	47,618		6,858

Net loss	(4,996,358	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)	(548,291	)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion	(7,957,640	)	—		—		—

Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(12,953,998	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)	(548,291	)


Net loss	(4,996,358	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)	(548,291	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(121,612	)	953,573		943,616		135,909
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	71,286		(238,852	)	(78,792	)	(11,349	)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	(57,181	)	216,230		123,743		17,823

Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	14,105		(22,622	)	44,951		6,474

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(107,507	)	930,951		988,567		142,383

Total comprehensive loss	(5,103,865	)	(8,176,989	)	(2,818,223	)	(405,908	)

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$
							Note 2(h)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	101,150		169,018		(33,756	)	(4,861	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments	(6,119,000	)	—		—		—
Maturity of short-term investments	—		6,367,600		—		—
Purchases of investment securities	—		(92,090	)	—		—
Cash received from disposal of investment securities	—		—		16,440		2,368
Prepayments and investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	(4,264,147	)	(5,695,660	)	(3,733,972	)	(537,804	)
Cash received from business combination, net of cash acquired	1,313,753		—		—		—

Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(9,069,394	)	579,850		(3,717,532	)	(535,436	)


Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net	17,447,653		—		—		—
Repurchase of ordinary shares	—		—		(5,338,274	)	(768,871	)
Purchase of capped call options	—		—		(2,007,100	)	(289,083	)
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options	—		—		1,463,218		210,747
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to stock plans	—		75,713		82,396		11,867
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes, net of discount and debt issuance costs	—		—		6,355,969		915,450

Net cash provided by financing activities	17,447,653		75,713		556,209		80,110


Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(363,082	)	(10,834	)	369,104		53,162

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	8,116,327		813,747		(2,825,975	)	(407,025	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	12,475		8,128,802		8,942,549		1,287,995

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	8,128,802		8,942,549		6,116,574		880,970

Basis of presentation

The Company’s accounting policies are the same as the Group’s accounting policies with the exception of the accounting for the investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries.

For the Company only condensed financial information, the Company records its investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Such investments are presented in the Condensed Balance Sheets as “Investment in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries” and shares in the subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries’ loss are presented as “Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries” in the Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The parent company only condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Group’ consolidated financial statements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for condensed financial information, including the financial position, cash flows, and the results of operations of the registrant (parent company) as of the same dates or for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements are being presented. Alternatively, the details of this disclosure can be reported by the specific parent company taxonomy elements, indicating the appropriate date and period contexts in an instance document.

+ References + Details

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

a.Basis of presentation

Principles of consolidation

b.Principles of consolidation

All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Reclassifications

c.Reclassifications

Revision of previously issued financial statements

d.Revision of previously issued financial statements

The following table presents the summary information of the revision:

	Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year ended December 31, 2015
	As reported		As revised		Revision
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net revenues	181,286,955		181,275,425		(11,530	)
Share of results of equity investees	(3,134,283	)	(2,852,677	)	281,606
Net loss	(9,387,582	)	(9,117,506	)	270,076
Net loss per share - basic	(3.43	)	(3.33	)	0.10
Net loss per share - diluted	(3.43	)	(3.33	)	0.10

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015
	As reported		As revised		Revision
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Investment in equity investees	8,864,249		8,713,219		(151,030	)
Deferred revenues - current	1,028,350		983,721		(44,629	)
Deferred revenues - non-current	2,705,164		2,556,345		(148,819	)
Accumulated deficit	(18,690,910	)	(18,420,834	)	270,076
Accumulated other comprehensive income	782,484		554,826		(227,658	)

Non-controlling interests

e.Non-controlling interests

Use of estimates

f.Use of estimates

Foreign currency translation

g.Foreign currency translation

Convenience translation

h.Convenience translation

Cash and cash equivalents

i.Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

j.Restricted cash

Short-term investments

k.Short-term investments

In addition, short-term investments are also comprised of time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year.

Accounts receivable, net

l.Accounts receivable, net

Inventories, net

m.Inventories, net

Loan receivables, net

n.Loan receivables, net

Property, equipment and software, net

o.Property, equipment and software, net

Category		Estimated useful lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Office equipment		5 years
Vehicles		5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment		5 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software		3-5 years
Building		40 years
Building improvement		5-10 years

Construction in progress

p. Construction in progress

Land use rights, net

q.Land use rights, net

Intangible assets, net

r.Intangible assets, net

Domain names, trademarks, and copyrights

Category		Estimated useful lives
Domain names		10 years
Trademarks		7-20 years
Copyrights		2-5 years

Intangible assets arising from business combination

Goodwill

s.Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination.

Investment in equity investees

t.Investment in equity investees

Under the cost method, the Group carries the investment at cost and recognizes income to the extent of dividends received from the distribution of the equity investee’s post-acquisition profits.

Investment securities

u.Investment securities

Other investments

v.Other investments

Impairment of long-lived assets

w.Impairment of long-lived assets

Nonrecourse securitization debt

x.Nonrecourse securitization debt

Unsecured senior notes

y.Unsecured senior notes

Fair value

z.Fair value

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

Revenue

aa.Revenue

Revenue is recorded net of value-added taxes, business taxes and related surcharges.

Online Direct Sales

Services and Others

Customer incentives and loyalty programs

bb.Customer incentives and loyalty programs

The Group provides two types of discounted coupons, referred to as D Coupons and J Coupons, for free to its customers to incentivize purchase.

Cost of revenues

cc.Cost of revenues

Rebates and subsidies

dd.Rebates and subsidies

Fulfillment

ee.Fulfillment

Marketing

ff.Marketing

Technology and content

gg.Technology and content

General and administrative

hh.General and administrative

Share-based compensation

ii.Share-based compensation

Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in the subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Income tax

jj.Income tax

Leases

kk.Leases

Comprehensive income/(loss)

ll.Comprehensive income/(loss)

Earnings/ (Loss) per share

mm.Earnings/(Loss) per share

Segment reporting

nn.Segment reporting

Statutory reserves

oo.Statutory reserves

The Company’s subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries established in the PRC are required to make appropriations to certain non-distributable reserve funds.

Recent accounting pronouncements

pp.Recent accounting pronouncements

Principal activities and organization (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Principal activities and organization

Schedule of percentage of legal ownership in major subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries

	Equity interest held		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition
Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Century Trade Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Century”)	100	%	Beijing, China, April 2007
Guangzhou Jingdong Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Guangzhou, China, July 2007
Shanghai Yuanmai Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, August 2007
Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Jiangsu, China, June 2009
Chengdu Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd. (“Chengdu Century”)	100	%	Chengdu, China, December 2009
Beijing Jingdong Century Information Technology Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2010
Wuhan Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Wuhan, China, February 2011
Shanghai Shengdayuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Shengdayuan”)	100	%	Shanghai, China, April 2011
Jingdong E-Commerce (Express) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, August 2011
Jingdong Technology Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, November 2011
Shenyang Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shenyang, China, January 2012
Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation	100	%	Cayman Islands, January 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Logistics) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
JD.com International Limited(“JD International”)	100	%	Hong Kong, China, February 2012
Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Shangke”)	100	%	Beijing, China, March 2012
Tianjin Star East Co., Ltd.	100	%	Tianjin, China, April 2012
Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, August 2012
Shanghai Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Shanghai, China, December 2013
Chongqing Jingdong Haijia E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Chongqing Haijia”)	100	%	Chongqing, China, June 2014
Beijing Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.	100	%	Beijing, China, September 2014

		Place and Date of incorporation or date of acquisition
VIEs
Beijing Jingdong 360 Degree E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong 360”)		Beijing, China, April 2007
Fortune Rising Holdings Ltd. (“Fortune Rising”)		British Virgin Islands, May 2008
Jiangsu Yuanzhou E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Yuanzhou”)		Jiangsu, China, September 2010
Suqian Limao Donghong Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Suqian Limao”)		Jiangsu, China, December 2015

VIEs’ Subsidiaries
Beijing Jingdong Financial Technology Holding Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Beijing Jingdong Shangboguangyi Investment Management Co., Ltd. )		Beijing, China, September 2012
Chinabank Payment Business Services Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment”)		Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Chinabank Payment Technology Co., Ltd. (“Chinabank Payment Technology”)		Beijing, China, Acquired in October 2012
Shanghai Banghui Commercial Factoring Co., Ltd.		Shanghai, China, June 2013

Schedule of consolidated financial information

	As of December 31,
	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB
Total assets	12,369,251	46,480,948
Total liabilities	12,705,021	40,938,812

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Total net revenues	3,431,134		4,637,086		8,443,868
Net loss	(41,228	)	(293,862	)	(1,033,348	)

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,450,744		1,394,182		693,572
Net cash used in investing activities	(494,633	)	(169,549	)	(32,808,451	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	438,891		610,194		32,462,465

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,395,002		1,834,827		347,586
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	333,378		1,728,380		3,563,207

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	1,728,380		3,563,207		3,910,793

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Summary of significant accounting policies

Schedule of the summary information of the revision

	Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year ended December 31, 2015
	As reported		As revised		Revision
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net revenues	181,286,955		181,275,425		(11,530	)
Share of results of equity investees	(3,134,283	)	(2,852,677	)	281,606
Net loss	(9,387,582	)	(9,117,506	)	270,076
Net loss per share - basic	(3.43	)	(3.33	)	0.10
Net loss per share - diluted	(3.43	)	(3.33	)	0.10

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015
	As reported		As revised		Revision
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Investment in equity investees	8,864,249		8,713,219		(151,030	)
Deferred revenues - current	1,028,350		983,721		(44,629	)
Deferred revenues - non-current	2,705,164		2,556,345		(148,819	)
Accumulated deficit	(18,690,910	)	(18,420,834	)	270,076
Accumulated other comprehensive income	782,484		554,826		(227,658	)

Schedule of estimated useful lives of property, equipment and software

Category		Estimated useful lives
Electronic equipment		3 years
Office equipment		5 years
Vehicles		5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment		5 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software		3-5 years
Building		40 years
Building improvement		5-10 years

Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangible assets

Category		Estimated useful lives
Domain names		10 years
Trademarks		7-20 years
Copyrights		2-5 years

Fair value measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair value measurement

Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	As of December 31, 2015	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	462,158	—	462,158	—
Restricted cash	2,114,913	—	2,114,913	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	28,501	—	28,501	—
Wealth management products	2,751,981	—	2,751,981	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	1,005,831	1,005,831	—	—

Total assets	6,363,384	1,005,831	5,357,553	—

		Fair value measurement at reporting date using
Description	As of December 31, 2016	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Assets
Cash equivalents
Time deposits	4,472,900	—	4,472,900	—
Restricted cash	4,391,955	—	4,391,955	—
Short-term investments
Time deposits	3,512,000	—	3,512,000	—
Wealth management products	3,661,626	—	3,661,626	—
Investment securities
Listed equity securities	1,059,632	1,059,632	—	—
Trust investments	724,449	—	724,449	—
Other investments	17,764,345	—	17,764,345	—

Total assets	35,586,907	1,059,632	34,527,275	—

Schedule of carrying amount and fair value of available-for-sale securities

	Cost Basis	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses		Provision for decline in value		Fair Value
	RMB	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB

December 31, 2015	1,254,589	77,299	—		(326,057	)	1,005,831

December 31, 2016	1,181,710	116,434	(37,551	)	(200,961	)	1,059,632

Investment in equity investees (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Schedule of condensed financial information of the Company's equity investments

	For the year ended December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Operating data:
Revenue	9,937,684		37,129,877
Gross profit	2,935,620		4,829,800
Loss from operations	(1,592,094	)	(3,138,278	)
Net loss	(1,572,381	)	(3,376,144	)
Net loss attributable to shareholder	(1,597,903	)	(3,736,188	)

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Balance sheet data:
Current assets	13,606,870		47,159,053
Non-current assets	6,838,075		26,252,671
Current liabilities	6,518,096		27,108,229
Non-current liabilities	146,008		4,559,231
Redeemable stock	—		4,795,473
Non-controlling interests	1,714,021		4,072,998

Yonghui Group

Schedule of excess of carrying value of investment proportionate share of investees' net tangible and intangible assets

	As of August 11, 2016		As of December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Yonghui	4,234,929		4,234,845
Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,869,905		1,877,196

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Yonghui’s net tangible and intangible assets	2,365,024		2,357,649


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill	1,270,190		1,270,190
Amortizable intangible assets (*)	1,459,779		1,449,946
Deferred tax liabilities	(364,945	)	(362,487	)

	2,365,024		2,357,649


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Yonghui	—		(84	)

(*) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Yonghui’s consolidated financial statements was 18 years.

Bitauto Group

Schedule of excess of carrying value of investment proportionate share of investees' net tangible and intangible assets

	As of February 16, 2015		As of December 31, 2015		As of December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Bitauto (*)	5,496,188		2,881,194		2,386,118
Proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	2,119,109		2,141,053		2,492,056

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets	3,377,079		740,141		(105,938	)


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill (*)	2,846,260		260,619		—
Amortizable intangible assets (**)	707,758		639,362		(105,938	)
Deferred tax liabilities	(176,939	)	(159,840	)	—

	3,377,079		740,141		(105,938	)


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Bitauto	—		(2,614,994	)	(3,439,045	)

(**) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Bitauto’s consolidated financial statements was 5 years.

