UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of May 2020

Commission File Number: 001-36450

JD.com, Inc.

20th Floor, Building A, No. 18 Kechuang 11 Street

Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone

Daxing District, Beijing 101111

The People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F    ☒                Form 40-F    ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):  ☐

Exhibit Index

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 15, 2020

Exhibit 99.1

JD.com Announces First Quarter 2020 Results

Beijing, China—May 15, 2020—JD.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: JD), China’s leading technology driven e-commerce company transforming to become the leading supply chain-based technology and service provider, today announced its unaudited financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

First Quarter 2020 Highlights

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“We are proud that JD.com has been able to remain fully operational throughout the COVID-19 outbreak, and our employees are proud of the contributions JD continues to make towards building a more productive and sustainable society,” said Richard Liu, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of JD.com. “Strong user growth during the first quarter reflects consumers’ increasing reliance on JD.com to support every aspect of their lives, and confidence in our commitment to providing a broad selection of quality products and best-in-class services.”

“JD’s resilient business model helped drive solid top and bottom-line results for the quarter that exceeded our expectations,” said Sidney Huang, Chief Financial Officer of JD.com. “We are also pleased to see an accelerating increase in user engagement, demonstrating our strengthened brand image and expanded consumer mindshare. Throughout the COVID-19 outbreak, JD has implemented disciplined financial control policies while providing undisrupted and timely services to consumers. We will continue to invest in technology and customer experience to support our future growth.”

Business Highlights

Environment, Social and Governance

JD Retail

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JD Health

JD Logistics

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JD Property

Equity Investees Update

Operational Metrics Update

First Quarter 2020 Financial Results

Net Revenues. For the first quarter of 2020, JD.com reported net revenues of RMB146.2 billion (US$20.6 billion), representing a 20.7% increase from the same period in 2019. Net product revenues increased by 19.7%, while net service revenues increased by 29.6% for the first quarter of 2020, as compared to the same period of 2019.

Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues increased by 20.2% to RMB123.7 billion (US$17.5 billion) for the first quarter of 2020 from RMB102.9 billion for the first quarter of 2019. This increase was primarily due to the growth of the company’s online retail business and the logistics services provided to third parties.

Fulfillment Expenses. Fulfillment expenses, which primarily include procurement, warehousing, delivery, customer service and payment processing expenses, increased by 29.0% to RMB10.4 billion (US$1.5 billion) for the first quarter of 2020 from RMB8.1 billion for the first quarter of 2019. Fulfillment expenses as a percentage of net revenues was 7.1% for the first quarter of 2020, compared to 6.7% in the same period last year, as the spread of COVID-19 caused a shift in product mix and incremental costs.

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Fulfilled Gross Margin⁵. Fulfilled gross margin for the first quarter of 2020 was 8.3%, as compared to 8.4% for the first quarter of 2019.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses increased by 13.4% to RMB4.5 billion (US$0.6 billion) for the first quarter of 2020 from RMB3.9 billion for the first quarter of 2019.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased to RMB3.9 billion (US$0.6 billion) for the first quarter of 2020 from RMB3.7 billion for the first quarter of 2019.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses kept relatively stable, amounting to RMB1.4 billion (US$0.2 billion) and RMB1.3 billion for the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Income from Operations and Non-GAAP Income from Operations. Income from operations for the first quarter of 2020 was RMB2.3 billion (US$0.3 billion), compared to RMB1.2 billion for the same period last year. Non-GAAP income from operations for the first quarter of 2020 was RMB3.3 billion (US$0.5 billion) with a non-GAAP operating margin of 2.2%, as compared to non-GAAP income from operations of RMB2.0 billion for the first quarter of 2019 with a non-GAAP operating margin of 1.6%. Operating margin of JD Retail before unallocated items for the first quarter of 2020 was 3.2%, compared to 2.7% for the first quarter of 2019.

Non-GAAP EBITDA for the first quarter of 2020 was RMB4.5 billion (US$0.6 billion) with a non-GAAP EBITDA margin of 3.1%, compared to RMB3.2 billion with a non-GAAP EBITDA margin of 2.6% for the first quarter of 2019.