Dada Group

Schedule of excess of carrying value of investment proportionate share of investees' net tangible and intangible assets

	As of		As of
	April 26, 2016		December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Dada’s ordinary shares	2,164,050		1,443,239
Proportionate share of Dada’s net tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets	424,140		(290,365	)

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Dada’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,739,910		1,733,604


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill	1,605,891		1,605,891
Amortizable intangible assets (*)	178,692		170,284
Deferred tax liabilities	(44,673	)	(42,571	)

	1,739,910		1,733,604


Cumulative losses in equity interest in Dada	—		(720,811	)

(*) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Dada’s consolidated financial statements was 9 years.

Schedule of the estimated fair value of the assets/investments received

		As of
		April 26, 2016
		RMB

Assets/investments received by the Group
Dada’s ordinary shares		2,164,050
Dada’s preferred shares		1,298,700
Warrant to purchase Dada’s preferred shares		45,450

		3,508,200

Tuniu Group

Schedule of excess of carrying value of investment proportionate share of investees' net tangible and intangible assets

	As of		As of		As of
	May 22, 2015		December 31, 2015		December 31, 2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Carrying value of investment in Tuniu (*)	2,494,145		2,343,301		1,198,405
Proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,014,296		878,668		1,006,763

Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets	1,479,849		1,464,633		191,642


The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to:
Goodwill (*)	1,212,149		1,212,149		23,899
Amortizable intangible assets (**)	356,933		336,645		223,657
Deferred tax liabilities	(89,233	)	(84,161	)	(55,914	)

	1,479,849		1,464,633		191,642


Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest in Tuniu	—		(150,844	)	(1,295,740)

(**) Weighted average life of the intangible assets not included in Tuniu’s financial statements was 8 years.

Business Combination (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Transaction with Tencent

Business combination

Schedule of allocation of the purchase price

		Amount
		RMB
Fair value of the Company’s shares issued *		11,644,310
Transaction costs**		20,705

Total value to be allocated in purchase accounting		11,665,015

	Amount		Amortization Years
	RMB
Strategic Cooperation Agreement	6,075,289		5
Non-compete Agreement	1,442,389		8
Combined Platform Business
Cash	60,284
Other current assets	3,587
Property, plant and equipment, net	17,647
Current liabilities	(63,871	)
Technology***	108,800		5
Domain names and trademark***	33,100		10
Advertising customer relationship***	80,400		7
Goodwill***	2,593,420
Deferred tax liability	(41,893	)
Investment in Shanghai Icson	252,779
Call Option	—
Logistic workforce	13,900		3
Land use right	73,632		40
Net cash acquired	1,015,552

Total Purchase price	11,665,015

Transaction with Walmart

Business combination

Schedule of allocation of the purchase price

		Amount
		RMB
Fair value of the Company’s shares issued		9,592,258

	Amount		Amortization Years
	RMB
Non-compete Agreement	1,019,816		8
YHD marketplace
Property, plant and equipment, net	65,887
Customer relationship	29,896		10
Technology	537,785		7
Domain names and trademark	3,099,958		20
Goodwill	5,755,826
Deferred tax liability	(916,910	)

Total Purchase price	9,592,258

Accounts receivable, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounts receivable, net

Schedule of accounts receivable, net

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables	7,579,868		16,336,141
Online payment processing transactions receivables	385,547		770,134
Advertising receivables	121,170		179,498
Others	379,059		594,947

Accounts receivable	8,465,644		17,880,720

Allowance for doubtful accounts	(271,979	)	(416,312	)

Accounts receivable, net	8,193,665		17,464,408

Schedule of movements in the allowances for doubtful accounts

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balance at beginning of the year	(1,770	)	(63,715	)	(271,979	)
Additions	(64,424	)	(273,772	)	(408,316	)
Reverse	868		—		—
Write-offs	1,611		65,508		263,983

Balance at end of the year	(63,715	)	(271,979	)	(416,312	)

Inventories, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Inventories, net

Schedule of Inventories, net

	As of December 31,
	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB
Products	20,436,275	28,778,528
Packing materials and others	103,268	130,910

Inventories, net	20,539,543	28,909,438

Property, equipment and software, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Property, equipment and software, net

Schedule of property, equipment and software, net

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Electronic equipment	3,089,415		4,422,833
Office equipment	202,422		266,411
Vehicles	843,922		1,091,556
Logistic and warehouse equipment	1,105,245		1,578,653
Leasehold improvement	306,352		496,887
Software	149,590		196,713
Building and building improvement	2,526,948		3,069,651

Total	8,223,894		11,122,704
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,990,788	)	(3,725,675	)

Net book value	6,233,106		7,397,029

Land use rights, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Land use rights, net

Schedule of land use rights, net

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Land use rights	1,999,424		2,567,271
Less: Accumulated amortization	(71,232	)	(119,760	)

Net book value	1,928,192		2,447,511

Schedule of amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods

	For the year ended December 31,
	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	52,329	52,329	52,329	52,329	52,329	2,185,866

Intangible assets, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Intangible assets, net

Schedule of intangible assets, net

	As of December 31, 2015
	Weighted- Average Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount		Net Carrying Amount
	Year	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB
Strategic Cooperation	5.0	6,075,289	(2,130,512	)	—		3,944,777
Non-compete	8.0	1,447,189	(327,622	)	—		1,119,567
Technology	4.9	110,900	(40,715	)	(69,922	)	263
Advertising customer relationship	7.0	80,400	(20,737	)	(59,663	)	—
Domain names and trademark	10.0	85,632	(22,893	)	(27,124	)	35,615
Logistic workforce	3.0	13,900	(8,378	)	—		5,522
Online payment and other licenses	14.3	200,924	(45,981	)	—		154,943
Copyrights	2.4	19,656	(16,360	)	—		3,296

Total	5.8	8,033,890	(2,613,198	)	(156,709	)	5,263,983

	As of December 31, 2016
	Weighted- Average Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount	Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Amount		Net Carrying Amount
	Year	RMB	RMB		RMB		RMB
Strategic Cooperation	5.0	6,075,289	(3,348,899	)	—		2,726,390
Non-compete	8.0	2,467,005	(576,654	)	—		1,890,351
Technology	6.7	682,685	(85,168	)	(69,922	)	527,595
Advertising customer relationship	7.7	131,296	(24,565	)	(59,663	)	47,068
Domain names and trademark	19.5	3,236,980	(117,181	)	(27,124	)	3,092,675
Logistic workforce	3.0	13,900	(13,024	)	—		876
Online payment and other licenses	12.7	236,898	(67,597	)	—		169,301
Copyrights	2.4	20,363	(20,322	)	—		41

Total	9.5	12,864,416	(4,253,410	)	(156,709	)	8,454,297

Schedule of amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods

As of December 31, 2016, amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods are estimated to be as follows:

	For the year ended December 31,
	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022 and thereafter
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Amortization expenses	1,802,806	1,801,128	880,089	578,726	573,544	2,818,004

Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Goodwill

Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill

	JD Mall	New Businesses		Total
	RMB	RMB		RMB
Balance as of December 31, 2013
Goodwill	—	14,649		14,649
Accumulated impairment loss	—	—		—

	—	14,649		14,649


Transaction in 2014
Additions	14,401	2,593,420		2,607,821
Balance as of December 31, 2014
Goodwill	14,401	2,608,069		2,622,470
Accumulated impairment loss	—	—		—

	14,401	2,608,069		2,622,470

Transaction in 2015
Impairment	—	(2,593,420	)	(2,593,420	)
Balance as of December 31, 2015
Goodwill	14,401	2,608,069		2,622,470
Accumulated impairment loss	—	(2,593,420	)	(2,593,420	)

	14,401	14,649		29,050


Transaction in 2016
Additions	6,512,618	—		6,512,618
Balance as of December 31, 2016
Goodwill	6,527,019	2,608,069		9,135,088
Accumulated impairment loss	—	(2,593,420	)	(2,593,420	)

	6,527,019	14,649		6,541,668

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB
Amount due to the third-party investors from the sale of financial products	—	18,106,270
Salary and welfare payables	1,689,809	2,118,459
Deposits	3,627,058	6,845,980
Payable related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards	276,259	74,119
Rental fee payables	135,534	250,795
Professional fee accruals	75,086	96,114
Others	1,374,319	1,939,747

Total	7,178,065	29,431,484

Unsecured senior notes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Unsecured senior notes

Schedule of unsecured senior notes

	Amounts	Effective interest rate
	RMB
US$500,000 3.125% notes due 2021	3,435,184	3.37	%
US$500,000 3.875% notes due 2026	3,395,828	4.15	%

Carrying value	6,831,012
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	105,988

Total principal amounts of unsecured senior notes	6,937,000

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21475-112644

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 470
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6479336&loc=d3e64711-112823

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(e),(f))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 55
-Paragraph 8
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64930739&loc=d3e28878-108400

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 8
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21538-112644

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21506-112644

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1A
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64930785&loc=d3e28541-108399

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64930785&loc=d3e28551-108399

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21521-112644

+ Details

Others, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Others, net

Schedule of others non-operating income (expense), net

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Foreign exchange losses, net	(28,980	)	(57,395	)	(146,354	)
Government financial incentives	214,623		392,022		740,567
Impairment of investments	—		(611,108	)	(637,583	)
Gain from business and investment disposals	—		1,507		1,232,853
Others	30,944		134,377		284,572

Total	216,587		(140,597	)	1,474,055

Taxation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Taxation

Schedule of components of loss before taxes

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Income/(loss) before tax
Income/(loss) from China operations	(529,173	)	(4,705,034	)	448,494
Loss from non-China operations	(4,447,861	)	(4,426,734	)	(3,682,718	)


Total loss before tax	(4,977,034	)	(9,131,768	)	(3,234,224	)



Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations
Current income tax expenses	(23,493	)	(28,322	)	(214,282	)
Deferred tax benefits	4,169		42,584		34,782


Subtotal income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations	(19,324	)	14,262		(179,500	)


Total income tax benefits/(expenses)	(19,324	)	14,262		(179,500	)

Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016

Statutory income tax rate	25.0	%	25.0	%	25.0	%
Tax effect of preferential tax treatments	1.7	%	1.9	%	24.7	%
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities	(22.4	)%	(10.9	)%	(21.2	)%
Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction	0.1	%	(0.2	)%	(2.2	)%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses	(3.4	)%	(10.9	)%	(18.9	)%
Tax effect of non-taxable income	1.1	%	0.2	%	0.0	%
Changes in valuation allowance	(0.5	)%	(4.5	)%	(12.9	)%
Expiration of loss carry forwards	(2.0	)%	(0.4	)%	0.0	%

Effective tax rates	(0.4	)%	0.2	%	(5.5	)%

Schedule of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Deferred tax assets
- Allowance for doubtful accounts	79,136		228,965
- Deferred revenues, accruals and other liabilities	66,027		212,504
- Net operating loss carry forwards	1,215,975		1,336,035
Less: valuation allowance	(1,361,138	)	(1,777,504	)

Net deferred tax assets	—		—

Deferred tax liabilities
- Intangible assets arisen from business combination	1,228		907,356

Total deferred tax liabilities	1,228		907,356

Schedule of movement of valuation allowance

	As of December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balance at beginning of the period	905,833		931,458		1,361,138
Additions	156,820		449,381		633,457
Reversals	(131,195	)	(19,701	)	(217,091	)

Balance at end of the period	931,458		1,361,138		1,777,504

Redeemable non-controlling interests (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Redeemable non-controlling interests

Schedule of the redeemable non-controlling interests

		Amounts
		RMB
Balances as of December 31, 2015		—

Additions		6,612,264
Net income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders		444,657

Balances as of December 31, 2016		7,056,921

Convertible preferred shares (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Convertible preferred shares

Schedule of preferred shares

Series	Issuance Date	Shares Issued	Issue Price per Share	Proceeds from Issuance	Shares Outstanding		Carrying Amount
			US$	US$			RMB

A	March 27, 2007	155,000,000	0.0323	5,000	155,000,000		215,626
A-1	August 15, 2007	130,940,000	0.0382	5,000	36,894,000		40,224
B	January 12, 2009	235,310,000	0.0892	21,000	59,539,244		88,241
C	September 21, 2010	178,238,250	0.7742	138,000	258,316,305	*	15,130,903

Other comprehensive income/(loss) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Other comprehensive income/(loss)

Schedule of changes in the composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

	Foreign currency translation adjustments		Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities		Total
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Balances as of December 31, 2013	(291,840	)	23,222		(268,618	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(121,612	)	14,105		(107,507	)

Balances as of December 31, 2014	(413,452	)	37,327		(376,125	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	953,573		(22,622	)	930,951

Balances as of December 31, 2015	540,121		14,705		554,826
Other comprehensive income	943,616		44,951		988,567

Balances as of December 31, 2016	1,483,737		59,656		1,543,393

Share-based compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Non-employees

Share-based compensation

Schedule of RSUs activity

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
			US$
Unvested at January 1, 2014	30,000		3.96
Granted	389,965		7.89
Vested	(5,000	)	3.96

Unvested at December 31, 2014	414,965		7.65

Granted	300,000		12.94
Vested	(237,779	)	7.56

Unvested at December 31, 2015	477,186		11.02

Granted	878,726		10.98
Vested	(145,514	)	10.61
Forfeited	(158,000	)	10.83

Unvested at December 31, 2016	1,052,398		11.07

Founder

Share-based compensation

Schedule of assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant

		2015
Expected volatility		36%~38%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)		2.74%~2.79%
Exercise multiples		2.0
Expected dividend yield		—
Expected term (in years)		10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)		16.70~16.93

Vesting Based On Service | Employees

Share-based compensation

Schedule of RSUs activity

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2014	27,150,848		3.77
Granted	14,588,400		8.43
Vested	(6,385,905	)	3.71
Forfeited	(3,649,817	)	5.07

Unvested at December 31, 2014	31,703,526		5.77

Granted	18,295,642		14.37
Vested	(7,130,556	)	4.96
Forfeited	(3,934,276	)	9.73

Unvested at December 31, 2015	38,934,336		9.56

Granted	58,376,008		12.85
Vested	(8,547,278	)	7.93
Forfeited	(6,967,648	)	10.66

Unvested at December 31, 2016	81,795,418		11.98

Schedule of service-based share options activity

Share options	Number of share options		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
			US$	Year	US$
Outstanding as of January 1, 2014	26,912,328		3.96	9.4	—
Granted	2,745,000		8.20
Exercised	(849,844	)	3.96
Forfeited or cancelled	(2,606,232	)	4.31
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2014	26,201,252		4.37	8.5	189,729

Granted	5,652,500		13.17
Exercised	(2,694,404	)	4.07
Forfeited or cancelled	(1,724,726	)	6.07
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	27,434,622		6.10	8.1	275,040

Granted	—
Exercised	(2,820,648	)	3.97
Forfeited or cancelled	(2,954,958	)	7.21
Expired	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	21,659,016		6.23	7.3	142,433

Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	19,493,114		6.23	7.3	128,190
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016	8,952,222		5.02	6.9	69,274

Schedule of assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant

	2014	2015
Expected volatility	52%~53%	33%~50%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum)	2.42%~3.50%	2.17%~2.65%
Exercise multiples	2.8	2.0~2.8
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Expected term (in years)	10.0	10.0
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (US$)	6.33~12.51	11.57~14.69

Vesting Based On Performance | Employees

Share-based compensation

Schedule of RSUs activity

	Number of RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2014	—		—
Granted	1,515,151		6.33
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(48,493	)	6.33


Unvested at December 31, 2014	1,466,658		6.33


Granted	—		—
Vested	(188,936	)	6.33
Forfeited	(401,358	)	6.33


Unvested at December 31, 2015	876,364		6.33


Granted	—		—
Vested	(118,540	)	6.33
Forfeited	(447,822	)	6.33


Unvested at December 31, 2016	310,002		6.33

Net loss per share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Net loss per share

Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB

Numerator:
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders — basic	(12,953,998	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders — diluted	(12,953,998	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)

Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares — basic	2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034		2,804,767,889
Weighted average number of shares — diluted	2,419,668,247		2,735,034,034		2,804,767,889

Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(5.35	)	(3.33	)	(1.36	)


Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders	(5.35	)	(3.33	)	(1.36	)

Related party transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Related party transactions

Schedule of the major related parties and their relationships with the Group

Name of related parties		Relationship with the Group

Tencent and its subsidiaries (“Tencent Group”)		A shareholder of the Group
Shanghai Icson and its subsidiaries (“Shanghai Icson Group”)		An investee of the Group and has been fully acquired since April 2016
Staging Finance Holding Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Staging Finance Group”)		An investee of the Group
China Business Infinite Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Business Infinite Group”)		An investee of the Group
Bitauto and its subsidiaries (“Bitauto Group”)		An investee of the Group
Tuniu and its subsidiaries (“Tuniu Group”)		An investee of the Group
Dada and its subsidiaries (“Dada Group”)		An investee of the Group

Schedule of the major related party transactions

	For the year ended December 31,
Transactions	2014	2015	2016
	RMB	RMB	RMB
Revenues:
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Staging Finance Group	—	1,016,286	667,495
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Business Infinite Group	—	112,541	27,549
Commission service revenue from cooperation on advertising business with Tencent Group	95,287	139,602	184,241
Online marketplace services provided to Tencent Group	272	111	52
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Shanghai Icson Group	164,811	6	—
Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods to Dada Group	—	—	124,092
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Bitauto Group	—	445,526	610,722
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Tuniu Group	—	49,200	132,405
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Dada Group	—	—	41,409

Operating expenses:
Services and purchases from Shanghai Icson Group	103,976	168,875	20,871
Services and purchases from Tencent Group	88,076	195,805	244,644
Services from Dada Group	—	—	136,515

Other income:
Income from non-compete agreement with Dada Group	—	—	53,186

Schedule of the major related party balances

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB
Due from Tencent Group	520,094		962,002
Due from Shanghai Icson Group	105,176		—
Due from Staging Finance Group	183,260		95,021
Due from Dada Group	—		88,971

Total	808,530		1,145,994


Due to Tencent Group	(77,893	)	(85,092	)
Due to Business Infinite Group	(6,209	)	(8,554	)
Due to Tuniu Group	(721	)	(12,311	)
Due to Bitauto Group	(311	)	—

Total	(85,134	)	(105,957	)


Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Bitauto Group	(2,599,742	)	(1,989,020	)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Tuniu Group	(611,015	)	(478,610	)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Dada Group	—		(393,549	)

Total	(3,210,757	)	(2,861,179	)


Other liabilities in relation to non-compete obligation to Dada Group	—		(523,296	)

Total	—		(523,296	)

Segment reporting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Segment reporting

Schedule of the Group's operating segment results

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB
Net revenues:
JD Mall	114,789,808		180,951,872		258,131,979
New Businesses	632,724		2,014,242		4,572,335
Inter-segment*	(420,215	)	(1,690,689	)	(2,582,669	)


Total consolidated net revenues	115,002,317		181,275,425		260,121,645



Operating income/(loss):
JD Mall	194,597		479,071		2,289,359
New Businesses**	(691,478	)	(2,339,289	)	(1,784,903	)
Inter-segment*	53,471		275,832		452,034


Total segment operating income/(loss)	(443,410	)	(1,584,386	)	956,490
Unallocated expenses (***)	(5,359,027	)	(4,886,600	)	(3,101,387	)


Total consolidated operating loss	(5,802,437	)	(6,470,986	)	(2,144,897	)
Total other income/(expense)	825,403		(2,660,782	)	(1,089,327	)


Loss before tax	(4,977,034	)	(9,131,768	)	(3,234,224	)

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Commitments and contingencies

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements

	Office and fulfillment centers rental	Bandwidth leasing	Total
	RMB	RMB	RMB

2017	1,821,161	263,319	2,084,480
2018	1,112,847	116,758	1,229,605
2019	708,482	99,325	807,807
2020	534,364	23,533	557,897
2021	283,150	1,380	284,530
2022 and Thereafter	413,337	5,312	418,649

	4,873,341	509,627	5,382,968

Parent company only condensed financial information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Parent company only condensed financial information

Condensed Balance Sheet

	As of December 31,
	2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		US$
					Note 2(h)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	8,942,549		6,116,574		880,970
Prepayments and other current assets	11,349		38,160		5,496

Total current assets	8,953,898		6,154,734		886,466

Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	16,523,355		30,006,536		4,321,840
Investment securities	103,363		38,226		5,506
Intangible assets, net	5,056,644		4,615,708		664,800

Total non-current assets	21,683,362		34,660,470		4,992,146

Total assets	30,637,260		40,815,204		5,878,612


LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	54,227		91,292		13,150

Total current liabilities	54,227		91,292		13,150

Non-current liabilities:
Unsecured senior notes	—		6,831,012		983,870

Total non-current liabilities	—		6,831,012		983,870

Total liabilities	54,227		6,922,304		997,020


SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015; 2,467,134,904 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,384,954,010 outstanding, 471,573,995 Class B ordinary shares issued and 451,490,387 outstanding as of December 31, 2016)	358		377		54
Additional paid-in capital	48,393,126		59,258,417		8,534,987
Statutory reserves	55,560		132,938		19,147
Treasury stock	(3	)	(5,181,880	)	(746,346	)
Accumulated deficit	(18,420,834	)	(21,860,345	)	(3,148,545	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	554,826		1,543,393		222,295

Total shareholders’ equity	30,583,033		33,892,900		4,881,592

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	30,637,260		40,815,204		5,878,612

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$
							Note 2(h)
Operating expenses
Marketing	(915,455	)	(1,221,580	)	(1,218,760	)	(175,538	)
General and administrative	(3,834,699	)	(445,095	)	(577,350	)	(83,156	)

Loss from operations	(4,750,154	)	(1,666,675	)	(1,796,110	)	(258,694	)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	(449,816	)	(7,520,216	)	(1,948,761	)	(280,678	)
Interest income	183,294		143,757		55,373		7,975
Interest expense	—		—		(164,910	)	(23,752	)
Others, net	20,318		(64,806	)	47,618		6,858

Net loss	(4,996,358	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)	(548,291	)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion	(7,957,640	)	—		—		—

Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(12,953,998	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)	(548,291	)


Net loss	(4,996,358	)	(9,107,940	)	(3,806,790	)	(548,291	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(121,612	)	953,573		943,616		135,909
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	71,286		(238,852	)	(78,792	)	(11,349	)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	(57,181	)	216,230		123,743		17,823

Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	14,105		(22,622	)	44,951		6,474

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(107,507	)	930,951		988,567		142,383

Total comprehensive loss	(5,103,865	)	(8,176,989	)	(2,818,223	)	(405,908	)

Condensed Statements of Cash Flow

	For the year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$
							Note 2(h)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	101,150		169,018		(33,756	)	(4,861	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments	(6,119,000	)	—		—		—
Maturity of short-term investments	—		6,367,600		—		—
Purchases of investment securities	—		(92,090	)	—		—
Cash received from disposal of investment securities	—		—		16,440		2,368
Prepayments and investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries	(4,264,147	)	(5,695,660	)	(3,733,972	)	(537,804	)
Cash received from business combination, net of cash acquired	1,313,753		—		—		—

Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(9,069,394	)	579,850		(3,717,532	)	(535,436	)


Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net	17,447,653		—		—		—
Repurchase of ordinary shares	—		—		(5,338,274	)	(768,871	)
Purchase of capped call options	—		—		(2,007,100	)	(289,083	)
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options	—		—		1,463,218		210,747
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to stock plans	—		75,713		82,396		11,867
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes, net of discount and debt issuance costs	—		—		6,355,969		915,450

Net cash provided by financing activities	17,447,653		75,713		556,209		80,110


Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(363,082	)	(10,834	)	369,104		53,162

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	8,116,327		813,747		(2,825,975	)	(407,025	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	12,475		8,128,802		8,942,549		1,287,995

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	8,128,802		8,942,549		6,116,574		880,970

Principal activities and organization (Details)	Dec. 31, 2016
Jingdong Century
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Guangzhou Jingdong Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Yuanmai Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Chengdu Century
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Jingdong Century Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Wuhan Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Shengdayuan
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Express) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong Technology Group Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shenyang Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Logistics) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD International
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Shangke
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Tianjin Star East Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Chongqing Haijia
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Jinghui Microcredit Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%

Principal activities and organization (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Total assets		$ 23,098,589		¥ 85,015,139		¥ 160,373,518
Total liabilities		17,161,706		54,294,273		119,153,735
Total net revenues		37,465,310	¥ 260,121,645	181,275,425	¥ 115,002,317
Net loss		(548,291)	(3,806,790)	(9,107,940)	(4,996,358)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,262,713	8,767,017	1,696,322	1,289,901
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,952,121)	(48,268,577)	(5,790,525)	(13,478,133)
Net cash provided by financing activities		5,861,943	40,699,471	4,700,273	18,392,028
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		274,784	1,907,827	949,217	6,102,312
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	¥ 17,863,868	2,572,932	17,863,868	16,914,651	10,812,339
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		2,847,716	19,771,695	17,863,868	16,914,651
Balance of mezzanine equity of the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries		1,016,408		0		7,056,921
Redemption value accretion of the mezzanine equity		64,044	444,657	0	0
Registered capitals and PRC statutory reserves of the Group's VIEs		54		358		377
Total shareholders' deficit of the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries		$ (3,148,545)		(18,420,834)		(21,860,345)
VIEs and their subsidiaries
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Total assets				12,369,251		46,480,948
Total liabilities				12,705,021		40,938,812
Total net revenues			8,443,868	4,637,086	3,431,134
Net loss			(1,033,348)	(293,862)	(41,228)
Net cash provided by operating activities			693,572	1,394,182	1,450,744
Net cash used in investing activities			(32,808,451)	(169,549)	(494,633)
Net cash provided by financing activities			32,462,465	610,194	438,891
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents			347,586	1,834,827	1,395,002
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	3,563,207		3,563,207	1,728,380	333,378
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year			3,910,793	3,563,207	¥ 1,728,380
Asset in the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries that can be used only to settle their obligations except for registered capitals						0
Registered capitals and PRC statutory reserves of the Group's VIEs						307,432
Total shareholders' deficit of the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries				¥ 335,770		¥ 1,514,785
Jingdong 360 \| Jingdong Century \| Minimum
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
License fee per year			¥ 10
Jingdong 360 \| Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Percentage of service fee		105.00%	105.00%
Jingdong 360 \| Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan \| Maximum
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Service fee per quarter			¥ 20
JD Finance
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Ordinary shares with preferential rights issued	¥ 6,650,000