Others, net. Others are other non-operating income/(loss) including gains/(losses) from fair value change of long-term investments, gains from business and investment disposals, impairment of investments, government incentives, foreign exchange gains/(losses) and others. In the first quarter of 2020, other non-operating loss was RMB132.6 million (US$18.7 million), as compared to other non-operating income of RMB6,886.0 million for the first quarter of 2019. The substantial decrease was primarily due to the fair value change of investment securities, which had a loss of RMB669.7 million (US$94.6 million) for the first quarter of 2020, as compared to a gain of RMB5,750.5 million for the same period of last year.

Net Income Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders and Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders. Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for the first quarter of 2020 was RMB1.1 billion (US$0.2 billion), compared to RMB7.3 billion for the same period last year. Non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for the first quarter of 2020 was RMB3.0 billion (US$0.4 billion), compared to RMB3.3 billion for the same period last year.

Diluted EPS and Non-GAAP Diluted EPS. Diluted net income per ADS for the first quarter of 2020 was RMB0.72 (US$0.10), compared to RMB4.96 for the first quarter of 2019. Non-GAAP diluted net income per ADS for the first quarter of 2020 was RMB1.98 (US$0.28), compared to RMB2.23 for the first quarter of 2019.

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Cash Flow and Working Capital

As of March 31, 2020, the company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments totaled RMB75.1 billion (US$10.6 billion), compared to RMB64.5 billion as of December 31, 2019. For the first quarter of 2020, free cash flow of the company was as follows:

Net cash used in investing activities was RMB8.2 billion (US$1.2 billion) for the first quarter of 2020, consisting primarily of increase in short-term investments of RMB4.7 billion, cash paid for investments in equity investees and purchases of investment securities of RMB1.7 billion, and cash paid for capital expenditures of RMB2.2 billion, partially offset by the proceeds from sale of development properties to the Core Fund of RMB0.2 billion and the loans settled by JD Digits of RMB0.4 billion.

Net cash provided by financing activities was RMB15.1 billion (US$2.1 billion) for the first quarter of 2020, consisting primarily of proceeds from short-term debts of RMB8.6 billion and fixed rate unsecured senior notes issued in January 2020 with two maturity dates for an aggregate principal amount of US$1.0 billion, consisting of US$0.7 billion of 3.375% notes due 2030 and US$0.3 billion of 4.125% notes due 2050.

For working capital turnover days, see table under “Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics.”

For the twelve months ended March 31, 2020, free cash flow of the company was as follows:

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Supplemental Information

The table below sets forth the three months segment operating results:

JD Property develops and manages logistics facilities and other real estate properties. By leveraging its fund management platform, JD Property can realize development profits and recycle capital from mature properties to fund new developments and scale the business.

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The table below sets forth the revenue information for the first quarter of 2020:

Second Quarter 2020 Guidance

Net revenues for the second quarter of 2020 are expected to be between RMB180 billion and RMB195 billion, representing a growth rate between 20% and 30% compared with the second quarter of 2019. This forecast reflects JD.com’s current and preliminary expectation, which assumes the COVID-19 situation would not have any significant unexpected disruption to our operations in the remainder of the second quarter.

Conference Call

JD.com’s management will hold a conference call at 7:30 am, Eastern Time on May 15, 2020 (7:30 pm, Beijing/Hong Kong Time on May 15, 2020) to discuss the first quarter 2020 financial results.

Please register in advance of the conference using the link provided below and dial in 10 minutes prior to the call, using participant dial-in numbers, Direct Event passcode and unique registrant ID which would be provided upon registering. You will be automatically linked to the live call after completion of this process, unless required to provide the conference ID below due to regional restrictions.

PRE-REGISTER LINK: http://apac.directeventreg.com/registration/event/8153108

CONFERENCE ID: 8153108

A telephone replay will be available from 10:30 am, Eastern Time on May 15, 2020 through 9:59 am, Eastern Time on May 23, 2020. The dial-in details are as follows:

Additionally, a live and archived webcast of the conference call will also be available on the company’s investor relations website at http://ir.jd.com.

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About JD.com.

JD.com is a leading technology driven e-commerce company transforming to become the leading supply chain-based technology and service provider. The company’s cutting-edge retail infrastructure seeks to enable consumers to buy whatever they want, whenever and wherever they want it. The company has opened its technology and infrastructure to partners, brands and other sectors, as part of its Retail as a Service offering to help drive productivity and innovation across a range of industries. JD.com is the largest retailer in China, a member of the NASDAQ100 and a Fortune Global 500 company.