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details) ¥ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 30, 2016
Reclassifications
Accounts receivable	$ (2,515,398)		¥ (8,193,665)		¥ (17,464,408)
Loan receivables	1,828,880		3,698,488		12,697,915
Cash flows resulted from loan receivables that have been reclassified from operating activities to investing activities			3,507,873	¥ 274,885
Revision of previously issued financial statements
Net revenues	37,465,310	¥ 260,121,645	181,275,425	115,002,317
Share of results of equity investees	(401,173)	(2,785,343)	(2,852,677)
Net loss	$ (491,678)	¥ (3,413,724)	¥ (9,117,506)	¥ (4,996,358)
Net loss per share - basic \| (per share)	$ (0.20)	¥ (1.36)	¥ (3.33)	¥ (5.35)
Net loss per share - diluted \| (per share)	$ (0.20)	¥ (1.36)	¥ (3.33)	¥ (5.35)
Investment in equity investees	$ 2,194,300		¥ 8,713,219		15,235,020
Deferred revenues - current	175,986		983,721		1,221,865
Deferred revenues - non-current	310,649		2,556,345		2,156,835
Accumulated deficit	(3,148,545)		(18,420,834)		(21,860,345)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	222,295		554,826		1,543,393
Foreign currency translation
Total exchange gains/(losses)	(21,079)	¥ (146,354)	(57,395)	¥ (28,980)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments gain (loss)	135,909	¥ 943,616	954,787	¥ (121,612)
Convenience translation
Convenience translation rate (RMB to USD)						6.9430
Loan receivables, net
Loan receivables, net	1,828,880		3,698,488		12,697,915
Allowance for doubtful accounts			87,996		251,813
Construction in progress
Amount of construction in progress	$ 286,925		1,266,992		¥ 1,992,123
Reclassifications
Reclassifications
Accounts receivable			1,314,619
Loan receivables			1,314,619
Loan receivables, net
Loan receivables, net			1,314,619
As reported
Revision of previously issued financial statements
Net revenues			181,286,955
Share of results of equity investees			(3,134,283)
Net loss			¥ (9,387,582)
Net loss per share - basic \| ¥ / shares			¥ (3.43)
Net loss per share - diluted \| ¥ / shares			¥ (3.43)
Investment in equity investees			¥ 8,864,249
Deferred revenues - current			1,028,350
Deferred revenues - non-current			2,705,164
Accumulated deficit			(18,690,910)
Accumulated other comprehensive income			782,484
Revision
Revision of previously issued financial statements
Net revenues			(11,530)
Share of results of equity investees			281,606
Net loss			¥ 270,076
Net loss per share - basic \| ¥ / shares			¥ 0.10
Net loss per share - diluted \| ¥ / shares			¥ 0.10
Investment in equity investees			¥ (151,030)
Deferred revenues - current			(44,629)
Deferred revenues - non-current			(148,819)
Accumulated deficit			270,076
Accumulated other comprehensive income			¥ (227,658)
Minimum
Loan receivables, net
Loan periods extended range	1 day	1 day
Maximum
Loan receivables, net
Loan periods extended range	36 months	36 months
Electronic equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	3 years	3 years
Office equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Vehicles
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Logistic and warehouse equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Leasehold improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term	Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Software \| Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	3 years	3 years
Software \| Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Building
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	40 years	40 years
Building improvement \| Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Building improvement \| Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	10 years	10 years

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details 2) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Other investments
Other short term investments	$ 1,550,759	¥ 10,766,920,000
Other long term investments	$ 1,007,839	6,997,425,000	¥ 0
Lower yield investments sold to the third-party investors recorded as accrued expenses and other current liabilities		18,106,270,000	0
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Collateralized accounts receivables and loans		¥ 17,339,490,000	¥ 4,320,000,000
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Weighted average interest rate	4.39%	4.39%	5.30%
Minimum
Land use rights, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	34 years
Maximum
Land use rights, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	70 years
JD Finance
Other investments
Other short term investments		¥ 10,766,920,000	¥ 0
Domain names
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	10 years
Trademarks \| Minimum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	7 years
Trademarks \| Maximum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	20 years
Copyrights \| Minimum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	2 years
Copyrights \| Maximum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	5 years

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details 3) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) segment lease item	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) segment lease item	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) segment lease	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) segment lease	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Revenue
Online direct sales	$ 34,236,207	¥ 237,701,986,000	¥ 167,720,984,000	¥ 108,549,258,000
Customer incentives and loyalty programs
Types of discounted coupons \| item	2	2
Fulfillment
Shipping cost		¥ 11,389,845,000	7,236,163,000	4,077,586,000
Marketing
Advertising costs		¥ 8,106,188,000	¥ 5,721,216,000	¥ 2,780,642,000
Lease
Number of capital leases \| lease	0	0	0	0
Segment reporting
Number of reportable segments \| segment	2	2	1	1
Statutory reserves
Appropriations of statutory reserves		¥ 77,378,000	¥ 40,551,000	¥ 12,361,000
Appropriations to other reserve funds		¥ 0	0	0
Recent accounting pronouncements
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net, Noncurrent	$ 130,686		1,228,000		¥ 907,356,000
ASU 2015-17 \| Early adoption
Recent accounting pronouncements
Current deferred tax liabilities			1,228,000
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net, Noncurrent			1,228,000
PRC \| General reserve fund \| Foreign invested enterprise
Statutory reserves
Minimum portion of after tax profit to be allocated to general reserve under PRC law (as a percentage)	10.00%	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%	50.00%
PRC \| Statutory surplus reserve \| Domestic enterprise
Statutory reserves
Minimum portion of after tax profit to be allocated to statutory surplus under PRC law (as a percentage)	10.00%	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory surplus reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%	50.00%
Electronics and home appliance products
Revenue
Online direct sales		¥ 179,636,669,000	134,346,243,000	90,890,026,000
General merchandise products
Revenue
Online direct sales		¥ 58,065,317,000	¥ 33,374,741,000	¥ 17,659,232,000

Concentration and risks (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended		36 Months Ended
Concentration and risks (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jun. 30, 2008
Concentration and risks
Foreign currency exchange appreciation (depreciation) rate	(7.20%)	(4.40%)
Minimum
Concentration and risks
Foreign currency exchange appreciation (depreciation) rate			20.00%
Currency convertibility risk
Concentration and risks
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments	¥ 16,827,371	¥ 12,630,577

- Definition

Cash includes currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. It also includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits in that the customer may deposit additional funds at any time and effectively may withdraw funds at any time without prior notice or penalty. Cash equivalents, excluding items classified as marketable securities, include short-term, highly liquid Investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present minimal risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments with original maturities of three months or less qualify under that definition. Original maturity means original maturity to the entity holding the investment. For example, both a three-month US Treasury bill and a three-year Treasury note purchased three months from maturity qualify as cash equivalents. However, a Treasury note purchased three years ago does not become a cash equivalent when its remaining maturity is three months. Short-term investments, exclusive of cash equivalents, generally consist of marketable securities intended to be sold within one year (or the normal operating cycle if longer) and may include trading securities, available-for-sale securities, or held-to-maturity securities (if maturing within one year), as applicable.

+ References + Details

Restricted cash and restricted time deposit (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Restricted cash and restricted time deposit
Restricted cash	$ 632,573	¥ 4,391,955	¥ 2,114,913

Fair value measurement (Details) - CNY (¥)		12 Months Ended
Fair value measurement (Details) - CNY (¥)	May 12, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Short-term investments
Gross unrealized gains		¥ 116,434,000	¥ 77,299,000
Gross unrealized losses		37,551,000
Impairment charges		0	0	¥ 0
Investment securities
Cost Basis		1,181,710,000	1,254,589,000
Gross Unrealized Gains		116,434,000	77,299,000
Gross Unrealized Losses		(37,551,000)
Provision for decline in value		(200,961,000)	(326,057,000)
Fair Value		1,059,632,000	1,005,831,000
Impairment charges of available-for-sale investments		200,961,000	326,057,000
Others, net
Investment securities
Impairment losses related to cost method investments		436,621,000	285,051,000	0
BlueFocus
Investment securities
Percentage of outstanding ordinary shares subscribed	0.80%
Total cash consideration for the investment	¥ 200,000,000
Wealth management products
Short-term investments
Gross unrealized gains		19,287,000	1,981,000
Investment securities
Gross Unrealized Gains		19,287,000	1,981,000
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Others, net
Investment securities
Impairment losses related to cost method investments		436,621,000	285,051,000	¥ 0
Recurring basis
Assets
Restricted cash		4,391,955,000	2,114,913,000
Other investments		17,764,345,000
Total assets		35,586,907,000	6,363,384,000
Recurring basis \| Time deposits
Assets
Short-term investments		3,512,000,000	28,501,000
Recurring basis \| Wealth management products
Assets
Short-term investments		3,661,626,000	2,751,981,000
Recurring basis \| Listed equity securities
Assets
Investment securities		1,059,632,000	1,005,831,000
Recurring basis \| Trust investments
Assets
Investment securities		724,449,000
Recurring basis \| Time deposits
Assets
Cash equivalents		4,472,900,000	462,158,000
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Assets
Total assets		1,059,632,000	1,005,831,000
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) \| Listed equity securities
Assets
Investment securities		1,059,632,000	1,005,831,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets
Restricted cash		4,391,955,000	2,114,913,000
Other investments		17,764,345,000
Total assets		34,527,275,000	5,357,553,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Time deposits
Assets
Short-term investments		3,512,000,000	28,501,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Wealth management products
Assets
Short-term investments		3,661,626,000	2,751,981,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Trust investments
Assets
Investment securities		724,449,000
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Time deposits
Assets
Cash equivalents		¥ 4,472,900,000	¥ 462,158,000

Investment in equity investees (Details 1) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cost method investments
Carrying values of cost method investments	¥ 5,714,513	¥ 3,308,127
Cost method investments	2,580,640	¥ 2,856,500
Top investee one
Cost method investments
Cost method investments	1,298,700
Top investee two
Cost method investments
Cost method investments	¥ 344,325