Non-GAAP Measures

In evaluating the business, the company considers and uses non-GAAP measures, such as non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders, non-GAAP net margin, free cash flow, non-GAAP EBITDA, non-GAAP EBITDA margin, non-GAAP net income/(loss) per share and non-GAAP net income/(loss) per ADS, as supplemental measures to review and assess operating performance. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The company defines non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations as income/(loss) from operations excluding share-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions, effects of business cooperation arrangements, gain on sale of development properties and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. The company defines non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders as net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders excluding share-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions, effects of business cooperation arrangements and non-compete agreements, gain/(loss) on disposals/deemed disposals of investments, reconciling items on the share of equity method investments, loss/(gain) from fair value change of long-term investments, impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and investments, gain and foreign exchange impact in relation to sale of development properties and tax effects on non-GAAP adjustments. The company defines free cash flow as operating cash flow adjusting the impact from JD Baitiao receivables included in the operating cash flow and capital expenditures, net of the proceeds from sale of development properties. Capital expenditures include purchase of property, equipment and software, cash paid for construction in progress, purchase of intangible assets and land use rights. The company defines non-GAAP EBITDA as non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations plus depreciation and amortization excluding amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions. Non-GAAP basic net income/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the periods. Non-GAAP diluted net income/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the periods, including the dilutive effect of share-based awards as determined under the treasury stock method. Non-GAAP net income/(loss) per ADS is equal to non-GAAP net income/(loss) per share multiplied by two.

The company presents these non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by management to evaluate operating performance and formulate business plans. Non-GAAP income/(loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders and non-GAAP EBITDA reflect the company’s ongoing business operations in a manner that allows more meaningful period-to-period comparisons. Free cash flow enables management to assess liquidity and cash flow while taking into account the impact from JD Baitiao receivables included in the operating cash flow and the demands that the expansion of fulfillment infrastructure and technology platform has placed on financial resources. The company believes that the use of the non-GAAP financial measures facilitates investors to understand and evaluate the company’s current operating performance and future prospects in the same manner as management does, if they so choose. The company also believes that the non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to both management and investors by excluding certain expenses, gain/loss and other items that are not expected to result in future cash payments or that are non-recurring in nature or may not be indicative of the company’s core operating results and business outlook.

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The non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. The company’s non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect all items of income and expense that affect the company’s operations or not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. Further, these non-GAAP measures may differ from the non-GAAP information used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore their comparability may be limited. The company compensates for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance measure, all of which should be considered when evaluating performance. The company encourages you to review the company’s financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

CONTACTS:

Investor Relations

Ruiyu Li

Senior Director of Investor Relations

+86 (10) 8912-6804

IR@JD.com

Media

+86 (10) 8911-6155

Press@JD.com

Safe Harbor Statement

This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “confident” and similar statements. Among other things, the business outlook and quotations from management in this announcement, as well as JD.com’s strategic and operational plans, contain forward-looking statements. JD.com may also make written or oral forward-looking statements in its periodic reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), in its annual report to shareholders, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by its officers, directors or employees to third parties. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about JD.com’s beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, including but not limited to the following: JD.com’s growth strategies; its future business development, results of operations and financial condition; its ability to attract and retain new customers and to increase revenues generated from repeat customers; its expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of its products and services; trends and competition in China’s e-commerce market; changes in its revenues and certain cost or expense items; the expected growth of the Chinese e-commerce market; Chinese governmental policies relating to JD.com’s industry and general economic conditions in China. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in JD.com’s filings with the SEC. All information provided in this press release and in the attachments is as of the date of this press release, and JD.com undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as required under applicable law.

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data and otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data and otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data and otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data and otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data and otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Non-GAAP Net Income Per Share and Per ADS

(In thousands, except per share data and otherwise noted)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Free Cash Flow

(In thousands)

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JD.com, Inc.

Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Results

(In thousands, except percentage data)

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JD.com, Inc.

Unaudited Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Results

(In thousands, except percentage data)

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