Investment in equity investees (Details 2) $ in Thousands								1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
Investment in equity investees (Details 2) $ in Thousands	Aug. 11, 2016 CNY (¥) item	Jun. 17, 2016 CNY (¥)	Apr. 26, 2016 CNY (¥)	Jan. 21, 2016 USD ($)	Jan. 21, 2016 CNY (¥)	May 22, 2015 CNY (¥) item	Feb. 16, 2015 CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2016 CNY (¥) item	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method										¥ 9,520,507,000				¥ 9,520,507,000
An aggregate price of new shares issued														9,592,258,000		¥ 29,091,963,000
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment										9,520,507,000				9,520,507,000
Operating data:
Operating data - Revenue														37,129,877,000	¥ 9,937,684,000
Operating data - Gross profit														4,829,800,000	2,935,620,000
Operating data - Loss from operations														(3,138,278,000)	(1,592,094,000)
Operating data - Net loss														(3,376,144,000)	(1,572,381,000)
Operating data - Net loss attributable to shareholder														(3,736,188,000)	(1,597,903,000)
Balance sheet data:
Balance sheet data - Current assets										47,159,053,000		¥ 13,606,870,000		47,159,053,000	13,606,870,000
Balance sheet data - Non-current assets										26,252,671,000		6,838,075,000		26,252,671,000	6,838,075,000
Balance sheet data - Current liabilities										27,108,229,000		6,518,096,000		27,108,229,000	6,518,096,000
Balance sheet data - Non-current liabilities										4,559,231,000		146,008,000		4,559,231,000	146,008,000
Balance sheet data - Redeemable stock										4,795,473,000				4,795,473,000
Balance sheet data - Non-controlling interests										4,072,998,000		1,714,021,000		4,072,998,000	1,714,021,000
Ordinary shares
Equity method investments
An aggregate price of new shares issued														19,000		¥ 80,000
Tuniu Group \| HNA Tourism Group
Equity method investments
An aggregate price of new shares issued \| $				$ 500,000
Yonghui Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method	¥ 4,234,929,000									4,234,845,000				4,234,845,000
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)	10.00%
Total consideration in cash	¥ 4,234,929,000
Number of board seat held \| item	2
Number of board seats \| item	11
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment	¥ 4,234,929,000									4,234,845,000				4,234,845,000
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets	1,869,905,000									1,877,196,000				1,877,196,000
Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets	2,365,024,000									2,357,649,000				2,357,649,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to goodwill	1,270,190,000									1,270,190,000				1,270,190,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to amortizable intangible assets	1,459,779,000									1,449,946,000				1,449,946,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to deferred tax liabilities	¥ (364,945,000)									(362,487,000)				(362,487,000)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest										(84,000)				¥ (84,000)
Weighted average life of the intangible assets	18 years													18 years
Aggregate market values										4,699,097,000				¥ 4,699,097,000
Bitauto Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method							¥ 5,496,188,000			2,386,118,000		2,881,194,000		2,386,118,000	2,881,194,000
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)		26.00%					25.00%
Total consideration in resources-Future services							¥ 3,045,268,000
Total consideration in cash		¥ 328,975,000					2,450,920,000
Total consideration for equity investment							¥ 5,496,188,000
Total consideration in resources, additional support period from key platform							5 years
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment							¥ 5,496,188,000			2,386,118,000		2,881,194,000		2,386,118,000	2,881,194,000
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets							2,119,109,000			2,492,056,000		2,141,053,000		2,492,056,000	2,141,053,000
Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets							3,377,079,000			(105,938,000)		740,141,000		(105,938,000)	740,141,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to goodwill							2,846,260,000					260,619,000			260,619,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to amortizable intangible assets							707,758,000			(105,938,000)		639,362,000		(105,938,000)	639,362,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to deferred tax liabilities							¥ (176,939,000)					(159,840,000)			(159,840,000)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest										(3,439,045,000)		(2,614,994,000)		¥ (3,439,045,000)	(2,614,994,000)
Weighted average life of the intangible assets														5 years
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method										672,886,000		2,585,641,000
Aggregate market values										2,386,118,000		2,881,194,000		¥ 2,386,118,000	2,881,194,000
Dada Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method			¥ 2,164,050,000							1,443,239,000				1,443,239,000
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)								81.00%
Term of warrant (in years)								2 years
Total consideration in cash								¥ 1,298,700,000
Total consideration for equity investment								¥ 3,508,200,000
Assets/investments received by the Company			3,508,200,000
Number of board seat held \| item								2
Number of board seats \| item								5
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment			2,164,050,000							1,443,239,000				1,443,239,000
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets			424,140,000							(290,365,000)				(290,365,000)
Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets			1,739,910,000							1,733,604,000				1,733,604,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to goodwill			1,605,891,000							1,605,891,000				1,605,891,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to amortizable intangible assets			178,692,000							170,284,000				170,284,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to deferred tax liabilities			¥ (44,673,000)							(42,571,000)				(42,571,000)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest										(720,811,000)				¥ (720,811,000)
Weighted average life of the intangible assets			9 years											9 years
Dada Group \| Ordinary shares
Equity method investments
Percentage of the equity interests on a fully diluted basis (in percentage)								41.00%
Assets/investments received by the Company			¥ 2,164,050,000
Dada Group \| Preferred Shares
Equity method investments
Percentage of the equity interests on a fully diluted basis (in percentage)								7.00%
Assets/investments received by the Company			1,298,700,000
Dada Group \| Warrant to purchase preferred shares
Equity method investments
Assets/investments received by the Company			45,450,000
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Warrant recorded at fair value										45,450,000				¥ 45,450,000
Dada Group \| Supply chain support
Equity method investments
Estimated useful lives (in years)								10 years
Dada Group \| Traffic and other additional support
Equity method investments
Estimated useful lives (in years)								7 years
Dada Group \| Non-compete Agreement
Equity method investments
Estimated useful lives (in years)								7 years
Tuniu Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method						¥ 2,494,145,000				1,198,405,000		2,343,301,000		1,198,405,000	2,343,301,000
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)				21.00%	21.00%	28.00%			6.50%							6.50%
Total consideration in resources-Future services						¥ 660,215,000
Total consideration in cash						1,528,275,000			¥ 305,930,000
Total consideration for equity investment						¥ 2,188,490,000
Total consideration in resources, with exclusive right						5 years
Number of board seat held \| item						1
Unrealized gain, previously recorded, reversed													¥ 14,395,000
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Carrying value of equity investment						¥ 2,494,145,000				1,198,405,000		2,343,301,000		1,198,405,000	2,343,301,000
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets, liabilities and intangible assets						1,014,296,000				1,006,763,000		878,668,000		1,006,763,000	878,668,000
Excess of carrying value of the investment over proportionate share of investee's net tangible and intangible assets						1,479,849,000				191,642,000		1,464,633,000		191,642,000	1,464,633,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to goodwill						1,212,149,000				23,899,000		1,212,149,000		23,899,000	1,212,149,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to amortizable intangible assets						356,933,000				223,657,000		336,645,000		223,657,000	336,645,000
The excess of carrying value has been primarily assigned to deferred tax liabilities						¥ (89,233,000)				(55,914,000)		(84,161,000)		(55,914,000)	(84,161,000)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest										(1,295,740,000)		(150,844,000)		¥ (1,295,740,000)	¥ (150,844,000)
Weighted average life of the intangible assets						8 years								8 years	8 years
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method											¥ 721,501,000
Fair value of equity method investments											¥ 1,454,578,000
Deemed partial disposal gain					¥ 108,495,000
Aggregate market values										¥ 1,579,417,000		¥ 2,700,098,000		¥ 1,579,417,000	¥ 2,700,098,000
Others, net
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Impairment charges in connection with the cost method														436,621,000	285,051,000	¥ 0
Others, net \| JD Daojia
Equity method investments
Disposal gain			¥ 1,227,760,000
Share of results of equity investees
Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity [Abstract]
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method														¥ 1,416,801,000	¥ 2,585,641,000	¥ 0

Business Combination (Details) $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Business Combination (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 20, 2016 CNY (¥) shares	Mar. 10, 2014 CNY (¥) item shares	Apr. 30, 2016 CNY (¥)	Nov. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Allocation of purchase price
Goodwill					¥ 29,050,000	$ 942,196		¥ 29,050,000	¥ 2,622,470,000	¥ 6,541,668,000	¥ 14,649,000
Amortization years						9 years 6 months	9 years 6 months	5 years 9 months 18 days
Goodwill impairment charge							¥ 0	¥ 2,593,420,000	0
Intangible assets impaired							¥ 0	¥ 156,709,000	0
Technology
Allocation of purchase price
Amortization years						6 years 8 months 12 days	6 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 10 months 24 days
Domain names and trademark
Allocation of purchase price
Amortization years						19 years 6 months	19 years 6 months	10 years
Advertising customer relationship
Allocation of purchase price
Amortization years						7 years 8 months 12 days	7 years 8 months 12 days	7 years
Logistic workforce
Allocation of purchase price
Amortization years						3 years	3 years	3 years
Non-compete Agreement
Allocation of purchase price
Amortization years						8 years	8 years	8 years
Class A ordinary shares \| Huang River Investment Limited
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Term within which shares cannot be transferred		3 years
Combined Platform Business
Allocation of purchase price
Goodwill impairment charge					2,593,420,000
Intangible assets impaired					156,709,000
Deferred tax liability reversed					¥ 27,796,000			¥ 27,796,000
Paipai.com
Allocation of purchase price
Transitional period				3 months
Shanghai Icson
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Payment to acquire remaining equity interest			¥ 800,000,000
Transaction with Tencent
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Period of agreement		5 years
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued									¥ 11,644,310,000
Transaction with Tencent \| Non-compete Agreement
Allocation of purchase price
Estimated useful lives (in years)		8 years
Transaction with Tencent \| Huang River Investment Limited
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Shares issued on a fully diluted basis (as a percent)		15.00%
Transaction with Tencent \| Ordinary shares \| Huang River Investment Limited
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Ordinary shares issued as consideration for the Transaction \| shares		351,678,637
Acquisition transaction
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued		¥ 11,644,310,000
Transaction costs		20,705,000
Net cash acquired		1,015,552,000
Total Purchase price		11,665,015,000
Acquisition transaction \| Logistic workforce
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired		¥ 13,900,000
Amortization years		3 years
Acquisition transaction \| Land use rights
Allocation of purchase price
Land use right		¥ 73,632,000
Amortization years		40 years
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Business operation acquired (as a percent)		100.00%
Number of online marketplace platforms acquired \| item		2
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued		¥ 2,791,474,000
Cash		60,284,000
Other current assets		3,587,000
Property, plant and equipment, net		17,647,000
Current liabilities		(63,871,000)
Goodwill		2,593,420,000
Deferred tax liability		(41,893,000)
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business \| Technology
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired		¥ 108,800,000
Amortization years		5 years
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business \| Domain names and trademark
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired		¥ 33,100,000
Amortization years		10 years
Acquisition transaction \| Combined Platform Business \| Advertising customer relationship
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired		¥ 80,400,000
Amortization years		7 years
Acquisition transaction \| Strategic Cooperation, Non-compete, Investment in Shanghai Icson, Logistics workforce, Land use right, and Net cash acquired
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued		¥ 8,852,836,000
Acquisition transaction \| Shanghai Icson
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Percentage of equity interest acquired		9.90%
Discount rate (as a percent)		22.00%
Allocation of purchase price
Investment in Shanghai Icson		¥ 252,779,000
Acquisition transaction \| Shanghai Icson \| Call option
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Minimum price to be paid to acquire remaining equity interest in acquiree		¥ 800,000,000
Maximum period to acquire remaining interest in acquiree		3 years
Strategic Cooperation Agreement
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Discount rate (as a percent)		17.50%
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired		¥ 6,075,289,000
Amortization years		5 years
Non-compete Agreement
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Discount rate (as a percent)		17.50%
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired		¥ 1,442,389,000
Amortization years		8 years
Transaction with Walmart
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Term within which shares cannot be transferred	5 years
Allocation of purchase price
Fair value of the Company's shares issued	¥ 9,592,258,000					$ 1,381,573	¥ 9,592,258,000
Total	¥ 9,592,258,000
Transaction with Walmart \| Non-compete Agreement
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Discount rate (as a percent)	17.00%
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 1,019,816,000
Amortization years	8 years
Estimated useful lives (in years)	8 years
Transaction with Walmart \| Class A ordinary shares
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Ordinary shares issued as consideration for the Transaction \| shares	144,952,250
Shares issued on a fully diluted basis (as a percent)	5.00%
Transaction with Walmart \| YHD marketplace
Allocation of purchase price
Property, plant and equipment, net	¥ 65,887,000
Goodwill	5,755,826,000
Deferred tax liability	(916,910,000)
Transaction with Walmart \| YHD marketplace \| Technology
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 537,785,000
Amortization years	7 years
Transaction with Walmart \| YHD marketplace \| Domain names and trademark
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 3,099,958,000
Amortization years	20 years
Transaction with Walmart \| YHD marketplace \| Customer relationship
Allocation of purchase price
Intangible assets acquired	¥ 29,896,000
Amortization years	10 years
Business cooperation agreement
Acquisition Of Certain Business, Equity Investment And Intangible Assets
Period of agreement	5 years

Accounts receivable, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross					¥ 17,880,720	¥ 8,465,644
Allowance for doubtful accounts	¥ (271,979)	¥ (63,715)	¥ (1,770)		(416,312)	(271,979)
Accounts receivable, net				$ 2,515,398	17,464,408	8,193,665
Movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of the year	(271,979)	(63,715)	(1,770)
Additions	(408,316)	(273,772)	(64,424)
Reversals			868
Write-offs	263,983	65,508	1,611
Balance at end of the year	¥ (416,312)	¥ (271,979)	¥ (63,715)
Online direct sales and online marketplace receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross					16,336,141	7,579,868
Online payment processing transactions receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross					770,134	385,547
Advertising receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross					179,498	121,170
Others
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, gross					594,947	379,059
Online direct sales
Movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for doubtful accounts of finance business					¥ 398,815	¥ 253,347

Inventories, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Inventories
Inventories, net	$ 4,163,825	¥ 28,909,438	¥ 20,539,543
Products
Inventories
Inventories, net		28,778,528	20,436,275
Packing materials and others
Inventories
Inventories, net		¥ 130,910	¥ 103,268

Property, equipment and software, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		¥ 8,223,894			¥ 11,122,704
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(1,990,788)			(3,725,675)
Net book value		6,233,106		$ 1,065,394	7,397,029
Depreciation expenses	¥ 1,944,606	1,123,076	¥ 514,974
Electronic equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		3,089,415			4,422,833
Office equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		202,422			266,411
Vehicles
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		843,922			1,091,556
Logistic and warehouse equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		1,105,245			1,578,653
Leasehold improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		306,352			496,887
Software
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		149,590			196,713
Building and building improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Total property, equipment and software		¥ 2,526,948			¥ 3,069,651

Land use rights, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Land use rights, net
Land use rights		¥ 1,999,424			¥ 2,567,271
Less: Accumulated amortization		(71,232)			(119,760)
Net book value		1,928,192		$ 352,515	2,447,511
Amortization expenses	¥ 48,528	¥ 30,360	¥ 19,342
Amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods
2017					52,329
2018					52,329
2019					52,329
2020					52,329
2021					52,329
2022 and thereafter					¥ 2,185,866

Intangible assets, net (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Intangible assets, net (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	9 years 6 months	5 years 9 months 18 days
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 8,033,890,000			¥ 12,864,416,000
Accumulated amortization		(2,613,198,000)			(4,253,410,000)
Impairment Amount	¥ (156,709,000)	(156,709,000)
Net Carrying Amount		5,263,983,000		$ 1,217,672	8,454,297,000
Amortization expenses	1,640,212,000	1,465,625,000	¥ 1,116,217,000
Intangible assets impairment charge recorded	¥ 0	¥ 156,709,000	¥ 0
Amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods
2017					1,802,806,000
2018					1,801,128,000
2019					880,089,000
2020					578,726,000
2021					573,544,000
2022 and thereafter					2,818,004,000
Strategic Cooperation Agreement
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	5 years	5 years
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 6,075,289,000			6,075,289,000
Accumulated amortization		(2,130,512,000)			(3,348,899,000)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 3,944,777,000			2,726,390,000
Non-compete Agreement
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	8 years	8 years
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 1,447,189,000			2,467,005,000
Accumulated amortization		(327,622,000)			(576,654,000)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 1,119,567,000			1,890,351,000
Technology
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	6 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 10 months 24 days
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 110,900,000			682,685,000
Accumulated amortization		(40,715,000)			(85,168,000)
Impairment Amount	¥ (69,922,000)	(69,922,000)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 263,000			527,595,000
Advertising customer relationship
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	7 years 8 months 12 days	7 years
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 80,400,000			131,296,000
Accumulated amortization		(20,737,000)			(24,565,000)
Impairment Amount	¥ (59,663,000)	¥ (59,663,000)
Net Carrying Amount					47,068,000
Domain names and trademark
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	19 years 6 months	10 years
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 85,632,000			3,236,980,000
Accumulated amortization		(22,893,000)			(117,181,000)
Impairment Amount	¥ (27,124,000)	(27,124,000)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 35,615,000			3,092,675,000
Logistic workforce
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	3 years	3 years
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 13,900,000			13,900,000
Accumulated amortization		(8,378,000)			(13,024,000)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 5,522,000			876,000
Online payment and other licenses
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	12 years 8 months 12 days	14 years 3 months 18 days
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 200,924,000			236,898,000
Accumulated amortization		(45,981,000)			(67,597,000)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 154,943,000			169,301,000
Copyrights
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	2 years 4 months 24 days	2 years 4 months 24 days
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 19,656,000			20,363,000
Accumulated amortization		(16,360,000)			(20,322,000)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 3,296,000			¥ 41,000

Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Goodwill
Goodwill, gross		¥ 2,622,470,000	¥ 2,622,470,000		¥ 9,135,088,000	¥ 14,649,000
Accumulated impairment loss		(2,593,420,000)			(2,593,420,000)
Goodwill, net		29,050,000	2,622,470,000	$ 942,196	6,541,668,000	14,649,000
Additions	¥ 6,512,618,000		2,607,821,000
Impairment	0	(2,593,420,000)	0
JD Mall
Goodwill
Goodwill, gross		14,401,000	14,401,000		6,527,019,000
Goodwill, net		14,401,000	14,401,000		6,527,019,000
Additions	¥ 6,512,618,000		14,401,000
New Businesses
Goodwill
Goodwill, gross		2,608,069,000	2,608,069,000		2,608,069,000	14,649,000
Accumulated impairment loss		(2,593,420,000)			(2,593,420,000)
Goodwill, net		14,649,000	2,608,069,000		¥ 14,649,000	¥ 14,649,000
Additions			¥ 2,593,420,000
Impairment		¥ (2,593,420,000)

Short-term borrowings (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings	$ 1,200,247	¥ 8,333,317	¥ 3,040,209
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings
Weighted average interest rate	4.91%	4.91%	4.40%

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Amount due to the third-party investors from the sale of financial products		¥ 18,106,270,000	¥ 0
Salary and welfare payables		2,118,459,000	1,689,809,000
Deposits		6,845,980,000	3,627,058,000
Payable related to employees' exercise of share-based awards		74,119,000	276,259,000
Rental fee payables		250,795,000	135,534,000
Professional fee accruals		96,114,000	75,086,000
Others		1,939,747,000	1,374,319,000
Total	$ 4,239,015	¥ 29,431,484,000	¥ 7,178,065,000

Unsecured senior notes (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2016 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2016 CNY (¥)
Unsecured senior notes
Unsecured senior notes		$ 983,870	¥ 6,831,012
Unsecured senior notes
Unsecured senior notes
Number of maturities for debt issued \| item	2
Aggregate principal amount \| $	$ 1,000,000
Unsecured senior notes			6,831,012
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs			105,988
Total principal amounts of unsecured senior notes			6,937,000
Debt discount				¥ 79,289
Debt issuance costs				¥ 35,727
Future principal payments for unsecured senior notes due
Due in 2021			3,468,500
Due in 2026			¥ 3,468,500
Unsecured senior notes \| 3.125% notes due 2021
Unsecured senior notes
Aggregate principal amount \| $		$ 500,000
Interest rate (as a percent)		3.125%	3.125%
Unsecured senior notes			¥ 3,435,184
Effective interest rate (as a percent)		3.37%	3.37%
Unsecured senior notes \| 3.875% notes due 2026
Unsecured senior notes
Aggregate principal amount			¥ 500,000
Interest rate (as a percent)		3.875%	3.875%
Unsecured senior notes			¥ 3,395,828
Effective interest rate (as a percent)		4.15%	4.15%
Parent company
Unsecured senior notes
Unsecured senior notes		$ 983,870	¥ 6,831,012

Others, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Others, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Others, net
Foreign exchange losses, net	$ (21,079)	¥ (146,354)	¥ (57,395)	¥ (28,980)
Government financial incentives		740,567	392,022	214,623
Impairment of investments	(91,831)	(637,583)	(611,108)
Gain from business and investment disposals	177,568	1,232,853	1,507
Others		284,572	134,377	30,944
Total	$ 212,308	¥ 1,474,055	¥ (140,597)	¥ 216,587

Taxation (Details)		4 Months Ended	8 Months Ended	12 Months Ended				36 Months Ended	72 Months Ended	108 Months Ended
Taxation (Details)	Mar. 16, 2007	Apr. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Taxation
Applicable tax rate approved (as a percent)				25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Chongqing Haijia \| Encouraged industry in the Western Regions of China
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)								15.00%
Chengdu Century \| Encouraged industry in the Western Regions of China
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)								15.00%
PRC
Taxation
Applicable tax rate approved (as a percent)	25.00%
Withholding tax rate on dividend distributed by FIE				10.00%
Maximum rate of withholding tax for dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong under specified conditions				5.00%
Minimum ownership percentage of the FIE by foreign investors to qualify for withholding tax rate limit for dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong				25.00%
PRC \| Chinabank Payment Technology \| High and new technology enterprise
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)										15.00%
PRC \| Beijing Shangke \| High and new technology enterprise
Taxation
Preferential corporate income tax rate (as a percent)									15.00%
PRC \| Beijing Shangke \| Software enterprise
Taxation
Number of years exempted from income tax				2 years
Reduction percentage of preferential corporate income tax rate				50.00%
Number of years half exempted income tax				3 years
PRC \| Sales of audio, video products and books
Taxation
Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)				13.00%
PRC \| Sales of other products
Taxation
Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)				17.00%
PRC \| Online advertising and other services
Taxation
Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)				6.00%
Percentage of cultural undertaking development fees				3.00%
Business tax rate (as a percent)							5.00%
PRC \| Logistic services
Taxation
VAT rate one (as a percent)				6.00%
VAT rate two (as a percent)				11.00%
Business tax rate (as a percent)							3.00%
PRC \| Online payment services
Taxation
Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)			6.00%
Business tax rate (as a percent)		5.00%
Hong Kong
Taxation
Profit tax rate (as a percent)				16.50%

Taxation (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Taxation (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Income/(loss) before tax
Income/(loss) from China operations		¥ 448,494	¥ (4,705,034)	¥ (529,173)
Loss from non-China operations		(3,682,718)	(4,426,734)	(4,447,861)
Loss before tax	$ (465,825)	(3,234,224)	(9,131,768)	(4,977,034)
Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations
Current income tax expenses		(214,282)	(28,322)	(23,493)
Deferred tax benefits		34,782	42,584	4,169
Subtotal income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations		(179,500)	14,262	(19,324)
Total income tax benefits/(expenses)	$ (25,853)	¥ (179,500)	¥ 14,262	¥ (19,324)

Taxation (Details 3) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Taxation (Details 3) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of differences between statutory tax rate and effective tax rate
Statutory income tax rate (as a percent)	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Tax effect of preferential tax treatments (as a percent)	24.70%	1.90%	1.70%
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities (as a percent)	(21.20%)	(10.90%)	(22.40%)
Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction (as a percent)	(2.20%)	(0.20%)	0.10%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses (as a percent)	(18.90%)	(10.90%)	(3.40%)
Tax effect of non-taxable income (as a percent)	0.00%	0.20%	1.10%
Changes in valuation allowance (as a percent)	(12.90%)	(4.50%)	(0.50%)
Expiration of loss carry forwards (as a percent)	0.00%	(0.40%)	(2.00%)
Effective tax rates (as a percent)	(5.50%)	0.20%	(0.40%)
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for doubtful accounts				¥ 228,965	¥ 79,136
Deferred revenues, accruals and other liabilities				212,504	66,027
Net operating loss carry forwards				1,336,035	1,215,975
Less: valuation allowance	¥ (1,361,138)	¥ (931,458)	¥ (905,833)	(1,777,504)	(1,361,138)
Net deferred tax assets				0	0
Deferred tax liabilities
Intangible assets arisen from business combination				907,356	1,228
Total deferred tax liabilities				907,356	¥ 1,228
Net operating loss carry forwards				¥ 6,160,815
Movement of valuation allowance
Balance at beginning of the period	1,361,138	931,458	905,833
Additions	633,457	449,381	156,820
Reversals	(217,091)	(19,701)	(131,195)
Balance at end of the period	¥ 1,777,504	¥ 1,361,138	¥ 931,458

Redeemable non-controlling interests (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2016
Redeemable non-controlling interests
Redeemable non-controlling interests (Note 19)	¥ 0	$ 1,016,408	¥ 0	¥ 0
Net income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders		64,044	444,657	0	¥ 0
Roll forward of the redeemable non-controlling interests
Balance as of the beginning of the year	0		0
Additions			6,612,264
Net income attributable to mezzanine classified non-controlling interests shareholders		64,044	444,657	0	¥ 0
Balance as of the end of the year		$ 1,016,408	¥ 7,056,921	¥ 0
JD Finance
Redeemable non-controlling interests
Ordinary shares with preferential rights issued	¥ 6,650,000
Equity interest held (as a percent)						86.00%
Maximum period of contingent redemption of preferred shares	60 months
Minimum market cap	¥ 93,000,000
Maximum period for redemption from date of written request (in days)	180 days
Annual compound interest rate (as a percent)	8.00%
Penalty interest (as a percent)	0.05%
JD Finance \| Lead investors including Sequoia Capital China, China Harvest Investments and China Taiping Insurance
Redeemable non-controlling interests
Ordinary shares with preferential rights issued	¥ 6,650,000

Convertible preferred shares (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands					12 Months Ended
	Sep. 21, 2010 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 12, 2009 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 15, 2007 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 27, 2007 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	May 28, 2014 CNY (¥) shares
Convertible preferred shares
Accretion of Series C Preference Shares \| ¥					¥ 7,957,640
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares
Shares Issued				155,000,000
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.0323
Proceeds from Issuance, convertible preferred shares \| $				$ 5,000
Preferred shares, shares Outstanding						155,000,000
Preferred shares, carrying Amount \| ¥						¥ 215,626
Series A-1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares
Shares Issued			130,940,000
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.0382
Proceeds from Issuance, convertible preferred shares \| $			$ 5,000
Preferred shares, shares Outstanding						36,894,000
Preferred shares, carrying Amount \| ¥						¥ 40,224
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares)	64,579,075
Series B convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares
Shares Issued		235,310,000
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.0892
Proceeds from Issuance, convertible preferred shares \| $		$ 21,000
Preferred shares, shares Outstanding						59,539,244
Preferred shares, carrying Amount \| ¥						¥ 88,241
Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares)	15,498,980
Series C Preferred Shares
Convertible preferred shares
Shares Issued	178,238,250
Issue Price per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.7742
Proceeds from Issuance, convertible preferred shares \| $	$ 138,000
Convertible redeemable preferred shares, shares Outstanding						258,316,305
Convertible redeemable preferred shares, carrying Amount \| ¥						¥ 15,130,903
Accretion of Series C Preference Shares \| ¥					¥ 7,957,640

Ordinary shares (Details) - $ / shares	1 Months Ended
Ordinary shares (Details) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2016	May 31, 2014	Mar. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.00002	$ 0.00002
RSUs and share options
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares reserved for issuance				130,816,834	93,722,508
Ordinary shares \| Huang River Investment Limited \| Transaction with Tencent
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares issued			351,678,637
Class A ordinary shares
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares issued		166,120,400
Class A ordinary shares \| Huang River Investment Limited \| Private Placement
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares issued		139,493,960
Class A ordinary shares \| Newheight Holdings Ltd \| Transaction with Walmart
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares issued	144,952,250

Share repurchase program (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares
Repurchase of shares cost \| ¥				¥ 5,882,156
ADS
Authorized amount	$ 1,000,000
Repurchase period (in months)	24 months
Shares repurchased during the year (in ADS shares) \| shares			31,065,784	31,065,784
Repurchase of shares cost			$ 800,000
Repurchase price (in dollars per ADS) \| $ / shares			$ 25.75
Payments under share repurchase program involving capped call options			$ 300,000
Proceeds from settlements under share repurchase program, involving capped call options		$ 107,239	216,220
Prepaid amount for capped call options			100,000
Remaining amount authorized under share repurchase program			$ 200,000

Other comprehensive income/(loss) (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		¥ 30,583,033
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		988,567	¥ 930,951	¥ (107,507)
Balance, end of the year	$ 4,881,592	33,892,900	30,583,033
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		540,121	(413,452)	(291,840)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		943,616	953,573	(121,612)
Balance, end of the year		1,483,737	540,121	(413,452)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		14,705	37,327	23,222
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		44,951	(22,622)	14,105
Balance, end of the year		59,656	14,705	37,327
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		554,826	(376,125)	(268,618)
Balance, end of the year		¥ 1,543,393	¥ 554,826	¥ (376,125)

Share-based compensation (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Share-based compensation (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation charge	¥ 2,343,785	¥ 1,193,945	¥ 4,249,548

Share-based compensation (Details 2) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2013 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥		¥ 2,343,785		¥ 1,193,945		¥ 4,249,548
Share Incentive Plan
Share-based compensation
Number of ordinary shares available for future grants \| shares	147,179,881							147,179,881
Share Incentive Plan \| Employees
Share-based compensation
Term of vesting schedule period	6 years	6 years
Share Incentive Plan \| Employees \| RSUs \| Vesting Based On Service
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares) \| shares	38,934,336	38,934,336	31,703,526	31,703,526	27,150,848	27,150,848
Granted (in shares) \| shares	58,376,008	58,376,008	18,295,642	18,295,642	14,588,400	14,588,400
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(8,547,278)	(8,547,278)	(7,130,556)	(7,130,556)	(6,385,905)	(6,385,905)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(6,967,648)	(6,967,648)	(3,934,276)	(3,934,276)	(3,649,817)	(3,649,817)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares) \| shares	81,795,418	81,795,418	38,934,336	38,934,336	31,703,526	31,703,526	27,150,848
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 9.56		$ 5.77		$ 3.77
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	12.85		14.37		8.43
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	7.93		4.96		3.71
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	10.66		9.73		5.07
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.98		$ 9.56		$ 5.77		$ 3.77
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥		¥ 1,589,623		¥ 690,742		¥ 386,632
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options \| ¥								¥ 4,782,306
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	6 years 2 months 12 days	6 years 2 months 12 days
Total fair value of RSUs vested \| $	$ 110,115,000		$ 113,154,000		$ 74,949,000
Total intrinsic value of RSUs vested \| $	$ 110,115,000		$ 113,154,000		$ 74,949,000
Share Incentive Plan \| Employees \| RSUs \| Vesting Based On Performance
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares) \| shares	876,364	876,364	1,466,658	1,466,658
Granted (in shares) \| shares	0	0	0	0	1,515,151	1,515,151
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(118,540)	(118,540)	(188,936)	(188,936)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(447,822)	(447,822)	(401,358)	(401,358)	(48,493)	(48,493)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares) \| shares	310,002	310,002	876,364	876,364	1,466,658	1,466,658
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 6.33		$ 6.33
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 6.33
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	6.33		6.33
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	6.33		6.33		6.33
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 6.33		$ 6.33		$ 6.33
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥		¥ 4,334		¥ 4,630		¥ 14,124
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options \| ¥								¥ 3,811
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	2 years 1 month 6 days	2 years 1 month 6 days
Total fair value of RSUs vested \| $	$ 1,524,000		$ 2,347,000		$ 0
Total intrinsic value of RSUs vested \| $	$ 1,524,000		$ 2,347,000		$ 0
Share Incentive Plan \| Employees \| Share options \| Vesting Based On Service
Number of share options
Outstanding at the beginning of the year (in shares) \| shares	27,434,622	27,434,622	26,201,252	26,201,252	26,912,328	26,912,328
Granted (in shares) \| shares	0	0	5,652,500	5,652,500	2,745,000	2,745,000
Exercised \| shares	(2,820,648)	(2,820,648)	(2,694,404)	(2,694,404)	(849,844)	(849,844)
Forfeited or cancelled (in shares) \| shares	(2,954,958)	(2,954,958)	(1,724,726)	(1,724,726)	(2,606,232)	(2,606,232)
Outstanding at the end of the year (in shares) \| shares	21,659,016	21,659,016	27,434,622	27,434,622	26,201,252	26,201,252	26,912,328
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in shares) \| shares	19,493,114							19,493,114
Exercisable at the end of the year (in shares) \| shares	8,952,222							8,952,222
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 6.10		$ 4.37		$ 3.96
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			13.17		8.20
Exercised (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	3.97		4.07		3.96
Forfeited or cancelled (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	7.21		6.07		4.31
Outstanding at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	6.23		$ 6.10		$ 4.37		$ 3.96
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	6.23
Exercisable at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 5.02
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding at the end of the year	7 years 3 months 18 days	7 years 3 months 18 days	8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 6 months	8 years 6 months	9 years 4 months 24 days
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year	7 years 3 months 18 days	7 years 3 months 18 days
Exercisable at the end of the year	6 years 10 months 24 days	6 years 10 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the end of the year (in dollars) \| $	$ 142,433,000		$ 275,040,000		$ 189,729,000
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in dollars) \| $	128,190,000
Exercisable at the end of the year (in dollars) \| $	$ 69,274,000
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥		¥ 125,225		¥ 103,962		¥ 115,469
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted \| $ / shares			$ 5.59		$ 4.48
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to options \| ¥								¥ 161,679
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	4 years 3 months 18 days	4 years 3 months 18 days
Total intrinsic value of options exercised \| $	$ 23,796,000		$ 29,522,000		$ 6,648,000
Cash received from the exercises of share options \| $	12,454,000		12,332,000		$ 0
Cash Receivable From Stock Option Exercises \| $	$ 747,000		$ 1,992,000
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Exercise multiples					2.8	2.8
Expected dividend yield (as a percent)			0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years)			10 years	10 years	10 years	10 years
Share Incentive Plan \| Employees \| Share options \| Vesting Based On Service \| Minimum
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)			33.00%	33.00%	52.00%	52.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)			2.17%	2.17%	2.42%	2.42%
Exercise multiples			2.0	2.0
Expected dividend yield (as a percent)			0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars) \| $			$ 11.57		$ 6.33
Share Incentive Plan \| Employees \| Share options \| Vesting Based On Service \| Maximum
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)			50.00%	50.00%	53.00%	53.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)			2.65%	2.65%	3.50%	3.50%
Exercise multiples			2.8	2.8
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars) \| $			$ 14.69		$ 12.51
Share Incentive Plan \| Year three \| Employees
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested	3 years	3 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	33.00%	33.00%
Share Incentive Plan \| Year four \| Employees
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested	4 years	4 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	25.00%	25.00%
Share Incentive Plan \| Year five \| Employees
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested	5 years	5 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	20.00%	20.00%
Share Incentive Plan \| Year six \| Employees
Share-based compensation
Year in which shares are vested	6 years	6 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	17.00%	17.00%

Share-based compensation (Details 3) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) shares
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥		¥ 2,343,785		¥ 1,193,945		¥ 4,249,548
Non-employees \| Share Incentive Plan \| RSUs
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares) \| shares	477,186	477,186	414,965	414,965	30,000	30,000
Granted (in shares) \| shares	878,726	878,726	300,000	300,000	389,965	389,965
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(145,514)	(145,514)	(237,779)	(237,779)	(5,000)	(5,000)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(158,000)	(158,000)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares) \| shares	1,052,398	1,052,398	477,186	477,186	414,965	414,965
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.02		$ 7.65		$ 3.96
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	10.98		12.94		7.89
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	10.61		7.56		3.96
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	10.83
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.07		$ 11.02		$ 7.65
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation charge \| ¥		¥ 23,581		¥ 23,305		¥ 15,917
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options \| ¥		¥ 70,657
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	5 years	5 years
Total fair value of RSUs vested \| $	$ 1,841		$ 3,645		$ 61
Total intrinsic value of RSUs vested \| $	$ 1,841		$ 3,645		$ 61

Share-based compensation (Details 4)		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Share-based compensation (Details 4)	Mar. 11, 2014 $ / shares shares	May 31, 2015 $ / shares	May 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses				¥ 2,343,785,000	¥ 1,193,945,000	¥ 4,249,548,000
Founder \| RSUs \| Share Incentive Plan
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares) \| shares	93,780,970
Share-based compensation expenses						¥ 3,685,041,000
Grant date fair value \| $ / shares	$ 6.3
Founder \| Share options \| Share Incentive Plan
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses				318,156,000	¥ 240,024,000
Term of compensation plan			10 years
Cash salary to be received per year			¥ 1
Cash bonus to be received			¥ 0
Vesting schedule			10 years
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Exercise multiples					2.0
Expected dividend yield (as a percent)					0.00%
Expected term (in years)					10 years
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the founder share options granted				¥ 846,458,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized				8 years 4 months 24 days
Founder \| Share options \| Share Incentive Plan \| Minimum
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)					36.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)					2.74%
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars) \| $							$ 16.70
Founder \| Share options \| Share Incentive Plan \| Maximum
Assumptions used to calculate estimated fair value of each option grant
Expected volatility (as a percent)					38.00%
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) (as a percent)					2.79%
Fair value of the underlying shares on the date of option grants (in dollars) \| $							$ 16.93
Each anniversary \| Founder \| Share options \| Share Incentive Plan
Share-based compensation
Vesting percentage (as a percent)			10.00%
Class A ordinary shares \| Founder \| Share options \| Share Incentive Plan
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares) \| shares			26,000,000
Exercise price \| $ / shares		$ 16.70
ADS \| Founder \| Share options \| Share Incentive Plan
Share-based compensation
Exercise price \| $ / shares		$ 33.40

Share-based compensation (Details 5) - CNY (¥) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses	¥ 2,343,785	¥ 1,193,945	¥ 4,249,548
RSUs \| 2015 JD Finance Plan
Share-based compensation
Shares granted as the percentage of ordinary shares	2.94%	7.25%
Weighted average grant date fair value of the restricted share units granted (in RBM per share)	¥ 7.17	¥ 4.25
Share-based compensation expenses	¥ 260,581	¥ 95,664
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the founder share options granted	¥ 681,437
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	5 years 6 months

Net loss per share (Details) ¥ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) item $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) item ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders - basic	$ (548,291)	¥ (3,806,790)	¥ (9,107,940)	¥ (12,953,998)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders - diluted \| ¥		¥ (3,806,790)	¥ (9,107,940)	¥ (12,953,998)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares - basic	2,804,767,889	2,804,767,889	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247
Weighted average number of shares - diluted	2,804,767,889	2,804,767,889	2,735,034,034	2,419,668,247
Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders \| (per share)	$ (0.20)	¥ (1.36)	¥ (3.33)	¥ (5.35)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders \| (per share)	$ (0.20)	¥ (1.36)	¥ (3.33)	¥ (5.35)
Number of different classes of shares presented \| item	3	3

Net loss per share (Details 2) - shares	12 Months Ended
Net loss per share (Details 2) - shares	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Non-vested ordinary shares, RSUs, and Options
Anti-dilutive securities
Anti-dilutive securities	117,014,016	81,737,438	63,453,677

Related party transactions (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		¥ 863,516		$ 203,089	¥ 1,410,050
Amount due to related parties		(104,726)		$ (24,147)	(167,655)
Staging Finance Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		183,260			95,021
Staging Finance Group \| Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods
Related party transactions
Revenues	¥ 667,495	1,016,286
Business Infinite Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties		(6,209)			(8,554)
Business Infinite Group \| Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods
Related party transactions
Revenues	27,549	112,541
Tencent Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		520,094			962,002
Amount due to related parties		(77,893)			(85,092)
Tencent Group \| Commission service revenue from cooperation on advertising business
Related party transactions
Revenues	184,241	139,602	¥ 95,287
Tencent Group \| Online marketplace services
Related party transactions
Revenues	52	111	272
Tencent Group \| Services and purchases
Related party transactions
Operating expenses	244,644	195,805	88,076
Shanghai Icson Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		105,176
Shanghai Icson Group \| Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods
Related party transactions
Revenues		6	164,811
Shanghai Icson Group \| Services and purchases
Related party transactions
Operating expenses	20,871	168,875	¥ 103,976
Dada Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties					88,971
Dada Group \| Provision of fulfillment services and sales of goods
Related party transactions
Revenues	124,092
Dada Group \| Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Revenues	41,409
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties					(393,549)
Dada Group \| Services
Related party transactions
Operating expenses	136,515
Dada Group \| Non-compete agreement
Related party transactions
Other income	53,186
Other liabilities					(523,296)
Bitauto Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties		(311)
Bitauto Group \| Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Revenues	610,722	445,526
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties		(2,599,742)			(1,989,020)
Tuniu Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties		(721)			(12,311)
Tuniu Group \| Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Revenues	¥ 132,405	49,200
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties		(611,015)			(478,610)
Major related parties
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		808,530			1,145,994
Amount due to related parties		(85,134)			(105,957)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties		(3,210,757)			(2,861,179)
Other liabilities					(523,296)
Related parties, other than the major related parties
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties		¥ 54,986			¥ 264,056
Amount due from related parties as a percentage of total accounts receivable, net and prepayments and other current assets		0.50%		1.34%	1.34%
Amount due to and deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties		¥ 79,064			¥ 147,224
Amount due to and deferred revenues from related parties as a percentage of total accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, deferred revenues and other non-current liabilities		0.19%		0.19%	0.19%
Related parties, other than the major related parties \| Total net revenues \| Related parties concentration risk
Related party transactions
Concentration risk (as a percentage)	0.01%	0.01%	0.00%
Related parties, other than the major related parties \| Total operating expense \| Related parties concentration risk
Related party transactions
Concentration risk (as a percentage)	0.03%	0.02%	0.01%

Segment reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Segment reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) segment	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Number of operating segments \| segment	2	2
Net revenues	$ 37,465,310	¥ 260,121,645,000	¥ 181,275,425,000	¥ 115,002,317,000
Operating income/(loss)	(308,929)	(2,144,897,000)	(6,470,986,000)	(5,802,437,000)
Total other income/(expense)		(1,089,327,000)	(2,660,782,000)	825,403,000
Loss before tax	$ (465,825)	(3,234,224,000)	(9,131,768,000)	(4,977,034,000)
Accounts receivable
Consumer financing		14,300,000,000	6,400,000,000
Business financing		600,000,000	300,000,000
Advance to suppliers
Supply chain financing		1,200,000,000	200,000,000
Loan receivables
Consumer financing		9,300,000,000	2,600,000,000
Supply chain financing		3,400,000,000	1,100,000,000
Due from related parties
Business financing		100,000,000	200,000,000
Other non-current assets
Consumer financing		1,700,000,000	1,000,000,000
Accounts payable
Supply chain financing		7,000,000,000	4,700,000,000
Operating segments
Operating income/(loss)		956,490,000	(1,584,386,000)	(443,410,000)
Inter-segment
Net revenues		(2,582,669,000)	(1,690,689,000)	(420,215,000)
Operating income/(loss)		452,034,000	275,832,000	53,471,000
Unallocated expenses
Operating income/(loss)		(3,101,387,000)	(4,886,600,000)	(5,359,027,000)
JD Mall \| Operating segments
Net revenues		258,131,979,000	180,951,872,000	114,789,808,000
Operating income/(loss)		2,289,359,000	479,071,000	194,597,000
New Businesses \| Operating segments
Net revenues		4,572,335,000	2,014,242,000	632,724,000
Operating income/(loss)		(1,784,903,000)	(2,339,289,000)	(691,478,000)
New Businesses \| Operating segments \| Operating income (loss)
Interest revenue		1,397,799,000	384,139,000	94,618,000
Interest expense		¥ 845,074,000	¥ 0	¥ 0

Employee benefit (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Employee benefit (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Employee benefit
Employee benefit expenses	¥ 2,798,830	¥ 1,815,532	¥ 903,494

Lines of credit (Details) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Lines of credit (Details) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) item
Lines of credit
Number of PRC commercial banks with whom entity had agreements \| item	21
Outstanding for the liquidity loans	¥ 2,000,000
Amount reserved for the issuances of bank acceptance	8,841,710
Amount reserved for bank guarantee	187,662
Amount outstanding for the bank factoring	826,973
Revolving lines of credit
Lines of credit
Maximum borrowing capacity under facility	¥ 21,660,000

Commitments and contingencies (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Operating lease commitments
Rental and bandwidth leasing expenses	¥ 2,833,736	¥ 1,917,683	¥ 1,084,264
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more
2017	2,084,480
2018	1,229,605
2019	807,807
2020	557,897
2021	284,530
2022 and thereafter	418,649
Total	5,382,968
Office and fulfillment centers rental
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more
2017	1,821,161
2018	1,112,847
2019	708,482
2020	534,364
2021	283,150
2022 and thereafter	413,337
Total	4,873,341
Bandwidth leasing
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more
2017	263,319
2018	116,758
2019	99,325
2020	23,533
2021	1,380
2022 and thereafter	5,312
Total	¥ 509,627

Commitments and contingencies (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Long-Term Debt Obligations
Capital commitments
Expected repayment of nonrecourse securitization debt in 2017	¥ 9,389,213
Expected repayment of nonrecourse securitization debt in 2018	4,077,627
Capital commitments
Capital commitments
Total capital commitments contracted	¥ 1,920,971

Restricted net assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Restricted net assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Restricted net assets
Restricted net assets	¥ 29,080,653
PRC
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to general reserve fund or statutory surplus fund	10.00%
PRC \| General reserve fund \| Foreign invested enterprise
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to general reserve fund	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%
PRC \| Statutory surplus reserve \| Domestic enterprise
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to statutory surplus fund	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory surplus reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%

Subsequent events (Details) - Subsequent event - JD Finance - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017
Subsequent events
Percentage of equity stake disposed	68.60%
Cash received upon transaction	¥ 14,300,000
Percentage of profit sharing right	40.00%
Percentage of equity interest can be converted from profit sharing right	40.00%
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Subsequent events
Equity stake acquired (as a percent)		4.30%

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2013 CNY (¥)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,847,716	¥ 19,771,695	$ 2,572,932	¥ 17,863,868	¥ 16,914,651	¥ 10,812,339
Prepayments and other current assets	316,707	2,198,906		1,486,441
Total current assets	15,401,423	106,932,098		58,468,093
Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries \| ¥		9,520,507
Investment securities	152,763	1,060,632		1,005,831
Intangible assets, net	1,217,672	8,454,297		5,263,983
Total non-current assets	7,697,166	53,441,420		26,547,046
Total assets	23,098,589	160,373,518		85,015,139
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	4,239,015	29,431,484		7,178,065
Total current liabilities	15,085,731	104,740,235		48,983,001
Non-current liabilities:
Unsecured senior notes	983,870	6,831,012
Total non-current liabilities	2,075,975	14,413,500		5,311,272
Total liabilities	17,161,706	119,153,735		54,294,273
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015; 2,467,134,904 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,384,954,010 outstanding, 471,573,995 Class B ordinary shares issued and 451,490,387 outstanding as of December 31, 2016.)	54	377		358
Additional paid-in capital	8,534,987	59,258,417		48,393,126
Statutory reserves	19,147	132,938		55,560
Treasury stock	(746,346)	(5,181,880)		(3)
Accumulated deficit	(3,148,545)	(21,860,345)		(18,420,834)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	222,295	1,543,393		554,826
Total JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity	4,881,592	33,892,900		30,583,033
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' equity	$ 23,098,589	¥ 160,373,518		¥ 85,015,139
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.00002		$ 0.00002
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000
Class A ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,467,134,904	2,467,134,904	2,313,578,195	2,313,578,195
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,384,954,010	2,384,954,010	2,287,701,055	2,287,701,055
Class B ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	471,573,995	471,573,995	480,178,455	480,178,455
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	451,490,387	451,490,387	454,289,431	454,289,431
Parent company
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 880,970	¥ 6,116,574	$ 1,287,995	¥ 8,942,549	¥ 8,128,802	¥ 12,475
Prepayments and other current assets	5,496	38,160		11,349
Total current assets	886,466	6,154,734		8,953,898
Non-current assets:
Investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	4,321,840	30,006,536		16,523,355
Investment securities	5,506	38,226		103,363
Intangible assets, net	664,800	4,615,708		5,056,644
Total non-current assets	4,992,146	34,660,470		21,683,362
Total assets	5,878,612	40,815,204		30,637,260
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	13,150	91,292		54,227
Total current liabilities	13,150	91,292		54,227
Non-current liabilities:
Unsecured senior notes	983,870	6,831,012
Total non-current liabilities	983,870	6,831,012
Total liabilities	997,020	6,922,304		54,227
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,313,578,195 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,287,701,055 outstanding, 480,178,455 Class B ordinary shares issued and 454,289,431 outstanding as of December 31, 2015; 2,467,134,904 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,384,954,010 outstanding, 471,573,995 Class B ordinary shares issued and 451,490,387 outstanding as of December 31, 2016.)	54	377		358
Additional paid-in capital	8,534,987	59,258,417		48,393,126
Statutory reserves	19,147	132,938		55,560
Treasury stock	(746,346)	(5,181,880)		(3)
Accumulated deficit	(3,148,545)	(21,860,345)		(18,420,834)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	222,295	1,543,393		554,826
Total JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity	4,881,592	33,892,900		30,583,033
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' equity	$ 5,878,612	¥ 40,815,204		¥ 30,637,260
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.00002		$ 0.00002
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000
Parent company \| Class A ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,467,134,904	2,467,134,904	2,313,578,195	2,313,578,195
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,384,954,010	2,384,954,010	2,287,701,055	2,287,701,055
Parent company \| Class B ordinary shares
Shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	471,573,995	471,573,995	480,178,455	480,178,455
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	451,490,387	451,490,387	454,289,431	454,289,431

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details 2) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Operating expenses
Marketing	$ (1,522,832)	¥ (10,573,024,000)	¥ (7,736,172,000)	¥ (4,010,280,000)
General and administrative	(671,667)	(4,663,383,000)	(2,876,989,000)	(5,260,064,000)
Loss from operations	(308,929)	(2,144,897,000)	(6,470,986,000)	(5,802,437,000)
Interest income	69,367	481,618,000	414,999,000	637,641,000
Interest expense	(37,398)	(259,657,000)	(82,507,000)	(28,825,000)
Others, net	212,308	1,474,055,000	(140,597,000)	216,587,000
Net loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(548,291)	(3,806,790,000)	(9,107,940,000)	(4,996,358,000)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion				(7,957,640,000)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(548,291)	(3,806,790,000)	(9,107,940,000)	(12,953,998,000)
Net loss	(548,291)	(3,806,790,000)	(9,107,940,000)	(4,996,358,000)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	135,909	943,616,000	954,787,000	(121,612,000)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	(11,349)	(78,792,000)	(238,852,000)	71,286,000
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	17,823	123,743,000	216,230,000	(57,181,000)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	6,474	44,951,000	(22,622,000)	14,105,000
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)		988,567,000	930,951,000	(107,507,000)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(405,908)	(2,818,223,000)	(8,176,989,000)	(5,103,865,000)
Unrealized gains/(losses), tax		0	0	0
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, tax		0	0	0
Parent company
Operating expenses
Marketing	(175,538)	(1,218,760,000)	(1,221,580,000)	(915,455,000)
General and administrative	(83,156)	(577,350,000)	(445,095,000)	(3,834,699,000)
Loss from operations	(258,694)	(1,796,110,000)	(1,666,675,000)	(4,750,154,000)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	(280,678)	(1,948,761,000)	(7,520,216,000)	(449,816,000)
Interest income	7,975	55,373,000	143,757,000	183,294,000
Interest expense	(23,752)	(164,910,000)
Others, net	6,858	47,618,000	(64,806,000)	20,318,000
Net loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	(548,291)	(3,806,790,000)	(9,107,940,000)	(4,996,358,000)
Preferred shares redemption value accretion				(7,957,640,000)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(548,291)	(3,806,790,000)	(9,107,940,000)	(12,953,998,000)
Net loss	(548,291)	(3,806,790,000)	(9,107,940,000)	(4,996,358,000)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	135,909	943,616,000	953,573,000	(121,612,000)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains/(losses), nil of tax	(11,349)	(78,792,000)	(238,852,000)	71,286,000
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, nil of tax	17,823	123,743,000	216,230,000	(57,181,000)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	6,474	44,951,000	(22,622,000)	14,105,000
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	142,383	988,567,000	930,951,000	(107,507,000)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to JD.com, Inc.	$ (405,908)	(2,818,223,000)	(8,176,989,000)	(5,103,865,000)
Unrealized gains/(losses), tax		0	0	0
Reclassification adjustment for (gains)/losses recorded in net income, tax		¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details 3) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2014 CNY (¥)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	$ 1,262,713	¥ 8,767,017	¥ 1,696,322	¥ 1,289,901
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments	(2,444,075)	(16,969,213)	(5,022,000)	(19,104,408)
Maturity of short-term investments	1,834,722	12,738,475	16,625,621	7,853,607
Purchases of investment securities	(160,766)	(1,116,200)	(1,139,386)	(421,133)
Cash received from disposal of investment securities	52,123	361,893
Prepayments and investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	(1,103,343)	(7,660,513)	(7,156,789)	(434,585)
Cash received from business combination, net of cash acquired	(88,701)	(615,849)	(290,339)	1,260,337
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,952,121)	(48,268,577)	(5,790,525)	(13,478,133)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net				17,447,653
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(768,871)	(5,338,274)
Purchase of capped call options	(289,083)	(2,007,100)
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options	210,747	1,463,218
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to stock plans	11,867	82,396	75,713
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes, net of discount and debt issuance costs	915,450	6,355,969
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,861,943	40,699,471	4,700,273	18,392,028
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	102,249	709,916	343,147	(101,484)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	274,784	1,907,827	949,217	6,102,312
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	2,572,932	17,863,868	16,914,651	10,812,339
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	2,847,716	19,771,695	17,863,868	16,914,651
Parent company
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(4,861)	(33,756)	169,018	101,150
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments				(6,119,000)
Maturity of short-term investments			6,367,600
Purchases of investment securities			(92,090)
Cash received from disposal of investment securities	2,368	16,440
Prepayments and investments in subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	(537,804)	(3,733,972)	(5,695,660)	(4,264,147)
Cash received from business combination, net of cash acquired				1,313,753
Net cash used in investing activities	(535,436)	(3,717,532)	579,850	(9,069,394)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, net				17,447,653
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(768,871)	(5,338,274)
Purchase of capped call options	(289,083)	(2,007,100)
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options	210,747	1,463,218
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to stock plans	11,867	82,396	75,713
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes, net of discount and debt issuance costs	915,450	6,355,969
Net cash provided by financing activities	80,110	556,209	75,713	17,447,653
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	53,162	369,104	(10,834)	(363,082)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	(407,025)	(2,825,975)	813,747	8,116,327
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	1,287,995	8,942,549	8,128,802	12,475
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$ 880,970	¥ 6,116,574	¥ 8,942,549	¥ 8,128,802